CN1069895C - 军团菌属特异性抗生素、产生该抗生素的微生物和生产方法 - Google Patents
军团菌属特异性抗生素、产生该抗生素的微生物和生产方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
公开了一种新颖的军团菌特异性抗生系AL072,产生该抗生素的新的链霉菌属种AL91,以及生产该抗生素的方法。该抗生素化合物的结构由式(a)表示。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及新的军团菌属(Legionella)特异性抗生素AL072,产生该抗生素的新的链霉菌属种AL91,以及生产该抗生素的方法。
发明背景
嗜肺军团菌(Legionella pneumophila)是军团菌属感染的致病原,已知它会导致军团病(Legionnaires′disease)或Pontiac热。自从该细菌在美国费城首先被分离后,已有报道,在包括美国在内的世界各地已经从各种不同病人和环境中得到了军团菌属种的许多分离株,而且鉴别了10种或更多的品种。嗜肺军团菌是能够造成肺炎的病原体中的一种,而且认为5%肺炎发病率是由嗜肺军团菌造成的。嗜肺军团菌生长在空调的冷凝塔、自来水管、排水管等地方,据信通过吸入污染的气溶胶而在呼吸器官中发生感染。在1984年7月,在汉城Koryo医院的病人和护理医疗人员中发生的肺炎,其不甚明了的症状似乎是有军团菌属种造成的,这一令人吃惊的事实招致了批评。根据1985年由国立卫生研究院完成的调查结果,在汉城中的至少90%空调冷凝塔被军团菌属种所污染,而且93%分离的军团菌属被鉴定为嗜肺军团菌。由国立卫生研究院在1988年6-8月间在国内主要城市如汉城、釜山、大田等中完成的另一调查揭示,83%分离的军团菌属被归类为嗜肺军团菌血清群1。
已知大环内酯抗生素如红霉素和喹诺酮抗生素如利福平可抗军团菌属种,而且已经用于治疗军团菌属感染。然而,除了对军团菌属种之外,这些抗生素对各种不同微生物也有广谱的抗菌活性。在这方面,长时间滥用这类微生物不仅会产生对各种微生物的抗性,而且会造成有害问题比如破坏人体中微生物的平衡。
此外,还有严重问题,用于消毒空调冷凝塔(军团菌属种的污染源)的化学试剂会污染环境和腐蚀空调设备。
因此,需要开发新的军团菌属特异性抗生素,它特异性地仅针对军团菌属种有活性,从而可以减少不利问题。我们数年来深入研究了土壤微生物以期开发出这样的抗生素。最后,我们成功地分离出一种产生军团菌属特异性抗生素的链霉菌属种,并纯化了新的、仅针对军团菌属种的特异性活性抗生素,该抗生素被称为抗生素AL072。
发明概述
附图描述
图1显示了抗生素物质AL072的紫外线吸收光谱。
图2显示了抗生素物质AL072的红外线吸收光谱。
图3显示了用FAB/MS测量的抗生素物质AL072的质谱。
图4显示了抗生素物质AL072的400MHz质子核磁共振谱。
图5显示了抗生素物质AL072的100MHz质子核磁共振谱。
发明详述
微生物
用于产生军团菌属特异性抗生素物质AL072的微生物是链霉菌属种AL91(Streptomyces sp.AL91)。根据关于为了专利程序而保藏微生物的国际承认方面的布达佩斯条约,该微生物保藏于1994年6月2日保藏在韩国汉城的“韩国微生物保藏中心”(Korean Culture Center of Microorganisms)的永久收集物中,该有机体的亚培养物可从保藏机构中在保藏号KCCM 10055下获得。除了此处描述和定性的具体微生物之外,应理解,也可以培养该微生物的突变体(例如通过使用X射线、紫外线辐射或氮芥而产生突变体)来产生抗生素物质AL072。
链霉菌属种AL91的分离是这样实现的:摇动10ml无菌蒸馏水中的1.0g干燥土壤样品,将0.1ml土壤悬浮液的稀释液接种于补充有放线菌酮(50μg/ml)和萘啶酮酸(200μg/ml)的腐殖酸-维生素琼脂上,在28℃温度下培养平板14-21天。培养基在121℃灭菌15分钟,然后在加入抗真菌剂放线菌酮和抗菌剂萘啶酮酸(它们分别通过过滤而灭菌)。腐殖酸-维生素琼脂的组成描述于表Ⅰ。
表Ⅰ
腐殖酸(溶解在10ml 0.2N NaOH中) | 1.0g |
Na2HPO4 | 0.5g |
KCl | 1.71g |
MgSO4·7H2O | 0.05g |
FeSO4·7H2O | 0.01g |
盐酸硫胺素 | 0.5g |
维生素B2 | 0.5g |
烟酸 | 0.5g |
盐酸吡哆素 | 0.5g |
肌醇 | 0.5g |
泛酸钙 | 0.5g |
对-氨基苯甲酸 | 0.5g |
生物素 | 0.25mg |
放线菌酮 | 50mg |
萘啶酮酸 | 200g/ml |
琼脂 | 20g |
蒸馏水(pH7.0) | 1升 |
链霉菌属种AL91(Streptomyces sp.AL91)KCCM 10055的特征
形态:由螺旋的、分枝链形成孢子。孢子表面光滑。
生物化学特征:在使明胶液化的能力方面呈阴性,降解淀粉的能力方面呈阳性。
培养特征:
培养基 | 生长情况 | 空气菌丝的颜色 | 背面颜色 | 可溶性色素 |
胰蛋白胨-酵母提取物琼脂 | 良好 | 棕色 | 棕色 | 棕色 |
酵母提取物-麦芽提取物琼脂 | 良好 | 白色 | 棕色 | - |
麦片粥提取物琼脂 | 良好 | 淡桔黄色或白色 | - | - |
无机盐-淀粉琼脂 | 良好 | 白色 | - | - |
甘油天冬酰胺琼脂 | 良好 | 深黄色 | 深黄色 | - |
胨-酵母提取物-铁琼脂 | 差 | 深棕色 | 棕色 | 深棕色 |
酪氨酸琼脂 | 良好 | 白色-棕色 | 深棕色 | - |
Bennett′培养基 | 良好 | 白色 | 黄色-棕色 | - |
碳利用:
阳性:D-葡萄糖、蔗糖、D-木糖、D-甘露糖醇、D-果糖、鼠李糖、棉子糖、纤维素。
阴性:L-阿拉伯糖、I-肌醇。
对抗生素的易感性:
抗生素 | 浓度(μg/ml) | 因抑制生长而产生的环的直径(mm) |
羧苄青霉素 | 100 | - |
氯霉素 | 30 | 27.7 |
新霉素 | 30 | 12.0 |
萘啶酮酸 | 30 | - |
万古霉素 | 30 | 22.0 |
氯林可霉素 | 2 | - |
氨苄青霉素 | 10 | 12.0 |
卡那霉素 | 30 | 17.0 |
四环素 | 30 | 17.0 |
头孢金素 | 30 | 24.0 |
红霉素 | 15 | 40.0 |
利福平 | 5 | - |
庆大霉素 | 10 | 10.0 |
链霉素 | 10 | 17.0 |
抗生素物质AL072的产生
链霉菌属种AL91 KCCM 10055在含有表Ⅱ所示组份的营养琼脂上生长3天。将培养物接种于200毫升的液体培养基(该培养基含有的组份如表Ⅲ所示)中并在通气条件下于28℃培养3天。随后,将培养溶液接种于6升含有表Ⅳ所示组份的液体培养基中,然后在通气条件下于28℃培养5天。用下面描述的方法从最终的培养溶液中分离和纯化出抗生素AL072。
表Ⅱ
蔗糖 | 20.0g |
葡萄糖 | 10.0g |
玉米浸泡液 | 5mg |
酵母抽提物 | 4.9g |
大豆粉 | 20.0g |
CaCO3 | 4.0g |
NaCl | 2.0g |
K2HPO4 | 0.05g |
琼脂 | 15g |
蒸馏水(pH 7.3) | 1升 |
表Ⅲ
葡萄糖 | 1g |
可溶性淀粉 | 24g |
胨 | 3g |
麦芽抽提物 | 5g |
CaCO3 | 4g |
蒸馏水(pH7.0) | 1升 |
表Ⅳ
蔗糖 | 20.0g |
葡萄糖 | 10.0g |
玉米浸泡液 | 5ml |
酵母抽提物 | 4.9g |
大豆粉 | 20.0g |
CaCO3 | 4.0g |
NaCl | 2.0g |
K2HPO4 | 0.05g |
蒸馏水(pH7.3) | 1升 |
在培养结束后,将6升培养液与等量异丙醇搅拌混合。放置过夜后,离心混合物,取出得到的上清液。上清液通过硅藻土而过滤,然后滤液在减压下除去异丙醇而得以浓缩。形成的浓缩物用乙酸乙酯萃取3次,其中乙酸乙酯随后在减压下去除。将残留物溶解在50%异丙醇中,形成的溶液再在减压下去除异丙醇而得以浓缩。形成的水溶液通过填充有十八烷基氧化硅凝胶的柱,并弃去通过的溶液。用70%乙醇洗脱吸附于ODS树脂的军团菌属特异性的抗生素,洗脱液在减压下浓缩至干燥。在将干燥的浓缩物溶解于80%异丙醇中之后,通过在氧化硅凝胶上的制备性的高压液相色谱(206nm)(用乙腈-蒸馏水,68∶32,以30毫升/分钟的速度洗脱),得到粗的军团菌属特异性抗生素物质AL072。随后,将粗抗生素在减压下浓缩至干燥,再将干燥的浓缩物溶解在50%异丙醇中,并再次在减压下浓缩形成的溶液。去除异丙醇,并用氯仿萃取残留物3次。去除氯仿并将残留物溶解在80%异丙醇中。按第一次色谱中所用的条件进行高压液相色谱,得到纯抗生素AL072。
抗生素物质AL072的物理化学性质
1.在Merck & Company No.5642 HPTLC氧化硅凝胶板上进行薄层色谱,用19∶1的氯仿-甲醇显影。将抗生素AL072样品点在氧化硅凝胶板上,并在密闭的容器中显影。显影后,将含有5%钼酸铵和硫酸高铈铵的10%硫酸水溶液喷洒在氧化硅凝胶板上,然后加热至100℃ 10分钟以显现颜色。结果,抗生素AL072的Rf值为0.58。
2.抗生素AL072可溶于醇如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇等和有机溶剂如乙酸乙酯、氯仿等,而它不溶于水或在水中的溶解性差。
3.抗生素AL072在pH值为pH2和pH12之间的水溶液中非常稳定。在95℃加热1小时后,抗生素AL072的活性未变化。
4.紫外线光谱测量的结果显示,在甲醇中的抗生素AL072在242纳米处有最大吸收(图1)。
5.使用Bruker FT-IR分光计得到的,在溴化钾中的抗生素AL072的红外吸收光谱示于图2。
6.用Bruker ARX400光谱测定仪得到的,抗生素AL072在CDCl3中的质子核磁共振谱示于图4。H-NMRδ(400MHz):0.86(3H,m);0.87(3H,m);0.88(3H,m);0.91(3H,m);1.29(43H,m);1.61(4H,m);2.03(2H,m);2.31(4H,m);2.75(1H,m);3.62(1H,dd,12Hz,6Hz);3.72(1H,dd,4Hz,12Hz);3.96(1H,m);4.14(2H,m);5.35(4H,m)ppm。
7.用Bruker ARX400光谱测定仪得到的,抗生素AL072在CDCl2中的碳核磁共振谱示于图5。C-NMRδ(100MHz);12.01(q);14.67(q);19.85(q);23.23(q);23.28(q);25.34(t);25.36(t);26.29(t);27.78(t);27.84(t);27.87(t);28.10(t);28.63(d);29.72(t);29.75(t);29.82(t);29.93(t);30.02(t);30.17(t);30.26(t);30.29(t);30.33(t);30.36(t);30.38(t);30.62(t);30.69(t);32.20(t);34.79(t);34.81(t);35.08(d);37.33(t);39.75(t);63.90(t);65.95(t);70.96(d);128.50(d);128.70(d);130.60(d);130.70(d);174.9(s);181.00(s)ppm。
抗生素物质AL072的生物活性
用上述程序获得的抗生素物质AL072对各种微生物生长的影响列于下表Ⅴ。很明显,尽管抗生素物质AL072对嗜肺军团菌有强有力的活性,它对其他测试的微生物没有或仅有轻微活性。
表Ⅴ
微生物 | 通过抑制生长而产生的环的直径(mm) |
嗜肺军团菌ATCC 33152 | 108 |
金黄色葡萄球菌 | 11 |
酿脓链球菌 | - |
链球菌 | 20 |
无乳链球菌 | - |
马链球菌 | 21 |
坚忍链球菌 | 24 |
产单核细胞李斯特氏菌 | 12 |
白喉杆菌 | 9 |
枯草杆菌 | 8 |
巨大芽胞杆菌 | 6 |
大肠杆菌 | 6 |
弗罗因德氏枸橼酸菌 | - |
鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 | 14 |
弗莱克斯纳氏志贺氏菌 | - |
肺炎克雷伯氏菌 | - |
催产克雷伯氏菌 | - |
产气克雷伯氏菌 | - |
阴沟肠杆菌 | - |
产气肠杆菌 | 9 |
粘质沙雷氏菌 | - |
变异变形杆菌 | - |
普通变形杆菌 | 12 |
雷特格氏变形杆菌 | - |
摩根氏变形杆菌 | - |
绿脓假单胞菌 | - |
葱头假单胞菌 | - |
军团菌属种对抗生素AL072的易感性用公知的圆纸片法进行测试。根据常规方法,用BCYE培养基制备军团菌属种的预培养物。BCYE培养基由下列组份构成:a.平板
b.富集养分
酵母抽提物 | 11.5g |
活性碳 | 1.5g |
ACES | 6.0g |
α-氧代戊二酸 | 1.0g |
Bacto琼脂 | 17.0g |
蒸馏水 | 1.0升 |
pH | 7.1-7.2(用10M KOH) |
L-半胱氨酸-HCl | 0.2g |
焦磷酸铁 | 0.125g/ml D.W. |
BCYE培养基在1个大气压,121℃灭菌15分钟,然后冷却至50-55℃。用0.9%盐水(0.9克氯化钠加1升D.W.)稀释军团菌属种的预培养物至终浓度为5×106-107cfu/ml。使稀释液悬浮并将10毫升倒入各培养皿中形成测试平板。将直径6毫米的圆纸片用20微升的抗生素AL072浸润,然后充分干燥。将干燥的纸片置于制备的平板上,然后在37℃培养24小时。用游标卡尺测量因抑制生长而形成的抑菌环的大小。
链球菌属种的易感性试验用类似上述的程序进行,不同点在于使用下列培养基:
a.Mueller Hinton培养基(Difco)
b.胰蛋白豆汤(Difco)
牛肉汤 | 300.0g |
Bacto酪蛋白水解物 | 17.5g |
淀粉 | 1.5g |
Bacto琼脂 | 17.0g |
Bacto胰化胨大豆的胰酶消化物 | 17.0g |
Bacto soytone大豆的papic消化物 | 3.0g |
Bacto右旋糖 | 2.5g |
氯化钠 | 5.0g |
磷酸氢二钾 | 2.5g |
10%马血清 |
按类似于链球菌属种的程序,测试其他需氧的和厌氧微生物的易感性,不同点在于不需要马血清。
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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KR1994/23582 | 1994-09-14 | ||
KR1019940023583A KR0125135B1 (ko) | 1994-09-14 | 1994-09-14 | 레지오넬라특이성 항생물질 |
KR1994/23583 | 1994-09-14 | ||
KR1019940023584A KR0120098B1 (ko) | 1994-09-14 | 1994-09-14 | 레지오넬라특이성 항생물질을 생산하는 신규 미생물 |
KR1994/23584 | 1994-09-14 | ||
KR1019940023582A KR0125134B1 (ko) | 1994-09-14 | 1994-09-14 | 레지오넬라특이성 항생물질의 제조방법 |
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CN1158119A CN1158119A (zh) | 1997-08-27 |
CN1069895C true CN1069895C (zh) | 2001-08-22 |
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US (3) | US5486630A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0787121B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2826197B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1069895C (zh) |
AU (1) | AU704219B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9508837A (zh) |
CH (1) | CH689491A5 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE69516531D1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1996008460A1 (zh) |
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KR19990048645A (ko) * | 1997-12-04 | 1999-07-05 | 손경식 | 가습기용 레지오넬라 살균소독제 조성물 |
JP4452505B2 (ja) * | 2001-11-28 | 2010-04-21 | ビクロン・フアーマシユーチカルズ・インコーポレーテツド | 抗生物質ge81112ファクターa、b、b1、その製薬学的に許容され得る塩および組成物および使用 |
US7901932B2 (en) * | 2005-03-17 | 2011-03-08 | Phigenics, Llc | Methods and compositions for rapidly detecting and quantifying viable Legionella |
ATE536551T1 (de) * | 2005-03-17 | 2011-12-15 | Phigenics Llc | Methode zum schnellen nachweisen und quantifizieren lebensfähiger legionellen |
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US4988677A (en) * | 1986-08-27 | 1991-01-29 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Macrolide antibiotic and its use as a medicinal agent |
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1994
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1995
- 1995-06-06 US US08/468,341 patent/US5503997A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 1995-09-12 CN CN95195095A patent/CN1069895C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1995-09-12 WO PCT/KR1995/000117 patent/WO1996008460A1/en active IP Right Grant
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- 1995-09-12 EP EP95931447A patent/EP0787121B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1995-09-12 DE DE69516531T patent/DE69516531D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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US4988677A (en) * | 1986-08-27 | 1991-01-29 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Macrolide antibiotic and its use as a medicinal agent |
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Title |
---|
KHIM.PRIR.SOEDIN11(1) 1975.1.1 M.S.BAINOVA et al.Synthesis and properties of minor cryptoactive triglycer * |
PRIKL.BIOKHIM.MIKROBIOL24(6) 1988.1.1 PCHELKIN et al.Cromatographic study of diacylglycerol mixture obtained by * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JPH09511655A (ja) | 1997-11-25 |
MX9701853A (es) | 1998-05-31 |
AU704219B2 (en) | 1999-04-15 |
JP2826197B2 (ja) | 1998-11-18 |
CN1158119A (zh) | 1997-08-27 |
AU3485995A (en) | 1996-03-29 |
WO1996008460A1 (en) | 1996-03-21 |
CH689491A5 (de) | 1999-05-14 |
EP0787121A1 (en) | 1997-08-06 |
DE69516531D1 (de) | 2000-05-31 |
US5503997A (en) | 1996-04-02 |
US5486630A (en) | 1996-01-23 |
BR9508837A (pt) | 1997-12-23 |
US5529924A (en) | 1996-06-25 |
EP0787121B1 (en) | 2000-04-26 |
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