CN107000567A - 用于混合动力车辆的驱动系统 - Google Patents
用于混合动力车辆的驱动系统 Download PDFInfo
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- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
- B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D11/00—Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts
- F16D11/14—Clutches in which the members have interengaging parts with clutching members movable only axially
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D13/00—Friction clutches
- F16D13/22—Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members
- F16D13/24—Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members with conical friction surfaces cone clutches
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D13/00—Friction clutches
- F16D13/22—Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members
- F16D13/24—Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members with conical friction surfaces cone clutches
- F16D13/32—Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members with conical friction surfaces cone clutches in which two or more axially-movable members are pressed from one side towards an axially-located member
- F16D13/34—Friction clutches with axially-movable clutching members with conical friction surfaces cone clutches in which two or more axially-movable members are pressed from one side towards an axially-located member with means for increasing the effective force between the actuating sleeve or equivalent member and the pressure member
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D23/00—Details of mechanically-actuated clutches not specific for one distinct type
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- F16D23/04—Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches with an additional friction clutch
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D25/00—Fluid-actuated clutches
- F16D25/08—Fluid-actuated clutches with fluid-actuated member not rotating with a clutching member
- F16D25/082—Fluid-actuated clutches with fluid-actuated member not rotating with a clutching member the line of action of the fluid-actuated members co-inciding with the axis of rotation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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- B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于混合动力车辆的驱动系统(1),具有内燃机(3)、电机(5)和离合装置(9),该离合装置具有摩擦力锁合元件(13)和形状锁合元件(15),该形状锁合元件并联于、尤其同轴于摩擦力锁合元件(13)联接,其中,离合装置(9)设置成将内燃机(3)耦入驱动系统(1)并且切换为至少下列状态:形状锁合元件(15)打开并且摩擦力锁合元件(13)闭合,以启动和/或同步内燃机(3);在内燃机(3)运转、同步的情况下,形状锁合元件(15)闭合并且摩擦力锁合元件(13)闭合,以便产生内燃机的输出;以及在内燃机(3)静止的情况下,形状锁合元件(15)打开并且摩擦力锁合元件(13)打开,以便纯电机驱动车辆。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于混合动力车辆的驱动系统。所述“混合动力车辆”在下文中理解为这样的车辆:其具有带有至少一个电机和至少一个内燃机的驱动系统,用于驱动混合动力车辆。根据设计方案,在此,混合动力车辆阶段性地由电机或内燃机单独或共同驱动,其中,存在离合装置,用于将内燃机耦入到驱动系统中。
背景技术
离合器使用日益广泛,为了将内燃机在驱动技术方面从驱动系统分离或者为了将内燃机的转矩为驱动目的耦入。例如,为此使用摩擦离合器。由于需传递的转矩大,摩擦离合器在该应用时通常在油中运行。这提供尤其由离合器产生的摩擦热的良好的散热的优点,以便能够将该离合器在所需要的功率谱中紧凑、尤其在其外径方面地构成。在油中运行的系统在此虽然实现了良好的散热,然而要求与用于运输油和容纳油的系统的互相作用。此外,存在可能的取决于系统的、由于运动部件在油中的油溅损失、油泵的能量消耗以及油涡轮机的摩擦损失导致的能量需求。
文献DE102007010307B3公开了一种用于在机动车的前置变速箱中的用于不可相对转动地连接轴与支承在该轴上的转动机构的切换离合组件,其中,所述切换离合组件具有:切换套筒,其与轴不可相对转动地相连、相对于轴沿轴向可移动地支承并且设有第一啮合部;离合体,其与转动机构不可相对转动地相连并且设有第二啮合部,该第二啮合部为了不可相对转动地连接轴和转动机构能够与第一啮合部啮合;锁止同步装置,该锁止同步装置具有带有摩擦面的同步环,借助该同步环能够在第一啮合部和第二啮合部啮合之前同步轴和转动机构的转速,其中,所述锁止同步装置此外具有锁止机构,该锁止机构与切换套筒经由止动部件耦合并且与同步环沿转动方向经由锁止面对耦合,其中,锁止面配合构造在锁止机构与同步机构之间,该锁止面对沿轴向方向与锁止机构耦合并且沿转动方向与同步环耦合。
为了起动内燃机通常使用专门的电起动马达。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于混合动力车辆的改进的驱动系统和一种用于驱动具有所述驱动系统的混合动力车辆的方法。
该目的通过根据独立权利要求1的用于机动车的驱动系统和关于方法的独立权利要求13来实现。在从属权利要求中给出另外有利的设计方案。
根据本发明的一方面,用于混合动力车辆的驱动系统具有内燃机、电机和离合装置,该离合装置具有摩擦力锁合元件和形状锁合元件,该形状锁合元件与摩擦力锁合元件并联联接。离合装置设置成用于将内燃机耦入驱动系统并且能够切换到至少下列状态:形状锁合元件打开并且摩擦力锁合元件闭合,以启动和/或同步内燃机;在内燃机运转、同步的情况下,形状锁合元件闭合并且摩擦力锁合元件闭合或者形状锁合元件闭合并且摩擦力锁合元件打开,以产生内燃机的输出;以及在内燃机静止的情况下,形状锁合元件打开并且摩擦力锁合元件打开,以纯电机驱动车辆。
因此,驱动系统具有电机和内燃机,它们设置成用于驱动混合动力车辆。但驱动系统也可仅通过电机或内燃机驱动混合动力车辆。例如,混合动力车辆在要求小的驱动功率的情况下、在要求更短的有效距离的情况下、在城市运行或类似情况下用电机驱动。内燃机在该运行类型中可借助离合装置解耦并且关闭。在内燃机解耦的状态下,内燃机的输出轴可在转速和转矩方面基本上不受用于传递电机和内燃机的转矩的输出轴的转速和转矩的影响。如果需要内燃机的驱动功率,例如用于加速或者用于高速驾驶,可启动并且耦合内燃机。没有专门的用于内燃机的电启动马达也能使用驱动系统。因此,内燃机可通过电机来驱动。为了启动内燃机,例如在驱动系统运行的情况下同步到所要求的转速,设有摩擦力锁合元件,其实现了转矩从电机到内燃机的转速可变的传递。如果启动内燃机,可使用其驱动力矩,用于驱动混合动力车辆。为了保持摩擦力锁合元件紧凑,可设计其用于启动并且同步内燃机并且用于永久传递全部可能的内燃机的驱动转矩。因此,在驱动系统中,与摩擦力锁合元件并联地设置有形状锁合元件,使得内燃机的驱动功率也可通过形状锁合元件来传递。摩擦力锁合元件和形状锁合元件因此在传递技术上(这涉及其转矩传递)布置成彼此并联。在内燃机启动并且同步的情况下,形状锁合元件、例如啮合装置、锁止装置或任意其它合适的装置闭合,使得内燃机的转矩则可首先并联于形状锁合元件和摩擦力锁合元件来传递。摩擦力锁合元件最后也可不受负载或打开,使得内燃机的转矩于是仅仅经由形状锁合元件传递。这节约了用于离合致动器的能量,因为离合传动机构在该状态下不激活。
本发明基于如下的原理:借助于摩擦力锁合在具有(起始)相对转速的各构件之间建立同步运转。如果实现了同步运转,则形状锁合元件、尤其啮合部接合,并且因此建立形状锁合,由此可形状锁合地传递全部转矩。在此使用同步化的原理,以便实现对拖曳启动能力的要求,为此使用形状锁合,其传递内燃机的全部转矩。在此,用于拖曳启动的转矩保持相对小,以便相应不必设计用于全部转矩的摩擦副。一旦在离合装置中建立形状锁合,则可经由形状锁合元件实现内燃机的全部转矩潜力。
通过摩擦力锁合元件基于通过形状锁合元件的运转的内燃机的转矩传递的要求更小的转矩传递实现了摩擦力锁合元件和离合装置的更紧凑的设计。“X尺寸链”可由此减小,即离合装置可如此紧凑地确定尺寸,使得其可放置在电机的转子支架之内。此外,可通过离合装置分隔地分布在紧凑的摩擦力锁合元件和形状锁合元件中,离合装置输入到电机的区域中的能力输入减少,这实现了在结构设计方面更多的灵活性。通过现有构造空间的优化使用,也沿径向和轴向实现了额外的系统功能、例如基于水冷却的壳体接片在电机上的转子冷却。
根据一种有利的设计方案,离合器设计成干式、即无油浸槽地运转。借助该结构的设计,可避免油溅损失,该油溅损失在元件在油中运动并且与此相关联的摩擦时会产生。此外,可节约用于相关的油泵的驱动能量。以该方式可改善驱动系统的效率。通过内燃机的转矩在行驶运行中借助形状锁合元件的传递,摩擦锁合元件有利地也可紧凑地设计成不设有具有在此通过油给出的热输出的油槽。
根据一种实施方式,因此电机的转子的一部分直接水冷却。设置在驱动系统中的、用于传递内燃机的转矩的形状锁合元件实现了摩擦力锁合元件的紧凑的实施方案,其需要设计仅用于传递相对小的拖曳力矩以启动内燃机。可使用因此自由的结构空间,以便设置驱动系统的额外的功能。例如可设置直接的转子冷却、尤其基于水冷却的壳体接片。水冷却实现了特别紧凑的设计,因为到流体的热量传递大。可省去在空间上大的散热片,它们在空冷中需设置地宽,这有助于系统的进一步的紧凑性和成本有利的构造。
根据另一有利的设计方案,离合装置至少部分在电机的转子之内延伸或甚至布置在其中。在此,所述转子也包括转子支架。由此,驱动系统沿转子的轴线方向的延伸可减少。涉及驱动系统的“X尺寸链”可减少,这在驱动系统的尺寸小和其结构空间需求小方面是有利的。
根据一种另外的有利的设计方案,摩擦力锁合元件由第一旋转离合元件和第二旋转离合元件构成,它们彼此同轴布置并且设置成能够向彼此移动且远离彼此移动,其中,第一离合元件具有外锥体并且第二离合元件具有内锥体,所述外锥体和内锥体为了传递转矩能彼此接触。
接下来,为了改善行文的流畅,第一旋转离合元件部分称作第一离合元件并且第二旋转离合元件部分称作第二离合元件。
如果第一离合元件和第二离合元件彼此间隔开,则用于传递转矩的摩擦锁合分离。当第一离合元件和第二离合元件接触时,转矩可通过在二者之间的摩擦锁合传递。两个离合元件例如通过相应的致动器朝向彼此挤压越强烈,摩擦锁合可传递的转矩越大。在此,锥形的实施方案实现了在直径一定的情况下两个离合元件之间的摩擦面的增大,这对于结构空间减少和在动态的系统特性方面惯性减小是有利的。此外,由此在各离合元件之间的压紧力可相应于外锥体和内锥体的斜度在致动器的压力上增加。具有内锥体和外锥体作为摩擦副的离合元件的设计方案此外实现了相对于具有摩擦盘式设计的摩擦面的结构而言小的离合器直径,这在驱动系统的紧凑的设计方面是有利的。第一旋转离合元件为了传递内燃机和电机的转矩可与轴耦联。
在第一旋转离合元件上或在第二旋转离合元件上可设置有啮合部,并且与相应另一的离合元件不可相对转动地相配地设置有止动爪,以便在啮合部中锁止。由此可构成在第一旋转离合元件与第二旋转离合元件之间的形状锁合。当两个离合元件基本上同步时,优选则构成形状锁合,以便使在同步单元的摩擦面上、尤其在啮合部或止动爪上的磨损保持小以及禁止所不希望的滑移。所述同步可通过借助内锥体和外锥体的转矩传递来实现。如果在第一旋转离合元件和第二旋转离合元件之间的形状锁合的连接直接构成或第二旋转离合元件与用于传递电机和内燃机的转矩的轴的形状锁合的连接直接构成,则两个离合元件的形状锁合连接和摩擦力锁合连接并联。现在,例如摩擦力锁合连接可通过内锥体与外锥体分开或合适的离合器松开并且相关的致动器能够于是卸载。断开致动器实现了能量节约。当形状锁合连接设计用于比摩擦力锁合的连接更大的需传递的力矩时,可实现驱动系统的另一优点。例如摩擦力锁合连接可用于启动混合动力车辆的内燃机。如果内燃机启动,则建立了形状锁合连接并且在内燃机的运行中出现的更大的转矩则可由形状锁合连接传递。这实现了摩擦力锁合连接设计地紧凑、仅用于小的转矩(其在内燃机启动时出现)。因此结构空间可减少并且混合动力车辆的驱动系统的成本下降。
根据另一种有利的设计方案,止动爪布置成可沿轴线平行于旋转离合元件移动。由此,由离合元件转动引起的离心力作用可最小化到止动爪的位置上,这实现了其在位置中的止动和滚动性。
根据另一种有利的设计方案,设置有致动器,所述致动器设置成用于将第一离合元件和第二离合元件朝向彼此挤压。由此,当希望主动分离两个离合元件并且不单独由一个复位弹簧实现时,可省去用于将第一离合元件从第二离合元件松开的第二致动器,该第二致动器反作用于第一致动器。通过相应的几何结构、例如在第一或者第二离合元件上的相位的角度,必要的致动力能够最小化。如减少用于离合装置的必要的结构空间那样,减少必要的致动力使得在致动器选择方面具有大的自由度。
根据另一种有利的设计方案,所述致动器设置成用于,也将第一离合元件和第二离合元件远离彼此拉开。这用于分离各离合元件。同样可以的是,当致动器不用力或者用在确定的力值下的力将各离合元件压到一起时,各离合元件通过弹簧或类似物与致动器起反作用地彼此分离移动。为了彼此分离地移动各离合元件可以同样设置第二致动器,该第二致动器与第一致动器反向作用。
根据另一种有利的设计方案,所述致动器构成为电机致动器或液压致动器。液压的构造方案实现特别高的调节力。借助机电的构造方案,可以特别良好地实现在快速的调节特性方面的高动态。在机电的构造方案中,电机可以设有适合的变速箱,用于将电机的旋转运动转换成线性的调节运动。此外,致动器可以构成为气动工作的致动器,这在技术上很简单的结构方面具有优点。
根据另一种有利的设计方案,所述止动爪这样设置,使得其在致动器施加确定力或第一旋转离合元件或第二旋转离合元件施加确定的轴向力的情况下锁止。止动爪的可锁止的构造方案提供了如下的优点:致动器的调节力可减少或者甚至可设置成零,其中,两个离合元件在摩擦锁合情况下保持锁止。由于由此产生的致动器更低的负载,因此这可以更紧凑地、即节省空间地、带有更小功率地并且成本更有利地来实施。总之,以该方式减少由于致动器的能量消耗。此外,驱动系统的运行安全性提升。
例如,设置有弹簧元件、尤其弹簧环,其在超过确定的轴向力的情况下从在第一旋转离合元件或第二旋转离合元件上的相位这样移动,使得止动爪能进入锁止位置。弹簧元件例如具有弹簧支撑的销或者弹簧环。在构成为弹簧环的情况中,该弹簧环可弹性地被压入到容纳其的轴槽中。在此,止动爪通过弹簧元件一同移动。根据本发明的装置的上文阐述的改进方案和优点也应用于根据本发明的方法。
根据本发明的一方面,用于在使用根据本发明的驱动系统的情况下驱动混合动力车辆的方法具有步骤:在传递电机的转矩的情况下,借助电机驱动混合动力车辆;在借助摩擦力锁合元件通过摩擦锁合传递转矩的情况下,借助电机驱动混合动力车辆和同时启动内燃机;和在借助形状锁合元件通过形状锁合传递内燃机的转矩的情况下,借助电机和内燃机驱动混合动力车辆。
根据另一种有利的设计方案,在方法步骤(b)中实现电机的转矩至少暂时提高。在此,电机的转矩在其输出轴上在额定点中对于从例如0.5秒到3秒的短的持续时间以从例如20%到70%的量提升到额定转矩上。相对短的持续时间与相对小的转矩提高相结合,允许电机温度停留在不危险的范围中,使得电机不受损。
本发明其它可能的执行方案也包括未明确提及的、之前或者之后关于实施例描述的特征的组合。在此,本领域专业人员也补充作为驱动系统的相应的基本形式的改进或者增补的各方面。
附图说明
本发明其它有利的设计方案和方面是从属权利要求以及接下来描述的本发明的实施例的主题。另外,本发明借助优选的实施形式参考附图详细地来阐述。在附图中,只要不提供相反说法,相同的附图标记表示相同或者功能相同的组件。附图如下:
图1以示意图示出了根据第一实施例的用于混合动力车辆的驱动系统;
图2以示意性的剖视图示出了根据第一实施例的用于混合动力车辆的驱动系统的局部;以及
图3以示意性的空间剖视图示出了根据第一实施例的用于混合动力车辆的驱动系统的局部。
具体实施方式
图1以示意图示出了根据第一实施例的用于混合动力车辆的驱动系统1。驱动系统1在该实施例中具有内燃机3和电机5,二者在图中均示意性地示出为矩形。在本发明的意义中,可在驱动系统1中设有多于一个的内燃机3和多于一个电机5。内燃机3和电机5设置成用于,提供其转矩用于驱动混合动力车辆,在图中右侧作为直线示出的输出轴7上。离合装置9在驱动系统1中设置在内燃机3与电机5之间,使得离合装置实现了内燃机3的输出轴与电机5和与输出轴7的旋转并且转矩方面的解耦。
此外,在该实施例中,自动化的中间轴传动装置11联接在电机5下游,所述中间轴传动装置使得由内燃机3和电机5在轴43上提供的驱动功率与输出轴7的转速和转矩匹配。
离合装置1具有摩擦力锁合元件13和形状锁合元件15,形状锁合元件与摩擦力锁合元件13并联。这借助接下来的附图更详细地示出。具有摩擦力锁合元件13和形状锁合元件15的离合装置1实现了:借助在摩擦力锁合元件13上的摩擦锁合使内燃机3例如从静止状态加速。如果内燃机3加速到合适的转速,则形状锁合元件15于是可与内燃机3的形状锁合的耦入。于是,形状锁合元件15实现了内燃机3的大转矩的传递。由此,摩擦力锁合元件13可设计用于更小的需传递的转矩并且有利地确定尺寸为具有小的结构需求。此外,在摩擦力锁合元件13上产生的摩擦热保持小并且由此尤其电机5的区域也略微由于摩擦力锁合元件13加热。
图2以示意性的剖视图示出了根据第一实施例的用于混合动力车辆的驱动系统1的局部。示出了驱动系统1的布置在对称线19上方的局部。对称线19示出带有电机5的转子支架的转子17与离合装置9的总系统的旋转轴线。在此,转子17应包围转子支架。离合装置9在图中在转子17的示出的区段下方并且由此在电机5的转子17内延伸。
离合装置9具有第一旋转离合元件21和第二旋转离合元件23,它们彼此同轴布置并且设置成能够朝向彼此移动以及远离彼此移动。在第一离合元件21上设置有外锥体25并且在第二离合圆锥23上设置有内锥体27。锥体25、27关于离合元件21、23的布置在此优选也可不同。在图2的剖视图中,可见第一离合元件21在第二离合元件23下方的斜右方。在此,外锥体25和内锥体27在图中倾斜向右上方延伸。如果外锥体25和内锥体27彼此压合,能够借助摩擦锁合经由第一离合元件21和第二离合元件23通过摩擦锁合来传递转矩。在此,根据转矩并且根据压合力,在两个离合元件21、23之间可实现旋转的滑移。
在第二旋转离合元件23上设有啮合部29。在该实施例中设置成套筒状的止动爪31设置成用于在啮合部29中的制动并且用于构造在第二旋转离合元件23与轴43之间的形状锁合。为此,套筒35不可相对转动地布置在轴43上并且与止动爪31在其内直径上啮合。
为了使第一旋转离合元件21沿轴向朝第二旋转离合元件23移动,设有致动器33。致动器33在该实施例中液压工作并且尤其能够施加与第一旋转离合元件21同轴的高压力。致动器33的力经由设置的套筒35旋转解耦地通过设置的滚动轴承37传递。
止动爪31在该实施例中这样设置,使得其在致动器33施加确定力的情况下锁止。为此,弹簧元件39设置在止动爪31上,当止动爪31经由确定的位置朝第一旋转离合元件21移动时,弹簧元件与第一旋转离合元件21锁止。
驱动系统1实现了内燃机3和电机5的转矩的灵活的可选经由摩擦锁合或形状锁合到轴43上的传递。在此,对于内燃机3的大转矩可使用形状锁合,这允许总体紧凑的尺寸确定。
图3以示意性的空间剖视图示出了根据第一实施例的用于混合动力车辆的驱动系统1的局部。通过空间图,可更容易地详细得知已根据图2示出的驱动系统1、尤其离合装置9的结构。
可见第一离合元件21在第二离合元件23的斜右下方,如在图2中那样。在该图中,第二离合元件23的在图中右边缘上可见啮合部29。止动爪31设计成套筒状并且可从致动器33在图中向左移动到与离合元件23接合。支架40在该实施例中使止动爪31与轴43耦合。为此,止动爪31与支架40啮合并且支架40经由四爪结构不可相对转动地与轴43耦合。通过止动爪31与支架40啮合,止动爪31将驱动力矩(其由第二旋转离合元件23传递到止动爪上)与其沿着支架40并且也沿着轴43的移动位置无关地传递到支架40上。第一旋转离合元件21同样可例如经由支架40与轴43耦合。为此,在止动爪31与第一旋转离合元件21之间构造卡合的情况下,例如将止动爪31(其可在支架40上在所提及的四爪结构中移动)移入到第一旋转离合元件21中可实现力锁合连接。
尽管本发明根据优选的实施例来说明,但本发明不限制于各实施例,而是可以多种方式进行修正。
附图标记列表
1 驱动系统
3 内燃机
5 电机
7 输出轴
9 离合装置
11 中间轴传动装置
13 摩擦力锁合元件
15 形状锁合元件
17 转子
19 对称线
21 第一旋转离合元件
23 第二旋转离合元件
25 外锥体
27 内锥体
29 啮合部
31 止动爪
33 致动器
35 套筒
37 滚动轴承
39 弹簧元件
40 支架
41 倒角
42 壳体
43 轴
Claims (15)
1.用于混合动力车辆的驱动系统(1),具有:
内燃机(3);
电机(5);以及
离合装置(9),该离合装置具有摩擦力锁合元件(13)和形状锁合元件(15),该形状锁合元件并联于、尤其同轴于所述摩擦力锁合元件(13)联接,
其中,所述离合装置(9)设置成用于将所述内燃机(3)耦入所述驱动系统(1)并且用于被切换到至少下列状态:
a)形状锁合元件(15)打开并且摩擦力锁合元件(13)闭合,以便启动和/或同步所述内燃机(3);
b)在内燃机运转、同步的情况下,形状锁合元件(15)闭合并且摩擦力锁合元件(13)闭合,或者形状锁合元件(15)闭合并且摩擦力锁合元件(13)打开,以便产生内燃机的输出;以及
c)在内燃机(3)静止的情况下,形状锁合元件(15)打开并且摩擦力锁合元件(13)打开,以便纯电机驱动地车辆。
2.根据权利要求1所述的驱动系统(1),其中,所述离合装置(9)干式运转。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的驱动系统(1),其中,所述电机(5)的转子(17)的一部分水冷却、尤其间接地水冷却。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的驱动系统(1),其中,所述离合装置(9)至少部分地在所述转子(17)内部延伸、尤其布置在所述转子中。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的驱动系统(1),其中,所述摩擦力锁合元件(13)由第一旋转离合元件(21)和第二旋转离合元件(23)构成,所述第一旋转离合元件和第二旋转离合元件相对彼此同轴布置并且设置成能够朝向彼此移动和远离彼此移动,其中,所述第一旋转离合元件(21)具有外锥体(25)并且所述第二旋转离合元件(23)具有内锥体(27),所述外锥体和内锥体为了传递转矩能彼此接触。
6.根据权利要求5所述的驱动系统(1),其中,在所述第一旋转离合元件(21)上或在所述第二旋转离合元件(23)上设置有啮合部(29),并且与相应另一离合元件(21、23)不可相对转动地相配地设置有止动爪(31),以便在所述啮合部(29)中锁止并且由此用于构成在所述第一旋转离合元件(21)与所述第二旋转离合元件(23)之间或在所述第二旋转离合元件(23)与轴(43)之间的形状锁合,以传递所述内燃机(3)和电机(5)的转矩。
7.根据权利要求6所述的驱动系统(1),所述止动爪(31)布置成能够沿轴线平行于所述旋转离合元件(21、23)移动。
8.根据权利要求5至7中任一项所述的驱动系统(1),其中,设置有致动器(33),所述致动器设置成用于将所述第一离合元件(21)和所述第二离合元件(33)朝向彼此挤压。
9.根据权利要求8所述的驱动系统(1),其中,所述致动器(33)设置成也用于将所述第一离合元件(21)和所述第二离合元件(33)远离彼此拉开。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的驱动系统(1),其中,所述致动器(33)构成为电机致动器或构成为液压致动器。
11.根据权利要求5至10中任一项所述的驱动系统(1),其中,所述止动爪(31)这样设置,使得所述止动爪在所述致动器(33)施加确定力或所述第一旋转离合元件(21)或所述第二旋转离合元件(23)施加确定轴向力的情况下锁止。
12.根据权利要求11所述的驱动系统(1),其中,设置有弹簧元件(39),在所述第一旋转离合元件(21)上、在所述第二旋转离合元件(33)上或在可移动地布置的套筒(35)上的倒角(41)受到超过确定的轴向力的情况下,所述弹簧元件这样移动,使得所述止动爪(31)能进入锁止位置。
13.用于使用根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的驱动系统(1)驱动混合动力车辆的方法,所述方法具有如下步骤:
(a)在传递所述电机(5)的转矩的情况下,借助电机(5)驱动所述混合动力车辆;
(b)在通过摩擦锁合借助所述摩擦力锁合元件(13)传递转矩的情况下,借助电机(5)驱动所述混合动力车辆并且同时启动内燃机(3);
(c)在通过形状锁合借助所述形状锁合元件(15)传递所述内燃机(5)的转矩的情况下,借助电机(5)和内燃机(3)驱动所述混合动力车辆。
14.根据权利要求13所述的方法,其中,在方法步骤(b)中所述电机(5)的转矩至少暂时提高。
15.混合动力车辆,所述混合动力车辆具有根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的驱动系统(1)。
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