CN106979769A - The reverse coordinate transmission cultellation construction survey method of tunnel shaft - Google Patents
The reverse coordinate transmission cultellation construction survey method of tunnel shaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN106979769A CN106979769A CN201710072566.9A CN201710072566A CN106979769A CN 106979769 A CN106979769 A CN 106979769A CN 201710072566 A CN201710072566 A CN 201710072566A CN 106979769 A CN106979769 A CN 106979769A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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Abstract
The invention discloses the reverse coordinate transmission cultellation construction survey method of tunnel shaft, belong to deep shaft coordinate transmission cultellation technical field of construction, the measuring method is easy in the embedded point position in shaft bottom, take that the well hole time is short, precision is high, simple to operate, measuring speed is fast, practical, is easy to pile anchoring, is easy to carry out the transmission of deep shaft plane and elevation transmission measurement, be not easily susceptible in vertical shaft be influenceed by air-flow and dripping.Comprise the following steps：(1) apparatus selection before cultellation and instrument verification are carried out；(2) laser plummet apparatus is set inversely to transmit cultellation；(3) inversely transmission is handled total powerstation vertical shaft elevation.
Description
Technical field
Cultellation technical field of construction is transmitted the present invention relates to deep shaft coordinate, and in particular to the reverse coordinate transmission of tunnel shaft
Cultellation construction survey method.
Background technology
In constructing tunnel, for accelerating construction progress and ventilation, major long tunnel particularly urban subway tunnel is often adopted
Increase construction face with the method for increase vertical shaft with accelerating construction progress, in order to ensure the opposite correct insertion of excavation face energy,
Just the coordinate in terrestrial net, direction and elevation must be delivered to underground via vertical shaft, underground is controlled net and ground
On control net coordinate system it is unified.Therefore, vertical shaft transmission connection survey just turns into the primary problem of construction.
The method of current vertical shaft plane connection survey is mainly using vertical shaft by the downward cultellation of well head in the embedded point position in shaft bottom
Carry out.Its specific practice is two steel wires of extension in pit shaft, and the upper end of steel wire is hauled with puffer on the ground, and lower end steel wire hangs
The geometric orientation measuring method of weight is hung, this method is due to by being influenceed in vertical shaft by air-flow and dripping, occurring plumb bob line inclined
Move and ceaselessly swing and may be only available for shallower, relatively low to the penetrating accuracy requirement shaft plumbing of vertical shaft, and vertical shaft is by well head
Downward cultellation is inconvenient in the embedded point position in shaft bottom, and therefore, design is a kind of easy to use, and is not easily susceptible in vertical shaft by air-flow and drop
The reverse coordinate transmission cultellation construction survey method of tunnel shaft of water influence seems very necessary.
The content of the invention
The present invention is perpendicular there is provided a kind of tunnel in order to solve existing vertical shaft plane connection survey above shortcomings
Well reverse coordinate transmission cultellation construction survey method, the measuring method is easy in the embedded point position in shaft bottom, takes that the well hole time is short, essence
High, the simple to operate, measuring speed of degree is fast, practical, be easy to pile anchoring, be easy to carry out the transmission of deep shaft plane and elevation transmission is surveyed
Amount, is not easily susceptible in vertical shaft be influenceed by air-flow and dripping, user be easy to know well head whether run-off the straight, underground operators are easy
In knowing that laser plummet apparatus buries point.
Above technical problem is solved by following technical proposal：
The reverse coordinate transmission cultellation construction survey method of tunnel shaft, the vertical shaft inverted arch at control point is buried in vertical shaft shaft bottom
Bottom surface is provided with inverted arch vertical holes, and support is provided with inverted arch vertical holes, provided with the ball for having opening up and down on support
Face groove, universal rotational is provided with spin in spherical groove, and laser plummet apparatus is fixed in the spin of spherical groove upper open end,
Suspension rod is fixed with straight down in the spin of spherical groove lower open end, and gravitation ball is fixed with downrod lower end, and
The centre of sphere of the laser center line of laser plummet apparatus, the centre of sphere of Roll and gravitation ball all falls the extended line in the axial line of suspension rod
On；On the operational platform provided with microcontroller and the voice prompting device being connected with microcontroller, preformed hole on the operational platform
It is interior vertical provided with that can allow the thang-kng pipe that the laser of laser plummet apparatus passes through, it is provided with the inner tubal wall of thang-kng pipe and microcontroller connects
The photoelectric sensor connect；Also it is provided with expansion link straight up on support, level shadow plate is provided with expansion link top, in level
Rotated on expansion link below shadow shield and be provided with warning lamp；Measuring method comprises the following steps：(1) the instrument choosing before cultellation is carried out
Select and instrument verification；(2) laser plummet apparatus is set inversely to transmit cultellation；(3) inversely transmission is handled total powerstation vertical shaft elevation.
This measuring method uses the reverse cultellation method of laser plummet apparatus of upward cultellation, solves vertical shaft by the downward cultellation of well head
In the inconvenient problem in the embedded point position in shaft bottom.The measuring method is convenient in the embedded point position in shaft bottom, takes that the well hole time is short, precision
High, simple to operate, measuring speed is fast, practical, be easy to pile anchoring, be easy to carry out the transmission of deep shaft plane and elevation transmission is surveyed
Amount, is not easily susceptible in vertical shaft be influenceed by air-flow and dripping.When the well head of vertical shaft is tilted, the laser of laser plummet apparatus will
It is irradiated on photoelectric sensor, microcontroller is received after the photosignal that photoelectric sensor is transmitted, microcontroller gives language immediately
Sound prompting device is instructed, and allows voice prompting device to send voice message, user is that may know that well head run-off the straight, and underground operators are easy
In knowing that laser plummet apparatus buries point.
Preferably, carrying out apparatus selection and instrument checking procedure before cultellation includes：
(1.1) laser plummet apparatus of choice accuracy 1/200000 comes card TS30 robot measurements as cultellation instrument and use
Calibration is carried out as the reverse transfer device of elevation, and to laser plummet apparatus；
(1.2) laser plummet apparatus alidade is subjected to diameter measurement in different orientation, eliminates the water of laser plummet apparatus
Fiducial axis and instrument rotary shaft, collimation axis and the influence of rotation axle misalignment；
(1.3) on calibration platform or an elevation building is looked for, centering leveling first is carried out to laser plummet apparatus, then rotated
Laser plummet apparatus, checks whether laser plummet apparatus circular bubble and bubble tube are placed in the middle, makes axis of levelling bubble parallel or perpendicular to sharp
The rotary shaft of light plumb aligner, is then respectively aligned to 0 ° of instrument scale, 90 °, 180 °, 270 ° of four scale sides by spirit level alidade
Position simultaneously rotates laser plummet apparatus alidade, the center of graticle crosshair is observed by eyepiece, seeing 4 Ge Dianwei centers of reading is
It is no to overlap, if, the center of the graticle crosshair of laser plummet apparatus is overlapped with tester center of reticule, illustrates laser plumb
The collimation axis of instrument is vertical, illustrates that accuracy of instrument meets requirement, it is not necessary to adjustment；Otherwise, eyepiece protection cap, adjustment ten are opened
Word silk, until the center of reticule of laser plummet apparatus points to same point all the time.
Comprise the following steps preferably, setting laser plummet apparatus inversely to transmit cultellation：
(2.1) vertical shaft shaft bottom control point is buried；
(2.2) Shaft bank operation stand is set up；
(2.3) the reverse cultellation of laser plummet apparatus；
(2.4) the reverse cultellation of well head is with ground control point connection survey.
Preferably, the embedded process in vertical shaft shaft bottom control point is：3 control points are buried in the suitable position in vertical shaft shaft bottom,
And the point position depth of burying at control point will be less than vertical shaft inverted arch bottom surface about 10cm；The distance of 3 control points each other according to
The width dimensions of vertical shaft want to the greatest extent possible maximum, to improve vertically and horizontally precision during total powerstation pilot measurement；It should be noted at embedded point position
Meaning avoiding shelter.
Preferably, Shaft bank operation stand sets up process and is：Laser plummet apparatus is erected on the control point of shaft bottom, beaten
Open the workman that laser is easy on the pit mouth of ground and look for the position that operating platform is set up in wherein position, be in operating platform laser
Reserve 150mm × 150mm and the preformed hole corresponding with shaft bottom control point vertical in the position that beam passes through, it is ensured that vertical in laser beam
Upwards preformed hole can be passed through during irradiation；If being provided with leg around vertical shaft, operating platform significantly larger than leg is allowed.
Preferably, the reverse cultellation setting up procedure of laser plummet apparatus is：
(2.3.1) disposes laser plumb instrument：Three control points D0, D1 and D2 are set in shaft bottom, then in D0, D1, D2
Laser plummet apparatus is set up on these three control points respectively, and laser plummet apparatus centering is flattened；
(2.3.2) lays in reserved opening and receives target：D0 ', D1 ', D2 ' on well head straddle truck crossbeam operating platform this three
200mm × 200mm clear glass is placed on individual control point 150mm × 150mm preformed hole respectively as reception target；
(2.3.3) diameter cultellation：Laser plummet apparatus Laser Power Devices are opened, beam of laser is had and is projected from telephotolens,
Project on the straddle truck crossbeam of well head top on the reception target of 150mm × 150mm preformed holes, using diameter method of reading, operation instrument
The survey crew's marking pen of device respectively in this four disk position cultellation positioning of 0 degree, 90 degree, 180 degree and 270 degree, operating platform
Determine 4 LASER SPECKLE positions respectively on glass receiver board；The point position that 4 directions are thrown is constituted approximately on glass receiver board
In square, and require the length of side of square within 5mm；
(2.3.4) diameter intersects punctum：By 0 degree of point and 180 degree point and 90 degree of points and 270 degree of point interconnections, it is handed over
Point is the vertical control point in the shaft bottom；
(2.3.5) formation triangular closed ring：Laser plummet apparatus is on well and D0 ' and D0, D1 ' and D1, D2 ' are cast in underground
And D2, and D0 ' and D0 are spatially 2 points, but just turn into 1 point when projecting to same plane；Similarly, D1 ' and D1 is thrown
Shadow also turns into 1 point to 1 point, D2 ' and D2 is also turned into during same plane when projecting to same plane；Wire passes through cultellation on well
It is linked to be a triangular closed ring, underground wire is also linked to be a triangular closed ring by cultellation；
(2.3.6) other 2 D0, D2 control points are communicated up cultellation using same method；
(2.3.7) close ring is detected：Reverse three control point groups of D0 ', D1 ', D2 ' thrown on well head top operating platform
Triangularity, using the angle and distance relation of total powerstation TS30 inspections each other, confirmation throws the interior of control point and meets essence
Degree；
(2.3.1)~(2.3.7) steps are repeated several times in (2.3.8), take its cultellation position average.
Preferably, the reverse cultellation of well head is with ground control point connection survey process：Shaft bottom is inversely delivered to operation
Control point D0 ', D1 ', D2 ' on platform utilize total powerstation with WH1 the and WH2 control points near well head according in total powerstation hole two
Measuring method Deng wire carries out translocation, no less than 6 survey time of total powerstation.
Preferably, total powerstation vertical shaft elevation inversely transmits processing procedure is：
(3.1) basic point pilot measurement：Using the electronic level of assay approval by side of the ground elevation according to second-order levelling
D0 ' in method and precision pilot measurement to shaft mouth operating bench, D1 ', on three control points of D2 '；
(3.2) instrumental constant is set：Before measurement, total powerstation is first placed on the domestic environment of vertical shaft endoadaptation about 20 minutes,
And total powerstation is searched for horizontal extent increasing 180 degree automatically, vertical search scope is reduced to 3 degree；
(3.3) elevation reverse sourcing：Searched for, sighted automatically automatically using robot measurement, automatic measurement, automatic record etc.
Function, places 1 spherical prism above the plumb line at Shaft bank Yu shaft bottom control point, and total powerstation centering leveling is erected at
On the D0 control points of shaft bottom, and height of instrument record is measured in the reverse cultellation specific record form of elevation；Input prism before measurement
Constant；Total powerstation carrying handle is laid down, total powerstation is manually substantially concentrated one's gaze on to the zenith prismosphere above well head, this is to only need to see whole station
The zenith angle of instrument display screen is shown as 0 degree, and unlatching total powerstation is searched for, sighted automatically automatically, automatic measurement function, total powerstation
The automatic prismosphere searched for and sighted automatically on well head zenith direction starts measurement, now, shown by total powerstation display screen
Distance plus height of instrument be vertical shaft elevation；
(3.4) as the method that the reverse transmission method of elevation at D1 and D2 two shaft bottoms control point is transmitted with D0 elevations；
(3.5) elevation imports accuracy detection：After shaft bottom D0, D1 and D2 elevation is all imported and finished, in shaft bottom whole station
Whether instrument triangulated height or level meter detection close ring meet third measurement of the level required precision；If precision transfinites, find out
Reason simultaneously returns to the repetition benefit survey of (3.2) step；
(3.6) after tested, the purchase installation diagonal eyepiece that total powerstation need not be extra can sight zenith direction automatically
Prism.
Above technical problem is solved by following technical proposal：
The present invention can reach following effect：
The present invention measuring method use upward cultellation the reverse cultellation method of laser plummet apparatus, solve vertical shaft from well head to
Lower cultellation is in the inconvenient problem in the embedded point position in shaft bottom.The measuring method is convenient in the embedded point position in shaft bottom, take the well hole time it is short,
Precision is high, simple to operate, measuring speed is fast, it is practical, be easy to pile anchoring, be easy to carry out the transmission of deep shaft plane and elevation transmission
Measurement, is not easily susceptible in vertical shaft be influenceed by air-flow and dripping, user be easy to know well head whether run-off the straight, underground operators
It is easy to know that laser plummet apparatus buries point.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of reverse cultellation schematic diagram of laser plummet apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of reverse coordinate transmission cultellation construction survey method schematic flow sheet of deep shaft of invention the present embodiment.
Fig. 3 is that the laser of laser plummet apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention passes through a kind of use state schematic diagram of thang-kng pipe.
Fig. 4 is a kind of circuit theory attachment structure schematic block diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Embodiment, the reverse coordinate transmission cultellation construction survey method of tunnel shaft, referring to shown in Fig. 1-Fig. 4, in vertical shaft well
The vertical shaft inverted arch bottom surface that bottom buries at control point is provided with inverted arch vertical holes, and support S1 is provided with inverted arch vertical holes,
Support is provided with the spherical groove S4 for having opening up and down, and universal rotational is provided with spin S3, laser plummet apparatus in spherical groove
S2 is fixed in the spin of spherical groove upper open end, is fixed with and is hung straight down in the spin of spherical groove lower open end
Bar S5, gravitation ball S6 is fixed with downrod lower end, and the laser center line of laser plummet apparatus, the centre of sphere of Roll and again
The centre of sphere of power ball all falls on the extended line of the axial line of suspension rod.Microcontroller S12 and and microcontroller are provided with the operational platform
The voice message S11 devices of device connection, it is vertical provided with can allow the laser S7 of laser plummet apparatus in preformed hole S9 on the operational platform
The thang-kng pipe S8 passed through, provided with the photoelectric sensor S10 being connected with microcontroller on the inner tubal wall of thang-kng pipe.On support also
Expansion link S13 is provided with straight up, and level shadow plate S15, the expansion link below level shadow plate are provided with expansion link top
Upper rotate is provided with warning lamp S14；Measurement comprises the following steps：
(1) apparatus selection before cultellation and instrument verification are carried out；
(2) laser plummet apparatus is set inversely to transmit cultellation；
(3) inversely transmission is handled total powerstation vertical shaft elevation.
Carrying out apparatus selection and instrument checking procedure before cultellation includes：
(1.1) laser plummet apparatus of choice accuracy 1/200000 comes card TS30 robot measurements as cultellation instrument and use
Calibration is carried out as the reverse transfer device of elevation, and to laser plummet apparatus；
(1.2) laser plummet apparatus alidade is subjected to diameter measurement in different orientation, eliminates the water of laser plummet apparatus
Fiducial axis and instrument rotary shaft, collimation axis and the influence of rotation axle misalignment；
(1.3) on calibration platform or an elevation building is looked for, centering leveling first is carried out to laser plummet apparatus, then rotated
Laser plummet apparatus, checks whether laser plummet apparatus circular bubble and bubble tube are placed in the middle, makes axis of levelling bubble parallel or perpendicular to sharp
The rotary shaft of light plumb aligner, is then respectively aligned to 0 ° of instrument scale, 90 °, 180 °, 270 ° of four scale sides by spirit level alidade
Position simultaneously rotates laser plummet apparatus alidade, the center of graticle crosshair is observed by eyepiece, seeing 4 Ge Dianwei centers of reading is
It is no to overlap, if, the center of the graticle crosshair of laser plummet apparatus is overlapped with tester center of reticule, illustrates laser plumb
The collimation axis of instrument is vertical, illustrates that accuracy of instrument meets requirement, it is not necessary to adjustment；Otherwise, eyepiece protection cap, adjustment ten are opened
Word silk, until the center of reticule of laser plummet apparatus points to same point all the time.
Set laser plummet apparatus inversely to transmit cultellation to comprise the following steps：
(2.1) vertical shaft shaft bottom control point is buried；
(2.2) Shaft bank operation stand is set up；
(2.3) the reverse cultellation of laser plummet apparatus；
(2.4) the reverse cultellation of well head is with ground control point connection survey.
Bury process in vertical shaft shaft bottom control point：3 control points, and control point are buried in the suitable position in vertical shaft shaft bottom
The point position depth of burying to be less than vertical shaft inverted arch bottom surface about 10cm；The distance of 3 control points each other is according to the width of vertical shaft
Size wants to the greatest extent possible maximum, to improve vertically and horizontally precision during total powerstation pilot measurement；It should be noted that at embedded point position and avoid blocking
Thing.
Shaft bank operation stand, which sets up process, is：Laser plummet apparatus is erected on the control point of shaft bottom, laser is opened just
The position that operating platform is set up in wherein position is looked in the workman on the pit mouth of ground, to be passed through in operating platform laser beam
Reserve 150mm × 150mm and the preformed hole corresponding with shaft bottom control point vertical in position, it is ensured that irradiate vertically upward in laser beam
When can pass through preformed hole；If being provided with leg around vertical shaft, operating platform significantly larger than leg is allowed.
The reverse cultellation setting up procedure of laser plummet apparatus is：
(2.3.1) disposes laser plumb instrument：Three control points D0, D1 and D2 are set in shaft bottom, then in D0, D1, D2
Laser plummet apparatus is set up on these three control points respectively, and laser plummet apparatus centering is flattened；
(2.3.2) lays in reserved opening and receives target：D0 ', D1 ', D2 ' on well head straddle truck crossbeam operating platform this three
200mm × 200mm clear glass is placed on individual control point 150mm × 150mm preformed hole respectively as reception target；
(2.3.3) diameter cultellation：Laser plummet apparatus Laser Power Devices are opened, beam of laser is had and is projected from telephotolens,
Project on the straddle truck crossbeam of well head top on the reception target of 150mm × 150mm preformed holes, using diameter method of reading, operation instrument
The survey crew's marking pen of device respectively in this four disk position cultellation positioning of 0 degree, 90 degree, 180 degree and 270 degree, operating platform
Determine 4 LASER SPECKLE positions respectively on glass receiver board；The point position that 4 directions are thrown is constituted approximately on glass receiver board
In square, and require the length of side of square within 5mm；
(2.3.4) diameter intersects punctum：By 0 degree of point and 180 degree point and 90 degree of points and 270 degree of point interconnections, it is handed over
Point is the vertical control point in the shaft bottom；
(2.3.5) formation triangular closed ring：Laser plummet apparatus is on well and D0 ' and D0, D1 ' and D1, D2 ' are cast in underground
And D2, and D0 ' and D0 are spatially 2 points, but just turn into 1 point when projecting to same plane；Similarly, D1 ' and D1 is thrown
Shadow also turns into 1 point to 1 point, D2 ' and D2 is also turned into during same plane when projecting to same plane；Wire passes through cultellation on well
It is linked to be a triangular closed ring, underground wire is also linked to be a triangular closed ring by cultellation；
(2.3.6) other 2 D0, D2 control points are communicated up cultellation using same method；
(2.3.7) close ring is detected：Reverse three control point groups of D0 ', D1 ', D2 ' thrown on well head top operating platform
Triangularity, using the angle and distance relation of total powerstation TS30 inspections each other, confirmation throws the interior of control point and meets essence
Degree；
(2.3.1)~(2.3.7) steps are repeated several times in (2.3.8), take its cultellation position average.
The reverse cultellation of well head is with ground control point connection survey process：Shaft bottom is inversely delivered to the control on operating platform
Point D0 ', D1 ', D2 ' are made using total powerstation with survey of the WH1 and WH2 control points near well head according to second-class wire in total powerstation hole
Amount method carries out translocation, no less than 6 survey time of total powerstation.
Total powerstation vertical shaft elevation inversely transmits processing procedure：
(3.1) basic point pilot measurement：Using the electronic level of assay approval by side of the ground elevation according to second-order levelling
D0 ' in method and precision pilot measurement to shaft mouth operating bench, D1 ', on three control points of D2 '；
(3.2) instrumental constant is set：Before measurement, total powerstation is first placed on the domestic environment of vertical shaft endoadaptation about 20 minutes,
And total powerstation is searched for horizontal extent increasing 180 degree automatically, vertical search scope is reduced to 3 degree；
(3.3) elevation reverse sourcing：Searched for, sighted automatically automatically using robot measurement, automatic measurement, automatic record etc.
Function, places 1 spherical prism above the plumb line at Shaft bank Yu shaft bottom control point, and total powerstation centering leveling is erected at
On the D0 control points of shaft bottom, and height of instrument record is measured in the reverse cultellation specific record form of elevation；Input prism before measurement
Constant；Total powerstation carrying handle is laid down, total powerstation is manually substantially concentrated one's gaze on to the zenith prismosphere above well head, this is to only need to see whole station
The zenith angle of instrument display screen is shown as 0 degree, and unlatching total powerstation is searched for, sighted automatically automatically, automatic measurement function, total powerstation
The automatic prismosphere searched for and sighted automatically on well head zenith direction starts measurement, now, shown by total powerstation display screen
Distance plus height of instrument be vertical shaft elevation；
(3.4) as the method that the reverse transmission method of elevation at D1 and D2 two shaft bottoms control point is transmitted with D0 elevations；
(3.5) elevation imports accuracy detection：After shaft bottom D0, D1 and D2 elevation is all imported and finished, in shaft bottom whole station
Whether instrument triangulated height or level meter detection close ring meet third measurement of the level required precision；If precision transfinites, find out
Reason simultaneously returns to the repetition benefit survey of (3.2) step；
(3.6) after tested, the purchase installation diagonal eyepiece that total powerstation need not be extra can sight zenith direction automatically
Prism.
The apparatus selection of the present embodiment is used for upslide including 1 high-precision intelligent total powerstation for being used for traverse survey, 1
The optics zenith instrument of point, 1 set for downward cultellation laser plummet apparatus, 4 be used for the prism of wire ranging angle measurement, 1 use
The mini micro-lens used, 4 centering pedestal, 5 foot stools for disposing instrument for disposing prism are imported in elevation
It is used for elevation importing with 2 and compares the steel tape that test is used.D3, D4, D5, D6 and D7 in Fig. 1 are that underground control net is sat
Control point on mark system, d1, d2, d3, d4, d5 and d6 are that the line between net control point is controlled for underground.
The measuring method of the present embodiment uses the reverse cultellation method of laser plummet apparatus of upward cultellation, solves vertical shaft by well head
Downward cultellation is in the inconvenient problem in the embedded point position in shaft bottom.The measuring method is convenient in the embedded point position in shaft bottom, takes the well hole time
Short, precision is high, simple to operate, measuring speed is fast, it is practical, be easy to pile anchoring, be easy to carry out the transmission of deep shaft plane and elevation
Transmission measurement, is not easily susceptible in vertical shaft be influenceed by air-flow and dripping.When the well head of vertical shaft is tilted, laser plummet apparatus swash
Light will be irradiated on photoelectric sensor, and microcontroller is received after the photosignal that photoelectric sensor is transmitted, and microcontroller is stood
Instructed to voice prompting device, allow voice prompting device to send voice message, user is that may know that well head run-off the straight, underground work
Personnel are easy to know that laser plummet apparatus buries point.
One, with laser plummet apparatus, cultellation compares test to the reverse cultellation of laser plummet apparatus downward
Required to verify that the precision of the reverse cultellation of laser plummet apparatus is met, this measuring method is conventionally grasped by well head
Make the downward cultellation of platform.To reduce because of the influence that laser plummet apparatus precision is brought, precision is used for 1/200000 Dalian La Tesheng
The EN-20 laser plummet apparatuses of production and the precision of Witter company production are relatively tested for 1/200000 ZL zenith instruments with ratio of precision.
On March 8th, 2014 is compared test in No. 2 vertical shafts of Borland Line for Passenger Transportation.No. 2 vertical shaft well depth 56.78m, shaft bottom inverted arch elevation
1064.000m, well head straddle truck crossbeam elevation 1129.85m.Respectively by the instrument of two different operating methods of nadir instrument and zenith instrument
Device is erected on the traveling straddle truck above shaft bottom and well head.Nadir instrument, straddle truck are being set up above well head on straddle truck crossbeam
Crossbeam is apart from ground about 9m；Now, laser plummet apparatus passes through live actual measurement cultellation apart from the height 66m at shaft bottom control point
Obtain that EN-20 nadirs instrument is consistent with ZL zenith instrument results, throw 3 control points D0, D1 and D2 error in point measurement all 1mm with
It is interior, the penetrating accuracy requirement required for shaft plumbing is fully met, is illustrated using the reverse cultellation method of ZL zenith instruments is feasible, precision
Reliably, practicality simple to operate.Compare test result and be shown in Table 1 in detail.
The reverse cultellation of table 1ZL zenith instruments compares test result table with the vertical cultellation of EN-20 nadir instrument
2nd, inversely transmission compares test to total powerstation vertical shaft elevation with vertical chi introductory technique
The vertical chi introductory technique of tradition：Elevation transmission measurement is carried out using the method for suspending 100m steel rulers in midair in vertical shaft.On well and
Underground respectively disposes spirit level to read the B Sopwith staffs b2 on well head benchmark A Sopwith staffs a1 and shaft bottom D0 respectively；Then it will identify
100m steel tapes are suspended in well；And the weight that phase homogenous quantities are examined and determine with steel ruler should be suspended in midair on steel ruler.Treat that steel tape is stable
Shi Jing is upper and underground spirit level passes through intercom reading a2 and b2 simultaneously；The survey time of independent observation three is answered every time, to be changed per the survey time
Height of instrument, three survey time measure on the ground, the discrepancy in elevation of underground bench mark is poor should be less than 3.0mm, the discrepancy in elevation that three survey time determined is carried out
Temperature, chi length and deadweight tension force correction, measure No. the three steel rulers reading drawn and average.The elevation H of shaft bottom D0 pointsD0=HA+
(a1-b1)+(a2-b2)。
D1 with D2 steel tape introductory techniques with D0 as, after D0, D1, D2 all import after with shaft bottom spirit level measure closure
Ring, checks the precision imported.
The total powerstation same step of elevation reverse sourcing method (3).
After tested, imported using 3 points of gained elevations of total powerstation elevation vertical shaft reverse sourcing D0, D1, D2 with traditional vertical chi
Method result is consistent.In detail 2 are the results are shown in Table than survey.
The reverse elevation introductory technique of the total powerstation of table 2 compares test result with vertical chi introductory technique
| Introductory technique | D0(m) | D1(m) | D2 | Required precision |
| Total powerstation reverse sourcing method | 1063.8622 | 1063.8151 | 1063.9858 | ±3.1 |
| Hang down chi introductory technique | 1063.8613 | 1063.8143 | 1063.9871 | ±3.1 |
| Difference (mm) | +0.9 | +0.8 | -1.3 | ±3.1 |
| Conclusion | Meet required precision | Meet required precision | Meet required precision | Meet required precision |
Embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with accompanying drawing, but are not limited when realizing by above-described embodiment, this area
Those of ordinary skill can make a variety of changes or change within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. the reverse coordinate transmission cultellation construction survey method of tunnel shaft, it is characterised in that buried in vertical shaft shaft bottom at control point
Vertical shaft inverted arch bottom surface be provided with inverted arch vertical holes, support is provided with inverted arch vertical holes, provided with equal up and down on support
There is the spherical groove of opening, universal rotational is provided with spin in spherical groove, laser plummet apparatus is fixed on spherical groove upper shed
In the spin at end, suspension rod is fixed with straight down in the spin of spherical groove lower open end, is fixed with downrod lower end
Gravitation ball, and the centre of sphere of the laser center line of laser plummet apparatus, the centre of sphere of Roll and gravitation ball all falls axle in suspension rod
On the extended line of heart line；It is flat in operation on the operational platform provided with microcontroller and the voice prompting device being connected with microcontroller
It is vertical provided with that can allow the thang-kng pipe that the laser of laser plummet apparatus passes through in preformed hole on platform, it is provided with the inner tubal wall of thang-kng pipe
The photoelectric sensor being connected with microcontroller；Also it is provided with expansion link straight up on support, level is provided with expansion link top
Shadow shield, rotates on the expansion link below level shadow plate and is provided with warning lamp；Measuring method comprises the following steps：(1) carry out
Apparatus selection and instrument verification before cultellation；(2) laser plummet apparatus is set inversely to transmit cultellation；(3) total powerstation vertical shaft elevation is inverse
Handled to transmission.
2. the reverse coordinate transmission cultellation construction survey method of tunnel shaft according to claim 1, it is characterised in that carry out
Apparatus selection and instrument checking procedure before cultellation include：
(1.1) laser plummet apparatus of choice accuracy 1/200000 comes card TS30 robot measurement conducts as cultellation instrument and use
The reverse transfer device of elevation, and calibration is carried out to laser plummet apparatus；
(1.2) laser plummet apparatus alidade is subjected to diameter measurement in different orientation, eliminates the axis of levelling bubble of laser plummet apparatus
With instrument rotary shaft, collimation axis and the influence of rotation axle misalignment；
(1.3) on calibration platform or an elevation building is looked for, centering leveling first is carried out to laser plummet apparatus, laser is then rotated
Plumb aligner, checks whether laser plummet apparatus circular bubble and bubble tube are placed in the middle, makes axis of levelling bubble parallel or perpendicular to laser lead
Hang down instrument rotary shaft, then by spirit level alidade be respectively aligned to 0 ° of instrument scale, 90 °, 180 °, 270 ° of four scale orientation simultaneously
Laser plummet apparatus alidade is rotated, the center of graticle crosshair is observed by eyepiece, sees whether 4 Ge Dianwei centers of reading weigh
Close, if, the center of the graticle crosshair of laser plummet apparatus is overlapped with tester center of reticule, illustrates laser plummet apparatus
Collimation axis is vertical, illustrates that accuracy of instrument meets requirement, it is not necessary to adjustment；Otherwise, eyepiece protection cap, adjustment cross are opened
Silk, until the center of reticule of laser plummet apparatus points to same point all the time.
3. the reverse coordinate transmission cultellation construction survey method of tunnel shaft according to claim 1, it is characterised in that set
Laser plummet apparatus inversely transmits cultellation and comprised the following steps：
(2.1) vertical shaft shaft bottom control point is buried；
(2.2) Shaft bank operation stand is set up；
(2.3) the reverse cultellation of laser plummet apparatus；
(2.4) the reverse cultellation of well head is with ground control point connection survey.
4. the reverse coordinate transmission cultellation construction survey method of tunnel shaft according to claim 3, it is characterised in that vertical shaft
Bury process in shaft bottom control point：3 control points are buried in the suitable position in vertical shaft shaft bottom, and the point position at control point is embedded deep
Degree will be less than vertical shaft inverted arch bottom surface about 10cm；The distance of 3 control points each other is possible to the greatest extent according to the width dimensions of vertical shaft
Maximum, to improve vertically and horizontally precision during total powerstation pilot measurement；Avoiding shelter is should be noted that at embedded point position.
5. the reverse coordinate transmission cultellation construction survey method of tunnel shaft according to claim 3, it is characterised in that vertical shaft
Well-mouth operating floor frame sets up process：Laser plummet apparatus is erected on the control point of shaft bottom, laser is opened and is easy to ground pit mouth
On workman look for the position that operating platform is set up in wherein position, the position to pass through in operating platform laser beam reserve
150mm × 150mm and the preformed hole corresponding with shaft bottom control point vertical, it is ensured that can be passed through when laser beam irradiates vertically upward
Preformed hole；If being provided with leg around vertical shaft, operating platform significantly larger than leg is allowed.
6. the reverse coordinate transmission cultellation construction survey method of tunnel shaft according to claim 3, it is characterised in that laser
The reverse cultellation setting up procedure of plumb aligner is：
(2.3.1) disposes laser plumb instrument：Shaft bottom set three control points D0, D1 and D2, then D0, D1, D2 this three
Laser plummet apparatus is set up on individual control point respectively, and laser plummet apparatus centering is flattened；
(2.3.2) lays in reserved opening and receives target：These three controls of D0 ', D1 ', D2 ' on well head straddle truck crossbeam operating platform
200mm × 200mm clear glass is placed on system point 150mm × 150mm preformed hole respectively as reception target；
(2.3.3) diameter cultellation：Laser plummet apparatus Laser Power Devices are opened, beam of laser is had and is projected from telephotolens, are projected
At the top of to well head on straddle truck crossbeam on the reception target of 150mm × 150mm preformed holes, using diameter method of reading, operating instrument point
Survey crew not in this four disk position cultellation positioning of 0 degree, 90 degree, 180 degree and 270 degree, operating platform is with marking pen in glass
4 LASER SPECKLE positions are determined on glass receiver board respectively；The point position that 4 directions are thrown is constituted on glass receiver board to be similar to just
It is square, and require the length of side of square within 5mm；
(2.3.4) diameter intersects punctum：By 0 degree of point and 180 degree point and 90 degree of points and 270 degree of point interconnections, its intersection point is
For the vertical control point in the shaft bottom；
(2.3.5) formation triangular closed ring：Laser plummet apparatus on well and underground cast D0 ' and D0, D1 ' and D1, D2 ' and
D2, and D0 ' and D0 are spatially 2 points, but just turn into 1 point when projecting to same plane；Similarly, D1 ' and D1 is projected
To 1 point is also turned into during same plane, D2 ' and D2 also turns into 1 point when projecting to same plane；Wire is connected by cultellation on well
Into a triangular closed ring, underground wire is also linked to be a triangular closed ring by cultellation；
(2.3.6) other 2 D0, D2 control points are communicated up cultellation using same method；
(2.3.7) close ring is detected：Reverse three control point compositions three of D0 ', D1 ', the D2 ' thrown on well head top operating platform
Angular, using the angle and distance relation of total powerstation TS30 inspections each other, the precision of inner coincidence at control point is thrown in confirmation；
(2.3.1)~(2.3.7) steps are repeated several times in (2.3.8), take its cultellation position average.
7. the reverse coordinate transmission cultellation construction survey method of tunnel shaft according to claim 3, it is characterised in that well head
Inversely cultellation is with ground control point connection survey process：Shaft bottom is inversely delivered to control point D0 ' on operating platform, D1 ',
D2 ' is joined using total powerstation with WH1 the and WH2 control points near well head according to the measuring method of second-class wire in total powerstation hole
Survey, no less than 6 survey time of total powerstation.
8. the reverse coordinate transmission cultellation construction survey method of tunnel shaft according to claim 1, it is characterised in that whole station
Instrument vertical shaft elevation inversely transmits processing procedure：
(3.1) basic point pilot measurement：Using assay approval electronic level by ground elevation according to second-order levelling method and
D0 ' on precision pilot measurement to shaft mouth operating bench, D1 ', on three control points of D2 '；
(3.2) instrumental constant is set：Before measurement, total powerstation is first placed on the domestic environment of vertical shaft endoadaptation about 20 minutes, and will
Total powerstation searches for horizontal extent and increases 180 degree automatically, and vertical search scope is reduced to 3 degree；
(3.3) elevation reverse sourcing：Searched for, sighted automatically automatically using robot measurement, the work(such as automatic measurement, automatic record
Can, 1 spherical prism is placed above the plumb line at Shaft bank Yu shaft bottom control point, total powerstation centering leveling is erected at well
On the D0 control points of bottom, and height of instrument record is measured in the reverse cultellation specific record form of elevation；Input prism is normal before measurement
Number；Total powerstation carrying handle is laid down, total powerstation is manually substantially concentrated one's gaze on to the zenith prismosphere above well head, this is to only need to see total powerstation
The zenith angle of display screen is shown as 0 degree, and unlatching total powerstation is searched for, sighted automatically automatically, automatic measurement function, and total powerstation is certainly
The dynamic prismosphere searched for and sighted automatically on well head zenith direction starts measurement, now, shown by total powerstation display screen
Distance is vertical shaft elevation plus height of instrument；
(3.4) as the method that the reverse transmission method of elevation at D1 and D2 two shaft bottoms control point is transmitted with D0 elevations；
(3.5) elevation imports accuracy detection：After shaft bottom D0, D1 and D2 elevation is all imported and finished, in shaft bottom total powerstation three
Whether angle elevation or level meter detection close ring meet third measurement of the level required precision；If precision transfinites, reason is found out
And return to the repetition benefit survey of (3.2) step；
(3.6) after tested, the purchase installation diagonal eyepiece that total powerstation need not be extra can sight the prism of zenith direction automatically.
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| CN114320305B (en) * | 2022-01-05 | 2024-06-07 | 浙江宁海抽水蓄能有限公司 | Optical vision vertical shaft excavation guiding system and guiding method |
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| CN114485584B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2023-05-05 | 中铁第六勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Subway interval joint measurement method based on reverse connection measurement |
| CN114485584A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-05-13 | 中铁第六勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Subway interval joint measurement method based on reverse joint measurement |
| CN114320305A (en) * | 2022-01-05 | 2022-04-12 | 浙江宁海抽水蓄能有限公司 | Optical vision shaft excavation guiding system and guiding method |
| CN114320305B (en) * | 2022-01-05 | 2024-06-07 | 浙江宁海抽水蓄能有限公司 | Optical vision vertical shaft excavation guiding system and guiding method |
| CN114396915A (en) * | 2022-01-23 | 2022-04-26 | 中国电建集团河北省电力勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Underground electric power tunnel engineering elevation measurement method |
| CN114396915B (en) * | 2022-01-23 | 2023-11-17 | 中国电建集团河北省电力勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Underground electric power tunnel engineering elevation measurement method |
| CN114577188A (en) * | 2022-01-25 | 2022-06-03 | 武汉理工大学 | Laser alignment guide device and system for tunnel construction |
| CN114413870A (en) * | 2022-03-28 | 2022-04-29 | 中交第一航务工程局有限公司 | Tunnel multi-line lead penetration measuring method |
| CN114543772B (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-07-08 | 中交第一航务工程局有限公司 | In-tunnel and out-tunnel contact measurement method of immersed tunnel and double-tunnel point-throwing contact measurement method |
| CN114543772A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-05-27 | 中交第一航务工程局有限公司 | In-tunnel and out-tunnel contact measurement method of immersed tunnel and double-tunnel point-throwing contact measurement method |
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