CN106981246A - The preparation method of giant salamander skinned-specimen - Google Patents
The preparation method of giant salamander skinned-specimen Download PDFInfo
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- CN106981246A CN106981246A CN201710343379.XA CN201710343379A CN106981246A CN 106981246 A CN106981246 A CN 106981246A CN 201710343379 A CN201710343379 A CN 201710343379A CN 106981246 A CN106981246 A CN 106981246A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N1/00—Preservation of bodies of humans or animals, or parts thereof
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of giant salamander skinned-specimen, comprise the following steps：（1）Make the filling prosthesis of giant salamander sample；（2）By the skin peeling of giant salamander；（3）Degreasing and preservative treatment are carried out to the giant salamander skin of stripping；（4）Giant salamander skin set is attached on frame, filling prosthesis is inserted in；（5）Processing is dried to giant salamander sample；（6）Japanning processing is carried out to giant salamander sample.The preparation method of the giant salamander skinned-specimen is simple and safe, both ensure that the freshness of sample, turn avoid the injury that hypertoxic chemical reagent is caused to human body during making sample and preserving, sample more true nature.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of sample, especially a kind of preparation method of giant salamander skinned-specimen.
Background technology
Skinned-specimen, by the way that the animal of natural death, persistence gets off in another way, is scientific research from now on
Firsthand information and foundation are provided, and viewed and admired for people, watchful common people want environmental protection and animal.With the deterioration of environment, a lot
Species are endangered, and the now making of rareness species skinned-specimen is even more to be significant.People start to recognize that animal shells
The value of sample processed, animal skinned-specimen is just increasingly taken seriously.
Chinese giant salamander, Andrias davidianus (Andrias davidianus), abbreviation giant salamander is commonly called as " giant salamander ".Belong to Amphibia
(Amphibia), Caudata (Urodela), Cryptobranchidae (Cryptobranchidae), giant salamander category (Andrias), is existing
Maximum amphibian, its body length, body weight are respectively up to 1.8m, more than 60kg.Giant salamander once China it is widely distributed, except Tibet,
Other various regions are distributed outside a few provinces and cities such as Xinjiang, but in recent years, wild giant salamander species quantity falls sharply, and field study is
It is difficult to find giant salamander trace, almost become extinct.Giant salamander is the national two grades of wild protection animals of China, and quantity on hand is few, and sample lacks,
Skinned-specimen is particularly rare.Dead giant salamander is fabricated to skinned-specimen, recovers its lifelike form, can protect for a long time
Deposit, it is all significant for teaching and scientific research, and can be used for popularization exhibitions, allow and more see true giant salamander for no reason at all
People recognizes this state guarantee animal.Current skinned-specimen preparation method generally soaks fresh specimens in formalin, makes
Formalin can be damaged to human body during making sample；Arsenic trioxide (being commonly called as arsenic) using severe toxicity is used as anti-corrosion
Agent, also results in sample skin color using alum saline solution and changes greatly, and produces aberration.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art there is provided a kind of making side of giant salamander skinned-specimen
Method, this method is simple and safe, both ensure that the freshness of sample, severe toxicity chemistry examination during turn avoid making sample and preserving
The injury that agent is caused to human body, sample more true nature.
The technical scheme provided according to the present invention, the preparation method of the giant salamander skinned-specimen, it is characterized in that, including it is following
Step：
(1) filling prosthesis of giant salamander sample is made；(2) by the skin peeling of giant salamander；(3) the giant salamander skin of stripping is carried out
Degreasing and preservative treatment；(4) giant salamander skin set is attached on frame, is inserted in filling prosthesis；(5) place is dried to giant salamander sample
Reason；(6) japanning processing is carried out to giant salamander sample.
In a detailed embodiment, the detailed process of the step (1) is after giant salamander is taken out from refrigerator-freezer thaws
The form for activity is put, is wound repeatedly outside giant salamander with preservative film, more than two layers transparent is then pasted outside preservative film
Wide adhesive tape, until comprehensive parcel giant salamander body surface；The preservative film and adhesive tape of winding are cut off from head outside of belly the to afterbody, from giant salamander
Peeled off outside skin, preservative film is hardened after being fixed with adhesive tape, homomorphosis when obtained shell is lived with giant salamander；Again will be outer
The belly opening of shell is sealed with adhesive tape, and head, belly and afterbody respectively stay a 1~1.5cm or so opening；With supporting spray gun
Foaming agent is sprayed into from reserved opening, when 3/4~4/5 full of shell is sprayed onto, will first be blocked at opening with the scraps of paper, then
Sealed with adhesive tape；When sample is big, foaming agent can sink, after infusion pending is parched, and several osculums are opened from shell top
The emptying place of sinking is filled with foaming agent again；Infusion pending is parched be hardened after, remove shell, obtain filling prosthesis.
In a detailed embodiment, giant salamander is put into quick-frozen preservation in refrigerator before making sample.
In a detailed embodiment, the detailed process of the step (2) be giant salamander body is lain on the back in dissecting pan or
In autopsy table, cut off with dissecting scissors from outside of belly centre, cut forward to neck center, cut off backward untill the rear end of afterbody,
Progressively by body both sides skin peeling, remove the internal organs with body muscle, then block shoulder, the femoral joint of neck and four limbs；Peel off
During the skin of four limbs, first the skin of forethiga and the shin instep portion outside of belly is splitted, humerus, chi then respectively two forelimbs scratch bone and
The muscle of half sole is removed, and ulna and metacarpal bone leave, then the muscle of the belly of hind leg, shank and tarsometatarsus portion is removed, shin bone and plantar
Bone is left, and the muscle being attached on skull is rejected clean；It is careful careful that peeling process needs, and in peeling, most handy hand rest
Skin cuts muscle, or hide is paved, then is carefully gently scraped with blade, removes subcutaneous fat and muscle, forbids to break skin.
In a detailed embodiment, the detailed process of the step (3) is that the giant salamander skin that will have been peeled off is placed on greatly
In box, 75~85% alcohol is poured into, floods and is stirred after giant salamander skin, 3~6h 1 time, alcohol is penetrated into each position
In skin, soaked while the inside skin of four limbs and head is translated into outside, make inside skin also abundant alcohol exposure, reach
To the purpose of dehydration degreasing, impregnate irregular and partial skin is rotted while avoiding producing；When degreasing does not have de- clean, it should change
Fall alcohol to soak again, make every effort to degreasing totally, and the alcohol of secondary immersion is installed with bottle, in case next time uses；Immersion 3~
(winter can extend soak time to 6~7d) is taken out after 5d, then by the giant salamander skin hardened in slightly being rushed under the running water of flowing
Wash, preservative treatment is carried out after being taken out after skin emolliency；
Preservative treatment operation is as follows：The good hide of ungrease treatment is placed in dissecting pan, it is uniform on the inside of the skin of stripping
Ground brush, which is applied, spreads antiseptin, then from hole adds a little antiseptin into intracerebral, oral cavity and four limbs with spoon, makes every effort to smear
It is whole, careful.
In a detailed embodiment, antiseptin used is boric acid, camphor, alum by 4~5:2~2.5:2.5~3
Part by weight is mixed.
In a detailed embodiment, the detailed process of the step (4) is will to scribble the giant salamander skin set of preservative
It is attached on steelframe or yoke, filling prosthesis is inserted in giant salamander skin, goes through each portion and whether full fill, if it find that recessed
It is convex not usually, prosthese can slightly cut and cut, until surface is smooth, substantial, full；Sutured from inside to outside from skin with needlework,
Make every effort to the attractive in appearance of suture, suture is fine and closely woven smooth, elastic appropriateness.
In a detailed embodiment, the detailed process of the step (5) is that giant salamander sample is put into ventilation back of the body sun
Dry in the shade in place.
In a detailed embodiment, first with brush or wet rag viscous before giant salamander sample being dried processing
The foul for being attached to giant salamander body surface is cleared, is fixed four limbs finger tip with hardboard and clip, it is ensured that sample four limbs finger tip stretches in time
Open, Shape correction is carried out to giant salamander sample.
In a detailed embodiment, the detailed process of the step (6) is after giant salamander sample is completely dried, to use city
The dilute varnish rosin aqueous sold is coated in giant salamander body surface face to increase gloss, and shows the natural form moistened during its life, simultaneously
Effect with protection skin.
The present invention has advantages below：Making filling prosthesis in advance causes filling process more to facilitate；Will be fresh before making
Sample is put into quick-frozen preservation in refrigerator, rather than is soaked in formalin, and this method both ensure that the freshness of sample, again
Avoid and make the injury that is caused to human body of formalin during sample；It is mixed with weak malicious boric acid, alum, camphor
Preservative replaces the arsenic trioxide (being commonly called as arsenic) of severe toxicity, makes the making of sample and preserves safer；With 75~85% wine
Smart degreasing, than alum saline solution effect more preferably, giant salamander only top layer mucus fades away, and skin color change is little, is not required to after varnishing
Use pigment complementary color, it is to avoid aberration, sample more true nature are produced during toning.
Embodiment
With reference to specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1：
The measurement of giant salamander body is as shown in table 1.
Table 1
| Body weight/kg | Total length/cm | Long/cm | The head breadth/cm | Kiss length/cm | Tail length/cm | Tail height/cm | Tail is wide/cm |
| 1.46 | 61.5 | 9.8 | 8.3 | 6.0 | 23.5 | 5.0 | 2.5 |
(1) filling prosthesis is made：
Giant salamander is taken out from refrigerator-freezer to the form put after thawing as activity, wound repeatedly outside giant salamander with preservative film,
Then more than two layers of transparent wide adhesive tape is pasted outside preservative film, until comprehensive parcel giant salamander body surface.From the head outside of belly to
Afterbody cuts off the preservative film and adhesive tape of winding, is peeled off from giant salamander skin outside, preservative film is hardened after being fixed with adhesive tape, and what is obtained is outer
Homomorphosis when shell is lived with giant salamander.Again the belly opening of shell is sealed with adhesive tape, head, belly and afterbody respectively stay one
Individual 1cm or so opening.Foaming agent is injected in shell from reserved opening with supporting spray gun.Wait to be sprayed onto full of shell
3/4 when, will first be blocked at opening with the scraps of paper, then sealed with adhesive tape.Infusion pending is parched be hardened after, remove shell, obtain
To filling prosthesis.
(2) skin peeling：
Giant salamander individual is smaller, can be operated directly in dissecting pan, first the layer overlay gauze in dissecting pan, it is to avoid giant salamander
Slided in dissecting pan.Giant salamander body is lain on the back in dissecting pan, cut off with dissecting scissors from outside of belly centre, is cut forward to neck
Center, cuts off untill the rear end of afterbody backward, progressively by body both sides skin peeling, removes the internal organs and body muscle.Then
Shoulder, the femoral joint of neck and four limbs are blocked, when peeling off the skin of four limbs, is first splitted the skin of forethiga and the shin instep portion outside of belly,
Then humerus, chi respectively two forelimbs scratches bone and the muscle of half sole is removed, and ulna and metacarpal bone leave, then belly hind leg,
Shank and the muscle in tarsometatarsus portion are removed, and shin bone and metatarsal leave, and the muscle being attached on skull is rejected clean.
(3) degreasing and preservative treatment：
The giant salamander skin for first having to be stripped clean carries out ungrease treatment, specific practice：The giant salamander skin peeled off is put
In big box, 75% alcohol is poured into, floods and is stirred after giant salamander skin, 6h 1 time, alcohol is penetrated into the skin at each position
In.The inside skin of four limbs and head is translated into outside simultaneously to be soaked, makes inside skin also abundant alcohol exposure.Soak 4d
After take out.The giant salamander skin hardened is carried out at anti-corrosion in slightly being rinsed under the running water of flowing after being taken out after skin emolliency again
Reason.
Preservative treatment operation is as follows：The good hide of ungrease treatment is placed in dissecting pan, it is uniform on the inside of the skin of stripping
It is 5 that ground brush, which applies and spreads part by weight,:3:2 antiseptin, then with spoon from hole add a little antiseptin to intracerebral, oral cavity and
In four limbs.
(4) shelve and fill：
The steelframe for being slightly smaller than fish body is made from No. 6 steel wires, steelframe is made into the travelling state of giant salamander.Preservative will be scribbled
Giant salamander skin set is attached on steelframe, and filling prosthesis is inserted in giant salamander skin, is gone through each portion and whether full is filled, if hair
When existing uneven, prosthese can slightly cut and cut, until surface is smooth, substantial, full, with needlework out of skin to out-seam
Close.
(5) shaping and drying：
It is with brush or wet rag that the foul for sticking to body surface is cleared, four limbs finger tip is fixed with hardboard and clip, protected
Card sample four limbs finger tip trails in time.Dry in the shade in the place for being put into ventilation back of the body sun.
(6) japanning is handled：
After sample body is completely dried, giant salamander body surface face is coated in increase gloss with commercially available dilute varnish rosin aqueous,
And the natural form moistened during its life is shown, while having the effect of protection skin.Due to sample color and speckle and life
Phase difference is little, it is not necessary to which colouring is handled, varnish coating.
Embodiment 2：
Giant salamander body measurement such as table 2.
Table 2
| Body weight/kg | Total length/cm | Long/cm | The head breadth/cm | Kiss length/cm | Tail length/cm | Tail height/cm | Tail is wide/cm |
| 9.6 | 117.6 | 16.4 | 15.8 | 24.1 | 41.3 | 8.2 | 7.4 |
(1) filling prosthesis is made：
Giant salamander is taken out from refrigerator-freezer to the form put after thawing as activity, wound repeatedly outside giant salamander with preservative film,
Then more than two layers of transparent wide adhesive tape is pasted outside preservative film, until comprehensive parcel giant salamander body surface.From the head outside of belly to
Afterbody cuts off the preservative film and adhesive tape of winding, is peeled off from giant salamander skin outside, preservative film is hardened after being fixed with adhesive tape, and what is obtained is outer
Homomorphosis when shell is lived with giant salamander.Again the belly opening of shell is sealed with adhesive tape, head, belly and afterbody respectively stay one
Individual 1.5cm or so opening.Foaming agent is injected in shell from reserved opening with supporting spray gun.Wait to be sprayed onto full of outer
Shell 4/5 when, will first be blocked at opening with the scraps of paper, then sealed with adhesive tape.Infusion pending is parched be hardened after, remove shell,
Both filling prosthesis is obtained.
(2) skin peeling：
The giant salamander individual is larger, need to be operated on autopsy table, the layer overlay gauze on autopsy table, it is to avoid giant salamander is in dissection
Platform is slided.Giant salamander body is lain on the back on autopsy table, cut off with dissecting scissors from outside of belly centre, is cut forward to neck center, to
Cut off untill the rear end of afterbody, progressively by body both sides skin peeling, remove the internal organs and body muscle afterwards.Then neck is blocked
Shoulder, femoral joint with four limbs, the skin of forethiga and the shin instep portion outside of belly when peeling off the skin of four limbs, first splitted, then distinguished
Humerus, chi two forelimbs scratch bone and the muscle of half sole is removed, and ulna and metacarpal bone leave, then the belly, shank and instep of hind leg
The muscle of foot plantar is removed, and shin bone and metatarsal leave, and the muscle being attached on skull is rejected clean.
(3) degreasing and preservative treatment：
The giant salamander skin for first having to be stripped clean carries out ungrease treatment, specific practice：The giant salamander skin peeled off is put
In big box, 85% alcohol is poured into, floods and is stirred after giant salamander skin, 3h 1 time, alcohol is penetrated into the skin at each position
In.The inside skin of four limbs and head is translated into outside simultaneously to be soaked, makes inside skin also abundant alcohol exposure.Soak 5d
After take out.The giant salamander skin hardened is carried out at anti-corrosion in slightly being rinsed under the running water of flowing after being taken out after skin emolliency again
Reason.
Preservative treatment operation is as follows：The good hide of ungrease treatment is placed in dissecting pan, it is uniform on the inside of the skin of stripping
It is 5 that ground brush, which applies and spreads part by weight,:2.5:3 antiseptins, then with spoon from hole add a little antiseptin to intracerebral, oral cavity and
In four limbs.
(4) shelve and fill：
Support is made of the plank of 30cm length, afterbody cuts narrow, keeps flat in the giant salamander skin for scribbling preservative.By filling prosthesis
It is inserted in giant salamander skin, goes through each portion and whether full fill, if it find that when uneven, can slightly be cut to prosthese
Cut, until surface is smooth, substantial, full, sutured from inside to outside from skin with needlework.
(5) shaping and drying：
It is with brush or wet rag that the booty for sticking to body surface is cleared, four limbs finger tip is fixed with hardboard and clip, protected
Card sample four limbs finger tip trails in time.Dry in the shade in the place for being put into ventilation back of the body sun.
(6) japanning is handled：
After sample body is completely dried, giant salamander body surface face is coated in increase gloss with commercially available dilute varnish rosin aqueous,
And the natural form moistened during its life is shown, while having the effect of protection skin.Due to sample color and speckle and life
Phase difference is little, it is not necessary to which colouring is handled, varnish coating.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of preparation method of giant salamander skinned-specimen, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps：
（1）Make the filling prosthesis of giant salamander sample；（2）By the skin peeling of giant salamander；（3）Degreasing is carried out to the giant salamander skin of stripping
And preservative treatment；（4）Giant salamander skin set is attached on frame, filling prosthesis is inserted in；（5）Processing is dried to giant salamander sample；（6）
Japanning processing is carried out to giant salamander sample.
2. the preparation method of giant salamander skinned-specimen as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The step（1）Detailed process
It is to be wound repeatedly outside giant salamander with preservative film, is then taped outside preservative film, until comprehensive parcel giant salamander body surface；
The preservative film and adhesive tape of winding are cut off from head outside of belly the to afterbody, giant salamander is taken out, the shell with giant salamander homomorphosis is obtained, weight
Newly the belly opening of shell is sealed with adhesive tape, 1 ~ 1.5 cm opening is respectively stayed in head, belly and afterbody；By foaming agent
Spray into, when infusion pending is full of the 3/4 ~ 4/5 of shell, opening is sealed into shell respectively from opening；Infusion pending parches change
After hard, shell is removed, filling prosthesis is obtained.
3. the preparation method of giant salamander skinned-specimen as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：Giant salamander is put into ice before making sample
It is quick-frozen in case to preserve.
4. the preparation method of giant salamander skinned-specimen as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The step（2）Detailed process
To cut off giant salamander from belly centre, it is preceding to neck center, after to afterbody rear end, block joint, remove the internal organs and somatic muscles
Meat.
5. the preparation method of giant salamander skinned-specimen as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The step（3）Detailed process
It is that the giant salamander skin of stripping is placed in box, pours into 75 ~ 85% alcohol, flood giant salamander skin, every stirs 1 after 3 ~ 6 h
It is secondary, take out, rinsed with water after 3 ~ 5 d of immersion；Antiseptin is equably smeared on the inside of giant salamander skin, and adds antiseptin to brain
In interior, oral cavity and four limbs.
6. Slide processing as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that：Antiseptin used be boric acid, camphor, alum by 4 ~
5:2~2.5:2.5 ~ 3 part by weight is mixed.
7. the preparation method of giant salamander skinned-specimen as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The step（4）Detailed process
Be that the giant salamander skin set for scribbling preservative is attached on steelframe or yoke, filling prosthesis be inserted in giant salamander skin, with needlework from
Giant salamander skin is sutured from inside to outside.
8. the preparation method of giant salamander skinned-specimen as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The step（5）Detailed process
It is that the place that giant salamander sample is put into ventilation back of the body sun is dried in the shade.
9. the preparation method of giant salamander skinned-specimen as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：Place is being dried to giant salamander sample
It is first that the foul for sticking to giant salamander body surface is cleared before reason, four limbs finger tip is fixed, Shape correction is carried out to giant salamander sample.
10. the preparation method of giant salamander skinned-specimen as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that：The step（6）Detailed process
It is that after giant salamander sample is completely dried, giant salamander mark body surface is coated in varnish.
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| CN109601524A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-04-12 | 谢争光 | A kind of preparation method of zoological specimens |
| CN111951654A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-11-17 | 大连鸿峰生物科技有限公司 | Method and device for manufacturing skin specimen applied to marine mammal |
| CN111903660A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-11-10 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Method for preparing fish specimen |
| CN112446872A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-03-05 | 吉首大学 | Giant salamander abnormal behavior identification method based on image identification |
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Application publication date: 20170725 |