CN114829180B - 用于混合动力车辆传动系的离合器装置 - Google Patents

用于混合动力车辆传动系的离合器装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114829180B
CN114829180B CN202080078536.9A CN202080078536A CN114829180B CN 114829180 B CN114829180 B CN 114829180B CN 202080078536 A CN202080078536 A CN 202080078536A CN 114829180 B CN114829180 B CN 114829180B
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coupling
clutch
outer race
clutch device
race
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CN114829180A (zh
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许向东
A·边
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Delphi Technologies IP Ltd
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Delphi Technologies IP Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/40—Controlling the engagement or disengagement of prime movers, e.g. for transition between prime movers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/383—One-way clutches or freewheel devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/02—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, or kind of clutch
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
    • B60K6/442—Series-parallel switching type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
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    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
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    • F16D41/06—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface
    • F16D41/069—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface the intermediate members wedging by pivoting or rocking, e.g. sprags
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16D41/00—Freewheels or freewheel clutches
    • F16D41/06—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface
    • F16D41/069—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface the intermediate members wedging by pivoting or rocking, e.g. sprags
    • F16D41/07—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface the intermediate members wedging by pivoting or rocking, e.g. sprags between two cylindrical surfaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16D48/06—Control by electric or electronic means, e.g. of fluid pressure
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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Abstract

一种用于混合动力车辆传动系的离合器装置包括：输入轴(30)，该输入轴连接到内燃发动机(12)的曲轴(26)；输出轴(32)，该输出轴用于连接到变速器(20)；单向离合器(50)，该单向离合器包括外座圈(54)和被连接成与输入轴(30)一起旋转的内座圈(52)；联接轮毂(58)，该联接轮毂与输出轴(32)旋转地联接；以及同步环(60)，该同步环布置在联接轮毂(58)和单向离合器(50)之间，同步环与单向离合器的外座圈协作。联接套筒单元(62)能够横跨联接轮毂(58)、同步环(60)和外座圈(54)在以下三个位置之间选择性地且轴向地移动：空档位置；第一位置，在该第一位置，联接套筒单元旋转地联接所述联接轮毂、同步环和外座圈；以及第二位置，在该第二位置，联接套筒单元旋转地联接联接轮毂、同步环、外座圈和内座圈。还提出了一种包括这种离合器装置的传动系。

Description

用于混合动力车辆传动系的离合器装置
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及机动车辆的领域。更具体地，本发明涉及混合动力车辆，并且具体地涉及用于混合动力车辆的离合器装置和传动系。
背景技术
由于对CO2排放的更严格的规定和由于人们对环境问题的意识，混合动力和全电动车辆越来越流行。
在这种情况下，P1/P3双马达混合动力结构已经获得了关注。传统的P1/P3结构包括内燃发动机和两个旋转电机。第一电机直接连接到发动机曲轴。离合器被设置成使发动机与变速器分离。离合器具有连接到发动机曲轴的输入轴和经由变速器将扭矩传递到驱动轮的输出轴。第二电机联接到离合器输出轴。
这种混合动力构造允许经由第二电机在低速和中速到高速下驱动车辆。离合器可以在较高速度下被接合以使用发动机扭矩来驱动车轮。当离合器脱开时，发动机机械动力可以用于驱动第一电机并产生动力。
这种结构的一个重要部件是离合器，离合器通常是液压或马达驱动的。液压驱动离合器需要液压泵来提供压力源和控制螺线管来致动离合器。这种液压泵必然伴有能量损失。马达驱动离合器的缺点是其尺寸，因为离合器片、拨叉和轴承导致轴向长度增加。这对于在P1/P3双马达变速器的情况下满足车辆封装需求是有问题的。
发明目的
本发明的目的是提供一种用于混合动力车辆传动系的改进的离合器设计。
发明内容
根据第一方面，本发明涉及一种用于混合动力车辆传动系的离合器装置，所述离合器装置包括：
输入轴，所述输入轴连接到内燃发动机的曲轴；
输出轴，所述输出轴用于连接到变速器；
单向离合器，所述单向离合器包括外座圈和被连接成与所述输入轴一起旋转的内座圈；
联接轮毂，所述联接轮毂与所述输出轴旋转地联接；
同步环，所述同步环布置在所述联接轮毂和所述单向离合器之间，所述同步环与所述单向离合器的所述外座圈以可操作的方式相关联；
联接套筒单元，所述联接套筒单元能够横跨所述联接轮毂、同步环和外座圈在三个位置之间选择性地且轴向地移动：空档位置；第一位置，在所述第一位置，所述联接套筒单元旋转地联接所述联接轮毂、所述同步环和所述外座圈；以及第二位置，在所述第二位置，所述联接套筒单元旋转地联接所述联接轮毂、所述同步环、所述外座圈和所述内座圈。
本发明的优点是设计了一种可应用于混合动力车辆结构的机械上简单的离合器装置。离合器装置具有三个位置。在空档位置，离合器完全脱开，并且在输入轴和输出轴之间没有联接。第一位置允许单向驱动，其中单向离合器以常规方式操作，允许扭矩从内座圈被传递到外座圈，但不允许相反地传递。在第二位置，单向离合器的内座圈和外座圈是结合的，并且单向离合器可以说是“旁通的”。这是双向驱动位置，其中动力可以在两个方向上传送。
使用具有同步器的单向离合器允许在双马达混合动力变速器(特别是P1/P3构造的)内部的简单、低成本的动力连接和断开。
本发明具有许多益处，其中：
-它充分利用了混合动力变速器中具有两个马达的优点，以简单的设计机构来实现；
-与DCT型马达驱动离合器相比，它在轴向长度上是紧凑的；
-与液压驱动离合器相比，它更节能；
-它在低成本离合器和低成本齿轮箱上实现了有竞争力的来源。
单向离合器可以是传统设计的自由轮单向离合器。如本领域所公知的，这种单向离合器通常被构造成当第一部件在第一方向上旋转时自动地将两个可旋转部件联接在一起以共同旋转，但是当第一部件在与第一方向相反的方向上旋转时自动地使所述部件分离，或者当第二部件比第一部件旋转得更快时使所述部件分离。便利地，单向离合器可以是斜撑离合器，斜撑构件布置在内座圈和外座圈之间。
在实施方式中，联接轮毂、同步环和外座圈具有直径基本相同的外表面；内座圈具有径向偏移的联接环，该联接环的外表面具有与所述外座圈相同的外径；并且外表面具有花键特征部，并且所述联接套筒单元具有协作的内部花键特征部。花键特征部通常平行于离合器的轴线(输入轴的轴线)延伸。因此，它们允许套筒构件横跨其它元件轴向移动，但是当部件绕轴线旋转时将提供联接。
在实施方式中，输出轴是圆柱形的并且与输入轴同轴布置以围绕该输入轴旋转。
联接套筒单元可以是单个套筒构件，该套筒构件具有足以在联接轮毂、同步环、外座圈和内座圈上延伸的轴向尺寸。替代地，联接套筒单元可包括一对套筒构件，套筒构件中的一个适于操作与第一位置对应的联接件，并且另一个套筒构件适于操作与第二位置对应的联接件。
离合器的换档有利地通过致动装置操作，优选地由(一个或多个)电动马达驱动，该致动装置被构造成允许选择性地将联接套筒单元轴向移动到所述位置。因此，(一个或多个)联接套筒构件在其外径上具有联接装置，例如凹槽等，该联接装置能够与致动装置的联接特征部协作。
在实施方式中，联接套筒单元和所述联接环上的花键特征部的相向的末端被设计成允许联接环的向后移动，特别地，末端可以是圆形的或倾斜的。
根据另一方面，本发明涉及一种混合动力传动系统，所述混合动力传动系统包括：
内燃发动机，所述内燃发动机具有曲轴；
根据第一方面的第一离合器装置，所述第一离合器装置设置在所述发动机和变速器之间，其中，所述第一离合器装置的所述输入轴与所述曲轴旋转地成一体，并且所述第一离合器装置的所述输出轴与所述变速器以可操作的方式连接；
第一旋转电机，所述第一旋转电机永久地联接到所述曲轴；
第二旋转电机，所述第二旋转电机经由第二离合器装置联接到所述变速器。
该传动系具有P1/P3结构。这种传动系通常被设计成主要利用第二旋转电机操作，即在低速和中速到高速下操作。当第一离合器打开时，发动机可以操作以通过旋转作为发电机操作的第一电机来产生电力。在高速下，通过完全接合第一离合器装置(位置2)，车轮可以通过发动机的动力来驱动。
在实施方式中，第一旋转电机与曲轴直接联接，特别地，第一旋转电机的转子固定到曲轴的飞轮。替代地，第一旋转电机可以安装在变速器壳体内并且例如通过齿轮或带等可驱动地联接到输入轴。
在实施方式中，第二离合器装置包括：单向离合器，该单向离合器包括与第二电机的转子一起旋转的内座圈和与变速器接合的外座圈；以及联接套筒，该联接套筒可在第一位置和第二位置之间移动，其中，在第二位置中，联接套筒旋转地联接外座圈和内座圈。内座圈可包括径向偏移的联接环，该联接环的外径与所述外座圈基本上相同；外座圈和联接环可以在它们的外表面上具有花键特征部；并且联接套筒可以具有内部通道，该内部通道的直径基本上与外座圈和径向延伸联接环的直径匹配，并且该联接套筒设置有花键特征部。
在实施方式中，内座圈与第二电机的转子旋转地成一体，特别地固定到所述转子。替代地，内座圈安装在直接联接到第二电机的马达轴的轴上。
传动系有利地包括中央处理单元，所述中央处理单元被构造成根据以下步骤操作所述第一离合器装置的换档过程：
a)在所述发动机运行的情况下，所述离合器处于初始位置，检查所述输入轴以比所述输出轴低的速度旋转，然后命令致动装置将同步套筒移动到所述第一位置，从而也移动所述同步环并使所述外座圈加速以与所述输出轴的速度匹配；
b)命令所述发动机或所述第二电机赶上所述输出轴的速度，由此所述内座圈52将达到所述外座圈的速度；以及
c)命令换档致动器进一步将所述联接套筒单元移动到所述第二位置，并且在这样做时略微降低所述输入轴的速度，使得所述内座圈相对于所述外座圈存在向后移动，由此所述同步套筒的花键将与所述内座圈联接环的花键接合。
附图说明
现在将通过示例的方式参照附图描述本发明，其中：
图1是包括本离合器装置的第一实施方式的混合动力传动系的实施方式的图；
图2至图4是表示处于三种不同操作构造的图1的离合器装置的图；
图5示出了说明图1的离合器的接合原理的三个草图；以及
图6是包括本离合器装置的第二实施方式的混合动力传动系的另一实施方式的图。
具体实施方式
将参照图1至图5描述混合动力传动系统、或简单地称作传动系统10的第一实施方式。如本领域技术人员将认识到的，这是P1/P3双马达混合动力构造。因此，系统10包括内燃发动机12、第一旋转电机14和第二旋转电机16，电机可被称为EM。EM 14和EM 16两者都包括定子14.1、16.1和转子14.2、16.2，并且可以作为马达或发电机工作。传动系10还包括第一离合器装置18和具有多个齿轮的变速器20，这些齿轮连接到差速器22，该差速器具有用于连接到车轮(未示出)的一对驱动轴24(半轴)。
第一EM 14布置在发动机12侧，以与发动机曲轴26一起旋转。这里，第一EM14实际上安装成使其转子14.2固定到附接到曲轴26的飞轮28，即EM 14与发动机曲轴26直接联接。
第一离合器装置18布置在发动机12与变速器20之间的接合部处。离合器装置18包括连接成与发动机曲轴26一起旋转的输入轴30以及连接到变速器并且因此最终联接到车轮的输出轴32。即，第一齿轮34设置在离合器输出轴32上，并经由中间齿轮联接到差速器22。第一齿轮34与第二齿轮36(设置在副轴37上)啮合，该第二齿轮与第三齿轮38联接，该第三齿轮与差速器22联接。
第二EM 16布置在离合器装置18的输出侧，并因此与变速器20联接，以便可操作以将驱动扭矩传递到车轮。第二EM 16的转子16.2通过第二离合器装置40联接到与第二齿轮36啮合的第四齿轮42。第三齿轮38与设置在副轴37上的辅助齿轮44啮合。
由于变速器的这种构造，离合器输出轴32与车轮永久地联接。因此，每当车轮转动时，输出轴32旋转。
驻车轮毂45设置在输出轴32上，并且具有相关联的驻车锁定致动器47。
回到离合器装置18，输入轴30限定离合器的中心轴线并可绕该中心轴线旋转。输入轴30连接成与曲轴26旋转地成一体。这可以在输入轴30的发动机侧处通过在安装到飞轮28的阻尼器单元46的轴端处的花键连接来完成。
输入轴30和输出轴32同轴地布置，输出轴32例如是相对于输入轴30可旋转地安装的圆柱形轴。
附图标记50表示单向离合器，该单向离合器用于选择性地将输入轴30与输出轴32联接。单向离合器可以是传统的设计。如本领域技术人员所知，斜撑离合器是飞轮式单向离合器，斜撑离合器类似于滚柱轴承，但不是圆柱形滚柱，非旋转的非对称斜撑(例如，凸轮形钢楔)用在内座圈和外座圈之间。斜撑离合器50包括具有轮毂的内座圈52、与内座圈径向间隔开的输出座圈54、以及位于内座圈和输出座圈之间的斜撑元件56(具有保持器构件/保持架的斜撑)，所述轮毂设置在输入轴30上以与输入轴一起旋转(例如，经由花键连接)。斜撑保持器在那里将斜撑保持在围绕两个座圈之间的间隙均匀地定位的位置，同时允许斜撑在两个方向上倾斜。斜撑形状被特别设计成当它们倾斜时，它们的径向高度改变。结果，允许座圈在一个方向上自由旋转，但不允许在相反方向上旋转，其中扭矩在两个座圈之间传递。
在当前情况下，当离合器50在一个方向上旋转时，内座圈52与外座圈54之间的斜撑以其径向高度增加的方式倾斜，因此斜撑被内座圈52和外座圈54牢固地挤压，并且扭矩在两个座圈之间传递。当离合器50在相反方向上旋转时，斜撑以其径向高度减小的方式倾斜，因此在斜撑和两个座圈52、54之间没有压力，因此没有扭矩被传递。
离合器装置18还包括联接轮毂58、同步环60和联接套筒单元62。如下面将更详细地解释的，同步环60与斜撑离合器50的外座圈54相关联，并且离合器装置18通常以这样的方式构造，即，联接套筒单元62允许联接轮毂58与斜撑离合器50之间的联接。
联接轮毂58例如通过输出轴32上的花键连接与输出轴32旋转地联接。联接轮毂58的外径形成设有花键特征部的外表面。
同步环60具有向内延伸的锥形区段61，该锥形区段与横向地连接到外座圈54的对应锥形区段55协作。同步环60的外径形成设置有花键特征部的外表面。通常，同步环60可由从同步轮毂58轴向延伸的塑料立柱(未示出)支撑，能够在这些立柱上滑动。因此，在换档操作之前，同步环60在外座圈锥体表面上“浮动”，由油膜分开。
外座圈54的外周、外表面也设置有花键特征部。内座圈52包括联接环53，该联接环在径向方向上向外偏移并且包括具有花键特征部的外表面。该联接环经由径向凸缘固定到内座圈主体。
联接套筒单元62被构造成能够横跨联接轮毂58、同步环60和斜撑离合器50选择性地轴向移动，以便进入三个预定位置。在此，联接套筒单元62包括单个套筒构件64，该套筒构件具有足以与联接轮毂58、同步环60和斜撑离合器50重叠直到内座圈52的联接环53的轴向尺寸。
套筒构件64是圆柱形部件，在其内表面上设置有平行于离合器轴线的花键特征部。套筒构件64的内径适于与联接轮毂58的花键外表面的外径匹配。同步环60、外座圈54和内座圈延伸部53的花键外表面的外径基本上与联接轮毂58的外径类似。这些部件的所有花键特征部都平行于离合器轴线，即平行于输入轴30的轴线延伸，以允许套筒构件的轴向移位，但提供围绕离合器轴线的旋转接合。
附图标记66表示第一致动器，该第一致动器连接到套筒构件64以使套筒构件在三个位置之间在轴向方向上移动。第一致动器66可以包括具有轴向可移位致动杆的电动马达，该致动杆具有与套筒构件64的外表面上的联接特征部协作的联接元件，以允许轴向移动套筒构件64。例如，联接元件可以是接合在套筒构件64的外环形凹槽中的换档拨叉。
通常设置传动系控制单元(PCU)以控制传动系，从而根据驾驶员的请求(特别是基于加速器踏板的位置)传递所需量的扭矩。PCU被编程以控制传动系的所有部件，特别是发动机12和两个EM 14、16，以及两个离合器装置18、40。PCU接收传动系中的多个传感器的信息。
图1中的套筒构件的三个位置分别表示为0、1和2。图2至图4中示出了对应的构造，即：
-图2-位置0：这是离合器装置18的空档位置。
-图3-位置1：这是单向驱动位置；
-图4-位置2：这是双向驱动位置。
在图2的空档位置，套筒构件64定位在联接轮毂58上面，并且由于两个部件之间的花键接合而与该联接轮毂一起旋转。输入轴30和输出轴32是分离的。当车轮转动时，输出轴32由第一齿轮34旋转。没有动力从输入轴30传送到输出轴，或者相反也没有。离合器装置18因此脱开(打开)。
在空档位置，发动机12可以在需要时操作，以经由第一EM 14产生电力，而不与下游变速器相互作用。
套筒构件64可以通过第一致动器66(在PCU的控制下)从空档位置朝向斜撑离合器轴向移动(即，在图中向右)，以便使离合器部分或完全接合。
在图3的构造中，套筒构件64已经朝向斜撑离合器50轴向移位，以与同步环60的外表面花键特征部和外座圈54的外表面花键特征部重叠并因此接合。在该“单向驱动”位置，动力可以从输入轴30传送到输出轴32，但不能从输出轴32传送到输入轴30。
通过套筒构件64的进一步轴向移动实现离合器的关闭，使得该离合器也接合内座圈52的联接环53。这是图4中所示的位置2“双向驱动”。套筒构件64因此与联接轮毂58、同步环60、斜撑离合器外座圈54和斜撑离合器内座圈延伸部53接合。套筒构件64、联接轮毂58、同步环60和斜撑离合器座圈52和54作为单个单元旋转。离合器50可以说是旁通的。输入轴30和输出轴32旋转地成一体。动力可以从输入轴30传送到输出轴32，以及从输出轴32传送到输入轴30。
可以注意到，位置1实际上仅是有助于增加外座圈54的旋转速度的中间位置。实际上，使同步环60抵靠外座圈54的锥形区段55移动(即，在图中向右)将逐渐地使外座圈54加速。
离合器装置18的换档过程由PCU控制。现在将参照图5说明离合器装置18的接合。图5的草图示出了联接套筒64的相应位置和斜撑内座圈52的联接环53。附图标记64.1表示联接套筒64的内径上的花键，而附图标记53.1表示联接环53上的外花键。图5中的a)至c)对应于位置0、1和2。
离合器接合的目的是例如使用发动机机械动力来以高速驱动车轮。
步骤1。离合器处于位置0。发动机在运行。PCU检查输入轴速度30(以发动机速度旋转)是否低于输出轴32速度(由车轮和牵引马达驱动)。如果为否，则PCU控制发动机12以将其速度调节到输出轴32的速度以下。然后PCU命令换档致动器66将同步套筒64从“位置0”移动到“位置1”。这种移动也将移动同步环60，并且将使斜撑外座圈54加速以与输出轴32的速度匹配。
步骤2。PCU命令发动机12或第二EM 16赶上输出轴32的速度，但不提供任何实质的扭矩以避免干扰到车轮的扭矩。在该步骤结束时，斜撑内座圈52将达到与斜撑外座圈完全相同的速度。
步骤-3。PCU命令换档致动器66进一步将联接套筒构件64从“位置-1”移动到“位置-2”。在这样做时，PCU略微降低输入轴30的速度，使得斜撑内座圈52相对于外座圈54存在向后移动。如图5中的b)和c)所示，同步套筒64的花键将与斜撑内座圈52的花键52接合。花键64.1和53.1的末端成形为使得当末端彼此阻挡时允许斜撑内座圈52向后移动。在该步骤结束时，离合器关闭或完全接合；这是“双向驱动”或“直接驱动”齿轮。
PCU还控制离合器脱开过程，该离合器脱开过程可以包括以下步骤：
步骤1。PCU设定发动机12和第一EM 14以提供稍微正的扭矩，使得斜撑外座圈54不向输出轴32传递动力。然后PCU命令换档致动器66将联接套筒64从“位置2”移动到“位置1”。
步骤2。接着，PCU将输入轴30速度设定为低于输出轴32的速度(例如通过关闭发动机12)，使得斜撑外座圈54从内座圈52自由旋转。然后PCU命令换档致动器66将联接套筒64从“位置-1”移动到“位置-0”。在该步骤结束时，离合器18回到“空档”齿轮；输入轴30与输出轴32完全断开。
回到图1，现在将描述第二离合器装置40(该第二离合器装置与第二EM 16相关联)的设计，该第二离合器装置还包括单向离合器。例如，其可以是斜撑离合器，其中斜撑元件70布置在内座圈72和外座圈74之间。如从图1中可以注意到的，内座圈72在此固定到第二EM16的转子16.2。外座圈74附接到设置在轴78上的联接轮毂76。联接轮毂76例如通过花键连接与轴78旋转地成一体。第四齿轮42也位于该轴上，因此驱动扭矩可借助于第二EM 16被施加到该第四齿轮，以驱动车轮。
附图标记80表示联接套筒，该联接套筒被构造成可沿轴78的方向轴向移动，以便选择性地联接外座圈72和内座圈74。联接套筒80在其内表面上具有花键特征部。外座圈74在其外表面上具有花键特征部，而内座圈72具有设置在联接环82上的花键特征部，该联接环具有与外座圈74相同的外径。联接环横向地定位并且轴向地偏移，但是与内座圈72成一体。
离合器40的换档借助于第二致动器84实现，该第二致动器可包括具有致动杆的电动马达，该致动杆配备有与联接套筒80的外表面上的联接特征部(例如，换档拨叉和凹槽)协作的联接元件。
在此，联接套筒80可占据两个位置，或者仅在外座圈上(位置1)，或者从外座圈72桥接至内座圈74(位置2)。
在位置1，联接套筒80仅位于外座圈74上，并且由于花键特征部而与该外座圈旋转地联接。这是“单向驱动”位置，其允许第二EM 16驱动车轮，但不允许车轮驱动第二EM 16。当EM 16达到其最大操作速度时，这种模式在非常高的车速下是有用的。在这种情况下，希望通过接合离合器18而切换到“发动机驱动”，以通过燃烧扭矩100％驱动车轮。离合器40处于位置1，第二EM 16将不被车轮拖曳。
在图1所示的位置2，联接套筒80已经轴向移位以与内座圈72的联接环82的花键特征部进行接合。因此外座圈72和内座圈74经由联接套筒80联接并作为单个单元以相同的速度旋转。这是“双向驱动”位置，其允许动力从第二EM 16传送到车轮，反之亦然。该模式有利地应用于大多数车辆操作：第二EM 16可以驱动车轮并且还可以从电制动回收能量。
现在将参照图6描述混合动力传动系统110的另一个实施方式。与图1中相同或相似的元件用相同的附图标记加上100表示。传动系110还包括内燃发动机112和两个旋转电机114、116。尽管第一EM 114位于变速器壳体内部，但是就动力传送而言，该第一EM仍然连接在离合器18的上游，因此这仍然被认为是P1/P3构造。
离合器装置118和180的内部构造稍微改变，但仍使用单向离合器，并以与图1相同的原理操作。
相对于第一实施方式，离合器装置118包括同轴安装的输入轴130和输出轴132。输入轴130经由安装到飞轮128的阻尼器146与发动机曲轴126旋转地成一体。离合器118还包括单向离合器150，该单向离合器具有设置在输入轴130上以与输入轴一起旋转(例如，经由花键连接)的内座圈152、与内座圈径向间隔开的输出座圈154、以及在内座圈和输出座圈之间的斜撑元件156。
离合器装置118还包括联接轮毂158、同步环160和联接套筒单元162。与图1相比，联接轮毂158在此与第一齿轮组合，并且因此包括与第二齿轮136啮合的附加环134。联接轮毂158例如通过输出轴132上的花键连接而与输出轴132旋转地联接。联接轮毂158的外径形成设置有花键特征部的外表面。
在此，联接套筒单元162包括一对套筒构件164.1、164.2，所述一对套筒构件可沿离合器轴线轴向移动，以使离合器以单向驱动或双向驱动的方式操作。套筒构件164.1、164.2中的每一个具有设置有花键特征部的内径，并且该内径与联接轮毂158、同步环160和外座圈154的外径匹配。
第一离合器致动器166被构造成选择性地致动彼此独立的两个套筒构件164.1和164.2。第一离合器致动器166可以包括一对电动马达，每个电动马达具有致动杆和接合联接套筒164.1和164.2的外表面上的联接特征部的联接元件。
图6所示的构造是空档位置(位置0)。联接套筒164.1仅位于联接轮毂158上，并由于它们的花键接合而与联接轮毂一起旋转。联接套筒164.2仅位于外座圈154上，并由于它们的花键接合而与外座圈一起旋转。
位置1“单向驱动”通过移动第一联接套筒164.1以进一步与同步环160和外座圈154接合而获得。在该构造中，第一联接套筒164.1、联接轮毂158、同步环160和外座圈154、以及第二联接套筒164.2以输出轴132的速度一起旋转。
位置2“双向驱动”通过轴向移动第二联接套筒164.2使得该第二联接套筒与外座圈154和设置在输入轴130上的辅助第一齿轮157两者接合而获得。齿轮157包括联接环153，该联接环的外径与外座圈154的外径相对应，并且该联接环设置有花键特征部。因此，当第二联接套筒164.2接合在外座圈154和联接环153上，并且第一联接套筒164.1处于位置1时，离合器装置118处于完全接合并且输入轴130与输出轴132直接联接。
以与关于图1所描述的相同的方式有利地完成换档过程。
在离合器118的下游，变速器包括设置在副轴137上的第二齿轮136，该第二齿轮进一步支撑辅助第二齿轮144和与驻车锁定致动器147协作的驻车轮毂145。辅助第二齿轮144与和差速器122联接的第三齿轮138啮合。
第二EM 116经由第二离合器140联接到变速器，该第二离合器包括具有内座圈172和外座圈174以及在内座圈和外座圈之间的斜撑元件170的单向离合器。第二EM116的马达轴116.3直接联接到轴178。内座圈172具有形成外花键联接环172.1的径向延伸部，该外花键联接环的外径与外座圈174的外径相对应，该径向延伸部连接到设置在轴178上的轮毂172.2。
外座圈174连接到同轴安装在轴178上的第四齿轮142。也就是说，与图1相反，第四齿轮142可相对于轴178旋转。
相对于第一实施方式，通过沿轴178的轴线使联接套筒180轴向移位，第二离合器140可以以单向驱动或双向驱动的方式操作。联接套筒180的外径与外座圈174和联接环172.1的外径相匹配。联接套筒180在其内表面上设置有花键特征部，该花键特征部可以接合外座圈174和联接环172.1上的花键特征部。
图6所示的位置是“双向驱动”。联接套筒180位于外座圈174和联接环172.1两者上。在这种构造中，转子116.2、轴178、内座圈172、外座圈174和第四齿轮172以相同的速度一起旋转。
在未示出的“单向驱动”构造中，联接套筒180将仅位于外座圈174上。
第二致动器184与联接套筒180相关联，以使联接套筒在两个位置之间选择性地移动。
最后，第一EM 114处于P1构造，其马达轴114.3直接联接到其上设置有第五齿轮190的轴188。该第五齿轮190与辅助第一齿轮157啮合。因此，第一EM 114与输入轴130永久地联接。

Claims (18)

1.一种用于混合动力车辆传动系的离合器装置，所述离合器装置包括：
输入轴(30)，所述输入轴连接到内燃发动机(12)的曲轴(26)；
输出轴(32)，所述输出轴用于连接到变速器(20)；
单向离合器(50)，所述单向离合器包括外座圈(54)和被连接成与所述输入轴(30)一起旋转的内座圈(52)；
联接轮毂(58)，所述联接轮毂与所述输出轴(32)旋转地联接；
同步环(60)，所述同步环布置在所述联接轮毂(58)和所述单向离合器(50)之间，所述同步环与所述单向离合器的所述外座圈协作；
联接套筒单元(62)，所述联接套筒单元能够横跨所述联接轮毂(58)、同步环(60)和外座圈(54)在以下三个位置之间选择性地且轴向地移动：空档位置；第一位置，在所述第一位置，所述联接套筒单元旋转地联接所述联接轮毂、所述同步环和所述外座圈；以及第二位置，在所述第二位置，所述联接套筒单元旋转地联接所述联接轮毂、所述同步环、所述外座圈和所述内座圈。
2.根据权利要求1所述的离合器装置，其中，
所述联接轮毂(58)、同步环(60)和外座圈(54)具有直径基本相同的外表面；
所述内座圈(52)具有径向偏移的联接环(53)，所述联接环的外表面具有与所述外座圈(54)相同的外径；
所述外表面具有花键特征部，并且所述联接套筒单元(62)具有协作的内部花键特征部。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的离合器装置，其中，所述单向离合器(50)是斜撑离合器，斜撑构件(56)布置在所述内座圈(52)与所述外座圈(54)之间。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的离合器装置，其中，所述输出轴(32)是圆柱形的并且与所述输入轴(30)同轴地布置以围绕所述输入轴旋转。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的离合器装置，其中，所述联接套筒单元包括一对套筒构件，所述套筒构件中的一个套筒构件(164.1)适于操作与所述第一位置对应的联接件，并且另一个套筒构件(164.2)适于操作与所述第二位置对应的联接件。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的离合器装置，所述离合器装置还包括致动装置(66)，所述致动装置由一个或多个电动马达驱动，所述致动装置被构造成允许选择性地将所述联接套筒单元(62)轴向移动到所述位置。
7.根据权利要求2所述的离合器装置，其中，所述联接套筒单元(62)和所述联接环(53)上的所述花键特征部(64.1、53.1)的相向的末端被设计成允许所述联接环的向后移动。
8.根据权利要求7所述的离合器装置，其中，所述末端能够是圆形的或倾斜的。
9.一种混合动力传动系统，所述混合动力传动系统包括：
内燃发动机(12)，所述内燃发动机具有曲轴(26)；
第一离合器装置(18)，所述第一离合器装置是根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的离合器装置并且被设置在所述发动机(12)和变速器(20)之间，其中，所述第一离合器装置(18)的所述输入轴(30)与所述曲轴(26)旋转地成一体，并且所述第一离合器装置(18)的所述输出轴(32)与所述变速器(20)以可操作的方式连接；
第一旋转电机(14)，所述第一旋转电机永久地联接到所述曲轴；
第二旋转电机(16)，所述第二旋转电机经由第二离合器装置(40)联接到所述变速器。
10.根据权利要求9所述的混合动力传动系统，其中，所述第一旋转电机(14)与所述曲轴直接联接。
11.根据权利要求10所述的混合动力传动系统，其中，所述第一旋转电机的转子固定到所述曲轴的飞轮(28)。
12.根据权利要求9所述的混合动力传动系统，其中，所述第一旋转电机以可驱动的方式联接到所述输入轴。
13.根据权利要求9至12中任一项所述的混合动力传动系统，其中，所述第二离合器装置(40)能够在单向或双向模式下操作。
14.根据权利要求13所述的混合动力传动系统，其中，所述第二离合器装置(40)包括：
单向离合器，所述单向离合器包括与所述第二旋转电机的转子(16.2)一起旋转的内座圈(72)和与所述变速器接合的外座圈(74)；
联接套筒(80)，所述联接套筒能够在第一位置和第二位置之间移动，其中，在所述第二位置，所述联接套筒(80)旋转地联接所述外座圈(74)和所述内座圈(72)。
15.根据权利要求14所述的混合动力传动系统，其中，
所述内座圈(72)包括径向偏移的联接环(82)，所述联接环具有与所述外座圈(74)基本上相同的外径；
所述外座圈(74)和所述联接环(82)在它们的外表面上具有花键特征部；
所述联接套筒(80)具有内部通道，所述内部通道的直径基本上与所述外座圈和所述联接环(82)的直径匹配，并且所述联接套筒设置有花键特征部。
16.根据权利要求9至12中任一项所述的混合动力传动系统，其中，所述内座圈与所述第二旋转电机的转子旋转地成一体；或者其中，所述内座圈安装在直接联接到所述第二旋转电机的马达轴的轴上。
17.根据权利要求16所述的混合动力传动系统，其中，所述内座圈固定到所述转子。
18.根据权利要求14所述的混合动力传动系统，所述混合动力传动系统包括中央处理单元，所述中央处理单元被构造成根据以下步骤操作所述第一离合器装置(18)的换档过程：
a)在所述发动机运行的情况下，所述离合器处于初始位置，检查所述输入轴(30)以比所述输出轴(32)低的速度旋转，然后命令致动装置(66)将同步套筒(64)移动到所述第一位置，从而也移动所述同步环(60)并使所述外座圈(54)加速以与所述输出轴(32)的速度匹配；
b)命令所述发动机(12)或所述第二旋转电机(16)赶上所述输出轴(32)的速度，由此所述内座圈(52)将达到所述外座圈(54)的速度；以及
c)命令所述致动装置(66)进一步将所述联接套筒单元(62)移动到所述第二位置，并且在这样做时略微降低所述输入轴(30)的速度，使得所述内座圈(52)相对于所述外座圈(54)存在向后移动，由此所述同步套筒(64)的花键将与所述内座圈的联接环(53)的花键接合。
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