CN106994172B - Traditional Chinese medicine composition and powder for preventing and treating prawn intestinal microsporidian and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Traditional Chinese medicine composition and powder for preventing and treating prawn intestinal microsporidian and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a traditional Chinese medicine composition and powder for preventing and treating prawn intestinal microsporidian and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicines. The traditional Chinese medicine composition comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 2-5 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 5-8 parts of scorched malt, 10-15 parts of stone-like omphalia, 5-8 parts of radix paeoniae alba, 10-14 parts of cyrtomium fortunei, 2-5 parts of calamus, 2-6 parts of radix stemonae, 4-7 parts of fructus ulmi, 3-7 parts of pericarpium citri reticulatae, 10-12 parts of radix puerariae, 3-6 parts of codonopsis pilosula and 6-8 parts of American ginseng. The powder provided by the invention is prepared from the following raw materials: the traditional Chinese medicine composition comprises 90-95% of the traditional Chinese medicine composition, 2-6% of glucuronolactone and 1-4% of astaxanthin. The preparation method of the invention adopts the combination of nano low-temperature wall breaking and lactobacillus lactis fermentation, improves the release speed of the traditional Chinese medicine, maintains the activity of the medicine, and improves the final utilization rate by 5 times.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of traditional Chinese medicines, and particularly relates to a traditional Chinese medicine composition and powder for preventing and treating prawn intestinal microsporidian and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The intestinal epithelial cell microsporidian mainly attacks the intestinal epidermis of the prawn to further infect the hepatopancreas, so that the intestinal absorption function of the prawn is reduced, and enteritis and hepatopancreas atrophy seriously appear. The prawn infects intestinal epithelial cell microsporidian, and the most obvious characteristic is that the growth speed becomes slow, which causes large individual difference of prawn. But the shrimps infected with intestinal epithelial cell microsporidian can not die, the appetite is not affected, and the shrimps can eat the feed normally.
At present, no effective measure for treating the intestinal epithelial cell microsporidian of the prawn is found, so that the prevention work is very important, for example, large brand high-quality prawn fries are selected and purchased, and the fries are prevented from being carried by strict detection; in the breeding area where the disease is found, water is changed as little as possible, and if the water needs to be changed, the breeding area needs to be disinfected; the water quality is regulated and stabilized by frequently using Bishui 'an', 'vitality carbon', 'Lijunduo II' and the like in the culture process, so that the diseases caused by water change are prevented; the feed is mixed and fed with 'LY-biotin + Liduojing + Nutrition fast line' for health care and benefiting intestinal tract, and the immunity of the prawns is enhanced; the bottom of the pond is improved by regularly using the 'fudi' to improve the environment of the bottom of the pond and reduce the breeding of sporulates. However, the aquaculture pond with the prawn intestinal microsporidian often faces the problems that prawn growth potential is poor, and cost investment is not in direct proportion to profit return.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating prawn intestinal microsporidian, which has the characteristics of strong insecticidal and insect-inhibiting effects.
The invention also aims to provide the powder for preventing and treating the intestinal microsporidian of the prawn, so that the powder has the characteristics of high utilization rate and quick drug effect release, and can effectively improve the autoimmunity of the prawn.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the powder for preventing and treating the prawn intestinal microsporidian, which has the characteristics of simple and convenient operation, good repeatability and low cost.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating prawn intestinal microsporidian, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of sophora flavescens, 2-5 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 5-8 parts of scorched malt, 10-15 parts of omphalia,
5-8 parts of white peony root, 10-14 parts of cyrtomium rhizome, 2-5 parts of calamus, 2-6 parts of radix stemonae, 4-7 parts of fructus ulmi, 3-7 parts of pericarpium citri reticulatae, 10-12 parts of radix puerariae, 3-6 parts of radix codonopsitis and 6-8 parts of American ginseng.
Preferably, the feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 3 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 7 parts of scorched malt, 13 parts of stone-like omphalia, 6 parts of radix paeoniae alba, 12 parts of cyrtomium rhizome, 3 parts of calamus, 4 parts of radix stemonae, 5 parts of fructus ulmi, 5 parts of pericarpium citri reticulatae, 11 parts of radix puerariae, 5 parts of radix codonopsis pilosulae and 7 parts of American ginseng.
The invention provides powder for preventing and treating prawn intestinal microsporidian, which is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
the traditional Chinese medicine composition accounts for 90 to 95 percent
2 to 6 percent of glucuronolactone
1 to 4 percent of astaxanthin.
Preferably, the material is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
the traditional Chinese medicine composition is 94 percent
Glucuronolactone 4%
2% of astaxanthin.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the powder for preventing and treating the prawn intestinal microsporidian, which comprises the following steps:
1) crushing the raw materials of the traditional Chinese medicine composition to 600-1000 meshes to obtain traditional Chinese medicine powder;
2) inoculating lactobacillus lactis to the traditional Chinese medicine powder obtained in the step 1) for fermentation, and drying the obtained fermentation product;
3) carrying out enzymolysis on the fermentation product obtained in the step 2) under the action of a complex enzyme to obtain an enzymolysis product; the compound enzyme comprises the following enzymes in percentage by weight: 15-22% of xylanase, 8-12% of pectinase, 20-25% of neutral protease, 3-5% of papain, 15-25% of cellulase, 2-5% of galactosidase and 10-18% of lipase;
4) and mixing the enzymolysis product with glucuronolactone and astaxanthin to obtain the powder of the prawn intestinal microsporidian.
Preferably, the inoculation amount of the freeze-dried lactobacillus lactis is 10-100 hundred million CFU/g.
Preferably, the type of fermentation of step 2) is anaerobic fermentation; the fermentation time is 5-8 days; the fermentation temperature is 20-35 ℃.
Preferably, the activities of various enzymes in the compound enzyme are as follows: 3000-50000 IU/g xylanase, 25000-30000 IU/g pectinase, 35000-50000 IU/g neutral protease, 8000-1000 IU/g papain, 150000-200000U/g cellulase, 3500-5000 IU/g galactosidase and 16000-20000U/g lipase.
Preferably, the enzymolysis temperature is 30-35 ℃; the enzymolysis time is 10-20 min.
Preferably, water is added into the traditional Chinese medicine powder before fermentation in the step 2); the added water accounts for 38-40% of the mass of the traditional Chinese medicine powder.
The invention provides a traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating prawn intestinal microsporidian, which comprises the following raw materials in percentage: 3-5 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 2-5 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 5-8 parts of scorched malt, 10-15 parts of stone-like omphalia, 5-8 parts of radix paeoniae alba, 10-14 parts of cyrtomium fortunei, 2-5 parts of calamus, 2-6 parts of radix stemonae, 4-7 parts of fructus ulmi, 3-7 parts of pericarpium citri reticulatae, 10-12 parts of radix puerariae, 3-6 parts of codonopsis pilosula and 6-8 parts of American ginseng. The sophora flavescens plays a role in killing insects and expelling parasites, but can cause damage to intestinal tissues, and other products mainly play an auxiliary role in strengthening spleen, stimulating appetite, protecting liver and pancreas and the like. The invention has the effect of playing the drug effect in a synergistic way by compounding 13 traditional Chinese medicines.
The invention provides powder for preventing and treating prawn intestinal microsporidian, which is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: the traditional Chinese medicine composition comprises 90-95% of the traditional Chinese medicine composition, 2-6% of glucuronolactone and 1-4% of astaxanthin. The traditional Chinese medicine composition synergistically exerts the drug effects of killing insects and expelling parasites, and meanwhile, glucuronolactone is added to protect liver and pancreas and reduce drug stress; the natural astaxanthin is added, which is beneficial to improving the autoimmunity of the prawns. The powder for preventing and treating intestinal microsporidian of prawns provided by the invention can effectively prevent and treat the intestinal microsporidian infection disease of prawns.
The preparation method of the powder for preventing and treating the prawn intestinal microsporidian, provided by the invention, comprises the following steps of: 1) crushing the raw materials of the traditional Chinese medicine composition to 600-1000 meshes to obtain traditional Chinese medicine powder; 2) inoculating lactobacillus lactis to the traditional Chinese medicine powder obtained in the step 1) for fermentation to obtain a fermentation product; 3) carrying out enzymolysis on the fermentation product obtained in the step 2) under the action of a complex enzyme to obtain an enzymolysis product; the compound enzyme comprises the following enzymes in percentage by weight: 20% of xylanase, 10% of pectinase, 25% of neutral protease, 5% of papain, 20% of cellulase, 5% of galactosidase and 15% of lipase; 4) and mixing the enzymolysis product with glucuronolactone and astaxanthin to obtain the powder of the prawn intestinal microsporidian. The preparation method provided by the invention adopts nano low-temperature wall breaking combined with freeze-dried lactobacillus lactis fermentation, so that the release speed of the traditional Chinese medicine is increased, the activity of the medicine is kept, the final utilization rate is increased by 5 times, and meanwhile, the compound enzyme is added for enzymolysis, so that the attachment of intestinal microsporidia can be effectively reduced, and the prevention and treatment effects are improved.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating prawn intestinal microsporidian, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 2-5 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 5-8 parts of scorched malt, 10-15 parts of stone-like omphalia, 5-8 parts of radix paeoniae alba, 10-14 parts of cyrtomium fortunei, 2-5 parts of calamus, 2-6 parts of radix stemonae, 4-7 parts of fructus ulmi, 3-7 parts of pericarpium citri reticulatae, 10-12 parts of radix puerariae, 3-6 parts of codonopsis pilosula and 6-8 parts of American ginseng.
The raw material of the traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating the prawn intestinal microsporidian comprises radix sophorae flavescentis. The sophora flavescens accounts for 3-5 parts by weight, and more preferably 4 parts by weight. The radix Sophorae Flavescentis has effects of killing parasite and expelling parasite.
The raw materials of the traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating the prawn intestinal microsporidian comprise astragalus. The astragalus membranaceus accounts for 2-5 parts by weight, and 3 parts by weight is more preferable. The radix astragali is rich in astragalus polysaccharides, and has the function of improving the immunity of prawns.
The raw materials of the traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating the prawn intestinal microsporidian comprise scorched malt. The weight portion of the scorched malt is 5-8, and the preferable weight portion is 7. The parched fructus Hordei Germinatus has digestion promoting effect.
The raw materials of the traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating the prawn intestinal microsporidian comprise omphalia. The omphalia is 10-15 parts by weight, and more preferably 13 parts by weight. The Omphalia has the effects of expelling parasites and removing food retention.
The raw materials of the traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating the prawn intestinal microsporidian comprise white paeony root. The white peony root is 5-8 parts by weight, and more preferably 6 parts by weight. The radix Paeoniae alba has effects of protecting liver and pancreas.
The traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating the prawn intestinal microsporidian comprises cyrtomium rhizome. The weight portion of the cyrtomium rhizome is 10-14, and the preferable weight portion is 12. The rhizoma Osmundae has anthelmintic effect.
The raw materials of the traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating the prawn intestinal microsporidian comprise calamus. The drug comprises 2-5 parts of calamus, and more preferably 3 parts of calamus. The rhizoma Acori Calami has effect of assisting in expelling parasites.
The raw materials of the traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating the prawn intestinal microsporidian comprise radix stemonae. The stemona root is 2-6 parts by weight, and more preferably 4 parts by weight. The radix Stemonae has effect of assisting in expelling parasites.
The raw materials of the traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating the prawn intestinal microsporidian comprise fructus ulmi. The fructus ulmi is 4-7 parts by weight, and more preferably 5 parts by weight. The fructus Ulmus Preparatium has anthelmintic and digestion promoting effects.
The raw materials of the traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating the prawn intestinal microsporidian comprise dried orange peel. The dried orange peel accounts for 3-7 parts by weight, and preferably 5 parts by weight. The pericarpium Citri Tangerinae has effects of promoting digestion and absorption.
The traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating the prawn intestinal microsporidian comprises the raw materials of kudzu roots. The kudzuvine root is 10-12 parts by weight, and the preferable proportion is 11 parts by weight. The radix Puerariae has effects of improving prawn immunity and promoting digestion.
The traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating the prawn intestinal microsporidian comprises codonopsis pilosula as raw materials. The codonopsis pilosula accounts for 3-6 parts by weight, and is more preferably 5 parts by weight. The radix Codonopsis has the effect of protecting liver and pancreas of prawn.
The raw materials of the traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating the prawn intestinal microsporidian comprise American ginseng. The American ginseng is 6-8 parts by weight, and the preferable part is 7 parts by weight. The radix Panacis Quinquefolii has effects of improving prawn immunity.
In the invention, the lightyellow sophora root, the cyrtomium rhizome and the omphalia in the 13 traditional Chinese medicines are monarch medicines and play a role in mainly expelling intestinal microsporidian of the prawn; the calamus, the fructus ulmi and the radix stemonae are ministerial drugs and play a role in assisting in expelling intestinal microsporidia of the prawns; radix astragali, radix Codonopsis, radix Panacis Quinquefolii and radix Paeoniae alba are adjuvant drugs, play a role in restricting drug toxicity, improving prawn immunity and protecting prawn liver and pancreas; the charred malt, dried orange peel and kudzu vine root are used as guiding drugs and play a role in improving the digestion of the drugs.
In the invention, the preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine composition comprises the following steps:
A. crushing the traditional Chinese medicine composition obtained by the scheme to obtain traditional Chinese medicine powder;
B. b, mixing the traditional Chinese medicine powder obtained in the step A with water, and leaching to obtain a traditional Chinese medicine leaching liquor;
C. and C, filtering the traditional Chinese medicine leaching liquor obtained in the step B, and collecting filtrate to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine composition.
In the present invention, the method of pulverization is not particularly limited, and pulverization methods known to those skilled in the art may be used. The particle size of the crushed traditional Chinese medicine composition is preferably 600-1000 meshes.
In the invention, the mass-to-water volume ratio of the traditional Chinese medicine powder is 1 mg: 10-20 ml, more preferably 1 mg: 15 ml.
In the present invention, the leaching method is not particularly limited, and a leaching method known to those skilled in the art may be used. The leaching temperature is preferably 60 ℃ to 80 ℃.
In the present invention, the filtration method is not particularly limited, and a filtration method known to those skilled in the art may be used. The aperture of the filtration is preferably 600-1000 meshes.
In the invention, the filtering preferably includes concentrating and drying the filtrate to obtain the traditional Chinese medicine composition.
The concentration method adopts a vacuum concentration method, and adopts a vacuum concentration method well known by the technical personnel in the field. The concentration temperature is preferably 60-80 ℃, and more preferably 70 ℃; the concentration time is preferably 10 to 30min, more preferably 20 min. The drying temperature is preferably 50 ℃ to 80 ℃, more preferably 65 ℃. The drying degree is preferably that the water content of the traditional Chinese medicine powder is not higher than 5%.
The invention provides powder for preventing and treating prawn intestinal microsporidian, which is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
the traditional Chinese medicine composition accounts for 90 to 95 percent
2 to 6 percent of glucuronolactone
1 to 4 percent of astaxanthin.
The raw materials of the powder for preventing and treating the prawn intestinal microsporidian provided by the invention comprise the traditional Chinese medicine composition. The traditional Chinese medicine composition accounts for 90-95% of the total mass of the raw materials, and is more preferably 94% of the total mass of the raw materials.
The raw material of the powder for preventing and treating the prawn intestinal microsporidian provided by the invention comprises glucuronolactone. The mass percentage of the glucuronolactone is 2 to 6%, more preferably 4%, based on 100% of the total mass of the raw materials. In the present invention, the source of the glucuronolactone is not particularly limited, and glucuronolactone known to those skilled in the art may be used.
The raw material of the powder for preventing and treating the prawn intestinal microsporidian provided by the invention comprises astaxanthin. The astaxanthin accounts for 1 to 4 percent by mass, and is more preferably 2 percent by mass, based on 100 percent by mass of the total mass of the raw materials. In the present invention, the source of astaxanthin is not particularly limited, and astaxanthin known to those skilled in the art may be used. The astaxanthin is preferably natural levo r' r-astaxanthin.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the powder for preventing and treating the prawn intestinal microsporidian, which comprises the following steps:
1) crushing the raw materials of the traditional Chinese medicine composition to 600-1000 meshes to obtain traditional Chinese medicine powder;
2) inoculating lactobacillus lactis into the traditional Chinese medicine powder obtained in the step 1) for fermentation, and drying the obtained fermentation product;
3) carrying out enzymolysis on the fermentation product obtained in the step 2) under the action of a complex enzyme to obtain an enzymolysis product; the compound enzyme comprises the following enzymes in percentage by weight: 15-22% of xylanase, 8-12% of pectinase, 20-25% of neutral protease, 3-5% of papain, 15-25% of cellulase, 2-5% of galactosidase and 10-18% of lipase;
4) and mixing the enzymolysis product with glucuronolactone and astaxanthin to obtain the powder of the prawn intestinal microsporidian.
The traditional Chinese medicine composition is prepared by crushing the raw materials of the traditional Chinese medicine composition to 600-1000 meshes to obtain traditional Chinese medicine powder.
In the present invention, the method of pulverization is not particularly limited, and a method of pulverization known to those skilled in the art may be used. The particle size of the raw materials of the traditional Chinese medicine composition is preferably 800 meshes.
In the invention, the method for crushing the traditional Chinese medicine composition comprises the steps of respectively crushing the raw materials and then mixing the raw materials, or firstly mixing the raw materials and then crushing the raw materials to obtain traditional Chinese medicine powder.
The invention inoculates lactobacillus lactis to the traditional Chinese medicine powder for fermentation to obtain a fermentation product.
In the invention, the lactobacillus lactis inoculation amount is preferably 10-100 hundred million CFU/g of traditional Chinese medicine powder, and more preferably 50 hundred million CFU/g of traditional Chinese medicine powder. The method of the inoculation is not particularly limited, and a method of inoculation known to those skilled in the art may be employed.
In the present invention, the type of fermentation is preferably anaerobic fermentation; the method of the anaerobic fermentation is not particularly limited, and an anaerobic fermentation method known to those skilled in the art may be used.
In the invention, the fermentation time is preferably 5-8 days, and more preferably 7 days. The fermentation temperature is preferably 20-35 ℃, and more preferably 25-32 ℃.
According to the invention, aromatic substances and immune lactic acid bacteria fragments can be generated while lactobacillus lactis is fermented, so that the palatability of the feed can be improved, and the active immunity level of shrimp bodies can be improved.
In the present invention, it is preferable to add water to the Chinese medicinal powder before fermentation. The added water accounts for 38-40% of the weight of the traditional Chinese medicine powder preferably, and the added water accounts for 39% of the weight of the traditional Chinese medicine powder more preferably.
In the present invention, it is preferable to dry the fermentation product after the fermentation is completed. The drying temperature is preferably 28-32 ℃, and more preferably 30 ℃. And finishing the drying until the moisture is not higher than 20%.
After a fermentation product is obtained, the fermentation product is subjected to enzymolysis under the action of a complex enzyme to obtain an enzymolysis product; the compound enzyme comprises the following enzymes in percentage by weight: 15-22% of xylanase, 8-12% of pectinase, 20-25% of neutral protease, 3-5% of papain, 15-25% of cellulase, 2-5% of galactosidase and 10-18% of lipase.
In the invention, the compound enzyme preferably comprises the following enzymes in percentage by weight: 20% of xylanase, 10% of pectinase, 25% of neutral protease, 5% of papain, 20% of cellulase, 5% of galactosidase and 15% of lipase. The source of the complex enzyme is not particularly limited, and the source of the complex enzyme known by a person skilled in the art can be adopted. The activities of various enzymes in the compound enzyme are preferably as follows: 3000-50000 IU/g xylanase, 25000-30000 IU/g pectinase, 35000-50000 IU/g neutral protease, 8000-1000 IU/g papain, 150000-200000U/g cellulase, 3500-5000 IU/g galactosidase and 16000-20000U/g lipase, more preferably 50000U/g xylanase, 30000U/g pectinase, 50000U/g neutral protease, 1000U/g papain, 200000U/g cellulase, 5000U/g galactosidase and 20000U/g lipase.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the fermentation product to the complex enzyme is 1-150: 1 to 250, and more preferably 200.
After obtaining the enzymolysis product, the invention mixes the enzymolysis product with glucuronolactone and astaxanthin to obtain the powder of prawn intestinal microsporidian.
In the present invention, the mixing method is not particularly limited, and a mixing method known to those skilled in the art may be used.
The traditional Chinese medicine composition and the powder for preventing and treating the prawn intestinal microsporidian provided by the invention or the application of the powder prepared by the method in preparing a medicine for preventing and treating the prawn intestinal microsporidian.
The following will describe in detail the Chinese medicinal composition, powder and preparation method thereof for preventing and treating prawn intestinal microsporidian provided by the present invention with reference to several groups of control experimental tables, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Weighing the following traditional Chinese medicines, namely 3g of radix sophorae flavescentis, 5g of astragalus membranaceus, 5g of scorched malt, 15g of stone-like omphalia, 5g of radix paeoniae alba, 14g of cyrtomium rhizome, 2g of calamus, 6g of radix stemonae, 4g of fructus ulmi, 7g of pericarpium citri reticulatae, 10g of radix puerariae, 6g of codonopsis pilosula and 6g of American ginseng. Pulverizing the above composition to 800 mesh to obtain Chinese medicinal powder; mixing the traditional Chinese medicine powder and water according to the weight ratio of 1 mg: mixing 10ml, leaching at 70 deg.C for 2 hr to obtain Chinese medicinal leaching solution; filtering the leaching solution, collecting filtrate, concentrating the filtrate at 60 deg.C under evacuated state for 20min to obtain concentrated extract, and drying at 65 deg.C to obtain Chinese medicinal composition.
Example 2
Weighing the following traditional Chinese medicines, 5g of radix sophorae flavescentis, 2g of radix astragali, 8g of scorched malt, 10g of stone-like omphalia, 8g of radix paeoniae alba, 14g of cyrtomium rhizome, 2g of calamus, 6g of radix stemonae, 4g of fructus ulmi, 7g of pericarpium citri reticulatae, 10g of radix puerariae, 6g of radix codonopsitis and 6g of American ginseng. Pulverizing the above composition to 800 mesh to obtain Chinese medicinal powder; mixing the traditional Chinese medicine powder and water according to the weight ratio of 1 mg: mixing 10ml, leaching at 80 deg.C for 2 hr to obtain Chinese medicinal leaching solution; filtering the leaching solution, collecting filtrate, concentrating the filtrate at 70 deg.C under vacuum condition for 20min to obtain concentrated extract, and drying at 65 deg.C to obtain Chinese medicinal composition.
Example 3
Weighing the following traditional Chinese medicines, 4g of radix sophorae flavescentis, 3g of radix astragali, 7g of scorched malt, 13g of stone-like omphalia, 6g of radix paeoniae alba, 12g of cyrtomium rhizome, 3g of calamus, 4g of radix stemonae, 5g of fructus ulmi, 5g of pericarpium citri reticulatae, 11g of radix puerariae, 5g of radix codonopsitis and 7g of American ginseng. Pulverizing the above composition to 1600 mesh to obtain Chinese medicinal powder; mixing the traditional Chinese medicine powder and water according to the weight ratio of 1 mg: mixing 10ml, leaching at 80 deg.C for 2 hr to obtain Chinese medicinal leaching solution; filtering the leaching solution, collecting filtrate, concentrating the filtrate at 70 deg.C under vacuum condition for 20min to obtain concentrated extract, and drying at 65 deg.C to obtain Chinese medicinal composition.
Dissolving the traditional Chinese medicine composition prepared in the embodiment 1-3 to form a liquid medicine with the mass concentration of 1%, wherein the volume of the liquid medicine and the mass of the prawn feed are mixed according to the volume-mass ratio of 3 ml: mixing and stirring 7g of the components, feeding the ill prawn once a day for 7 days continuously, interrupting for 7 days, and then feeding continuously for 7 days for treatment of one course.
The treatment result shows that after one course of treatment is finished, the effects of the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 are not obviously different, and the insecticidal rate of the microsporidian in the prawn intestinal tract is 62-70%; the insecticidal rate of the traditional Chinese medicine composition prepared in the embodiment 3 on the prawn intestinal tract microsporidian is 55-65%, and the effect is slightly poor compared with the effect of the traditional Chinese medicine composition prepared in the embodiments 1 and 2.
Example 4
Weighing 2 parts of the same traditional Chinese medicines, namely 3g of radix sophorae flavescentis, 5g of astragalus membranaceus, 5g of scorched malt, 15g of stone-like omphalia, 5g of radix paeoniae alba, 14g of cyrtomium rhizome, 2g of calamus, 6g of radix stemonae, 4g of fructus ulmi, 7g of pericarpium citri reticulatae, 10g of radix puerariae, 6g of codonopsis pilosula and 6g of American ginseng.
Mixing the two parts of the traditional Chinese medicine raw materials, and crushing the mixture to 600 meshes to obtain traditional Chinese medicine powder; adding water into the two parts of the traditional Chinese medicine powder, wherein the added water accounts for 38% of the traditional Chinese medicine powder by mass. Inoculating lactobacillus lactis into the two parts of traditional Chinese medicine powder for anaerobic fermentation, wherein one group adopts a nano low-temperature fermentation technology, the fermentation time is 5 days, and the fermentation temperature is 20 ℃; and the other group is fermented at normal temperature, specifically, the fermentation time is 5 days, and the fermentation temperature is 35 ℃. Drying the two groups of obtained fermentation products to ensure that the water content is not higher than 20%; the inoculation amount of the lactobacillus lactis is 10 hundred million CFU/g of traditional Chinese medicine powder; carrying out enzymolysis on the two groups of fermentation products for 15 minutes at 30 ℃ under the action of a compound enzyme to obtain two groups of enzymolysis products; the compound enzyme comprises the following enzymes in percentage by weight: 22% of xylanase, 8% of pectinase, 25% of neutral protease, 3% of papain, 25% of cellulase, 2% of galactosidase and 15% of lipase; the activities of various enzymes in the compound enzyme are preferably as follows: 50000U/g xylanase, 30000U/g pectinase, 50000U/g neutral protease, 1000U/g papain, 200000U/g cellulase, 5000U/g galactosidase and 20000U/g lipase. Mixing the two groups of enzymolysis products according to the traditional Chinese medicine composition of 90%, the glucuronic acid lactone of 6% and the astaxanthin of 4% to obtain the powder of the prawn intestinal microsporidian.
Mixing the powder and prawn feed according to the ratio of 3g to 1000g, stirring, feeding the ill prawn once a day for 7 days, interrupting for 7 days, and feeding for 7 days again for a treatment course. The experimental effect shows that: the drug effect of the prawn intestinal microsporidian powder prepared by adopting the nano low-temperature treatment method is superior to that of the prawn intestinal microsporidian powder prepared at 35 ℃ under the condition of adopting the same process and enzymolysis technology in the later stage. The prawn intestinal tract microsporidian powder prepared by adopting a nano low-temperature treatment method has the insecticidal rate of 65-82% on prawn intestinal tract microsporidian and the death rate of 4-10% on prawn; the prawn intestinal tract microsporidian powder prepared at the temperature of 35 ℃ has obviously low insecticidal rate of 55-68% to prawn intestinal tract microsporidian and the death rate of prawns is 6-15%.
Example 5
Weighing two parts of the same traditional Chinese medicines, namely 5g of radix sophorae flavescentis, 2g of astragalus membranaceus, 8g of scorched malt, 10g of stone-like omphalia, 5-8 g of radix paeoniae alba, 14g of cyrtomium fortunei, 2g of calamus, 6g of radix stemonae, 4g of fructus ulmi, 7g of pericarpium citri reticulatae, 10g of radix puerariae, 6g of codonopsis pilosula and 6g of American ginseng.
Mixing the two parts of the traditional Chinese medicine raw materials, and crushing the mixture to 1000 meshes to obtain traditional Chinese medicine powder; adding water into the two parts of the traditional Chinese medicine powder, wherein the added water accounts for 40% of the traditional Chinese medicine powder by mass. Inoculating lactobacillus lactis into the two parts of the traditional Chinese medicine powder for anaerobic fermentation, wherein the fermentation time is 8 days, the fermentation temperature is 20 ℃, and the obtained fermentation product is dried to ensure that the water content is not higher than 20%; the inoculation amount of the lactobacillus lactis is 100 hundred million CFU/g of traditional Chinese medicine powder; carrying out enzymolysis on the two fermentation products for 15 minutes at 35 ℃ under the action of complex enzyme to obtain an enzymolysis product; the compound enzyme comprises the following enzymes in percentage by weight: 20% of xylanase, 12% of pectinase, 20% of neutral protease, 5% of papain, 20% of cellulase, 5% of galactosidase and 18% of lipase; the activities of various enzymes in the compound enzyme are preferably as follows: 50000U/g xylanase, 30000U/g pectinase, 50000U/g neutral protease, 1000U/g papain, 200000U/g cellulase, 5000U/g galactosidase and 20000U/g lipase. Mixing one part of the enzymolysis product with 95% of the traditional Chinese medicine composition, 2% of glucuronolactone and 3% of astaxanthin to obtain powder of prawn intestinal microsporidian; the other part was free of glucuronolactone and astaxanthin. The powder prepared above was controlled using the application method of example 4.
Mixing the powder and prawn feed according to the ratio of 3g to 1000g, stirring, feeding the ill prawn once a day for 7 days, interrupting for 7 days, and feeding for 7 days again for a treatment course. The experimental effect shows that: the efficacy of the powder of the prawn intestinal microsporidian prepared by adding the glucuronolactone and the astaxanthin is better than that of the powder of the prawn intestinal microsporidian prepared by not adding the glucuronolactone and the astaxanthin. The powder of the prawn intestinal microsporidian prepared by adding the glucuronolactone and the astaxanthin has the insecticidal rate of 69-86% on the prawn intestinal microsporidian and the death rate of 3-8% on the prawn; the powder of the prawn intestinal microsporidian prepared without adding glucuronolactone and astaxanthin has an insecticidal rate of 55-68% on the prawn intestinal microsporidian and a mortality rate of 18-42% on the prawn.
Example 6
Weighing two parts of the same raw materials by weight: 4g of radix sophorae flavescentis, 3g of astragalus membranaceus, 7g of scorched malt, 13g of stone-like omphalia, 6g of radix paeoniae alba, 12g of cyrtomium rhizome, 3g of calamus, 4g of radix stemonae, 5g of fructus ulmi, 5g of pericarpium citri reticulatae, 11g of radix puerariae, 5g of codonopsis pilosula and 7g of American ginseng.
Mixing the two parts of the traditional Chinese medicine raw materials, and crushing the mixture to 800 meshes to obtain traditional Chinese medicine powder; adding water into the two parts of traditional Chinese medicine powder, wherein the added water accounts for 39% of the traditional Chinese medicine powder by mass. Inoculating lactobacillus lactis into the two parts of the traditional Chinese medicine powder for anaerobic fermentation, wherein the fermentation time is 6 days, the fermentation temperature is 25 ℃, and the obtained fermentation product is dried to ensure that the water content is not higher than 20%; the inoculation amount of the lactobacillus lactis is 50 hundred million CFU/g of traditional Chinese medicine powder; performing enzymolysis on one group of fermentation products at 30 ℃ for 20 minutes under the action of complex enzyme to obtain enzymolysis products; and the other group of fermentation products is not subjected to enzymolysis. The compound enzyme comprises the following enzymes in percentage by weight: 20% of xylanase, 10% of pectinase, 25% of neutral protease, 5% of papain, 20% of cellulase, 5% of galactosidase and 15% of lipase; the activities of various enzymes in the compound enzyme are as follows: 50000U/g xylanase, 30000U/g pectinase, 50000U/g neutral protease, 1000U/g papain, 200000U/g cellulase, 5000U/g galactosidase and 20000U/g lipase. And mixing the enzymolysis product and the fermentation product according to the weight percentage of the traditional Chinese medicine composition of 93 percent, the weight percentage of glucuronic acid lactone of 3 percent and the weight percentage of astaxanthin of 2 percent to obtain the powder of the prawn intestinal microsporidian. The powder prepared above was controlled using the application method of example 4.
Mixing the powder and prawn feed according to the ratio of 3g to 1000g, stirring, feeding the ill prawn once a day for 7 days, interrupting for 7 days, and feeding for 7 days again for a treatment course. The experimental effect shows that: the powder of prawn intestinal microsporidian prepared by enzymolysis has better drug effect than the powder of prawn intestinal microsporidian prepared without enzymolysis. The powder of the prawn intestinal microsporidian prepared by enzymolysis has the insecticidal rate of 72-88% to the prawn intestinal microsporidian and the death rate of 3-6% to the prawn; the powder of the prawn intestinal microsporidian prepared without enzymolysis has the insecticidal rate of 52-75% on the prawn intestinal microsporidian and the death rate of 5-12% on the prawn.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A traditional Chinese medicine composition for preventing and treating prawn intestinal microsporidian comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 2-5 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 5-8 parts of scorched malt, 10-15 parts of stone-like omphalia, 5-8 parts of radix paeoniae alba, 10-14 parts of cyrtomium fortunei, 2-5 parts of calamus, 2-6 parts of radix stemonae, 4-7 parts of fructus ulmi, 3-7 parts of pericarpium citri reticulatae, 10-12 parts of radix puerariae, 3-6 parts of codonopsis pilosula and 6-8 parts of American ginseng.
2. The traditional Chinese medicine composition according to claim 1, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4 parts of radix sophorae flavescentis, 3 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 7 parts of scorched malt, 13 parts of stone-like omphalia, 6 parts of radix paeoniae alba, 12 parts of cyrtomium rhizome, 3 parts of calamus, 4 parts of radix stemonae, 5 parts of fructus ulmi, 5 parts of pericarpium citri reticulatae, 11 parts of radix puerariae, 5 parts of radix codonopsis pilosulae and 7 parts of American ginseng.
3. The powder for preventing and treating the prawn intestinal microsporidian is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
the Chinese medicinal composition of claim 1 or 2 90-95%
2 to 6 percent of glucuronolactone
1% -4% of astaxanthin;
the preparation method of the powder comprises the following steps: pulverizing the raw materials of the traditional Chinese medicine composition to obtain traditional Chinese medicine powder, inoculating lactobacillus into the traditional Chinese medicine powder to obtain a fermentation product, performing enzymolysis on the fermentation product to obtain an enzymolysis product, and mixing the enzymolysis product with glucolactone and astaxanthin to obtain the powder of the shrimp intestinal tract microsporidian.
4. The powder of claim 3, which is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass:
the traditional Chinese medicine composition is 94 percent
Glucuronolactone 4%
2% of astaxanthin.
5. A method of preparing a powder formulation as claimed in claim 3, comprising the steps of:
1) crushing the raw materials of the traditional Chinese medicine composition of claim 1 or 2 to 600-1000 meshes to obtain traditional Chinese medicine powder;
2) inoculating lactobacillus lactis to the traditional Chinese medicine powder obtained in the step 1) for fermentation, and drying the obtained fermentation product;
3) carrying out enzymolysis on the fermentation product obtained in the step 2) under the action of a complex enzyme to obtain an enzymolysis product; the compound enzyme comprises the following enzymes in percentage by weight: 15-22% of xylanase, 8-12% of pectinase, 20-25% of neutral protease, 3-5% of papain, 15-25% of cellulase, 2-5% of galactosidase and 10-18% of lipase;
4) mixing the enzymolysis product with glucuronolactone and astaxanthin to obtain the powder of prawn intestinal microsporidian.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the lactobacillus lactis is inoculated in an amount of 10 to 100 hundred million CFU/g.
7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the type of fermentation of step 2) is anaerobic fermentation; the fermentation time is 5-8 days; the fermentation temperature is 20-35 ℃.
8. The preparation method of claim 5, wherein the activities of various enzymes in the complex enzyme are as follows: 3000-50000 IU/g xylanase, 25000-30000 IU/g pectinase, 35000-50000 IU/g neutral protease, 8000-1000 IU/g papain, 150000-200000U/g cellulase, 3500-5000 IU/g galactosidase and 16000-20000U/g lipase.
9. The preparation method according to claim 5, wherein the temperature of enzymolysis is 30-35 ℃; the enzymolysis time is 10-20 min.
10. The method according to claim 5, wherein water is added to the Chinese medicinal powder before fermentation in step 2); the added water accounts for 38-40% of the mass of the traditional Chinese medicine powder.
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