CN110966007A - Curved arc excavation method for downward bending section of vertical shaft - Google Patents
Curved arc excavation method for downward bending section of vertical shaft Download PDFInfo
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- CN110966007A CN110966007A CN201911306312.4A CN201911306312A CN110966007A CN 110966007 A CN110966007 A CN 110966007A CN 201911306312 A CN201911306312 A CN 201911306312A CN 110966007 A CN110966007 A CN 110966007A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D1/00—Sinking shafts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
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Abstract
The invention discloses a shaft downward bending section curved arc excavation method, which comprises the steps of performing vertical bidirectional advanced excavation on a vertical shaft downward bending section curved arc triangular body, and after the advanced excavation is completed, excavating a first guide groove in the rest part, so that a space without line-of-sight blocking exists between the rear wall of a shaft and the tail end of the downward bending section, and a total station is ensured to obtain good through-sight conditions; the control point is led to the tail end of the anchor rod in the shaft through the measuring station for erecting the total station and the known control point in the lower horizontal section, so that the control point in the shaft is not covered when the anchor is sprayed, the control point is led into the shaft, hole-by-hole light explosion hole site lofting is conveniently carried out on the curved arc part, the accuracy of measuring lofting is finally guaranteed, the quality of excavation construction is improved, and the forming accuracy of the curved arc part is guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of shaft excavation, in particular to a curved arc excavation method for a shaft downward bending section.
Background
At present, the control level of the accurate body type of the underground bent section excavation measurement of the vertical shaft is low at home and abroad, the over excavation is more, and particularly, the accurate body type control research on the bent section is not enough. When the curved arc excavation of the shaft downward bending section is measured and lofting, a known rear view point is usually adopted to carry out point turning to a straight lofting part for specific lofting measurement work, and the problems of control point loss and sight line obstruction in the shaft exist, so that construction progress is delayed, construction quality is poor and resources are wasted.
The existing lofting method for measuring the curved arc excavation of the underground curved section of the vertical shaft comprises the following steps: 1) erecting an instrument at a flat and well-sighted position, and establishing a measuring station; 2) rotating horizontal and vertical micromotion spiral measuring points of the total station by using a prism-free reflection function of the total station, and calculating by combining a programming calculator until the measured position of the total station is consistent with the calculation result of the calculator; 3) marking the accurate position (marking the pile number, elevation and other related information by red paint); 4) and repeating the steps until all point positions and the measuring section are set out.
The existing excavation method has the following defects: 1) the curved-arc triangular body of the vertical shaft downward bending section can block the sight of the bottom of the vertical shaft downward bending section and the inner wall of the vertical shaft, and the total station cannot obtain good through-viewing conditions, so that the measurement of the total station is influenced; 2) due to the influence of the field excavation construction of the vertical shaft, measurement control points in the vertical shaft are difficult to store and are lost, so that the measurement lofting precision is insufficient, and the excavation construction quality is influenced.
Related terms
And (3) shaft: a well-shaped pipeline with an upright hole wall.
A vertical underground bending section: and the bent arc section is connected with the lower part of the vertical shaft and the horizontal cavern.
A lower horizontal section of the vertical shaft: a horizontal chamber connected to the end of the shaft.
Lofting: the lofting is to find out the geometric relationship between the characteristic points of each part of the building and the control points according to the design size of the building, calculate lofting data such as distance, angle, elevation, coordinates and the like, and then use the control points to determine the characteristic points of the building on the spot for construction.
Turning points: when two adjacent intersection points are not in mutual sight, one point or several points, called turning points (the function of which is mainly the transmission direction), should be measured on the connecting line or the extension line for angle measurement and distance measurement.
And (3) control points: before the measurement operation is carried out, a series of points are arranged in the range of the region to be measured to complete the measurement operation of the whole region, and the arranged points are control points. Knowing the coordinates of one control point, the coordinates of other points can be measured from the control point.
Total station: the surveying instrument integrates the functions of horizontal angle, vertical angle, distance (slant distance and horizontal distance) and height difference measurement.
The general viewing conditions are as follows: the condition that two points are visible to each other.
A bent arc triangle body: and after the shaft and the lower flat section are excavated, the triangular part exists at the curved arc part when the lower curved section is not excavated.
Anchor rod: the anchor rod is a rod piece system structure for reinforcing rock and soil mass, and the whole anchor rod is divided into a free section and an anchoring section.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a curved arc excavation method for a vertical shaft lower curved section, aiming at the problems of control point loss and sight line obstruction in lofting of the vertical shaft lower curved section, improvement is made to ensure the accuracy of measurement lofting so as to ensure the quality of excavation construction and the forming accuracy of a curved arc part.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a curved arc excavation method for a downward bending section of a vertical shaft comprises the following steps:
step 1: performing upper advanced excavation at a curved arc triangular body of a downward-curved section of the vertical shaft, excavating a rock surface platform downwards at the upper part, and preparing for later measurement and lofting, wherein the rock surface platform can be used for later erection of a total station and manual operation; the size of the excavated rock face platform is determined according to the requirements of later erected instruments and workers;
step 2: the lower part of the bent triangular body of the downward bent section of the vertical shaft is excavated in advance, and the downward excavation depth of the lower part of the bent triangular body enables the later excavation of the pilot groove to be convenient for construction, so that good visibility conditions are created;
and step 3: a pilot groove with a certain width is dug on a curved-arc triangular body of a downward-curved section of the vertical shaft, and the digging position and the digging depth of the pilot groove need to enable a space without line-of-sight separation to exist between the rear wall of the vertical shaft and the tail end of the downward-curved section, so that a total station is ensured to obtain good through-view conditions;
and 4, step 4: under the condition that the rear wall of the vertical shaft and the excavated pilot groove form a through-view condition, erecting a total station at the bottom of the lower flat section, and establishing a survey station;
and 5: guiding a control point in the shaft to an anchor rod in the shaft;
step 6: using a total station erected at the bottom of the lower horizontal section, taking the position of the total station as a measuring point, and inputting coordinates of the measuring point in the total station; taking a known control point in the following flat section as a measured rear viewpoint, measuring a flat distance between a measuring point and the rear viewpoint, and inputting a rear viewpoint coordinate in a total station after calculation; taking the tail end of the anchor rod exposed out of the inner wall of the vertical shaft as another control point, recording the control point as a front viewpoint, and placing the prism at the front viewpoint; through the guide slot, the measuring point where the total station is located and the rear view point obtain the through condition, the total station is rotated to be aligned to the forward-looking point, and the coordinates of the forward-looking point are measured and read out and input into the total station;
and 7: after the control point is introduced, the total station can be erected on an unearthed rock face platform in the shaft for measurement lofting, accurate lofting of a curved arc part is guaranteed, and curved arc excavation of a downward curved section of the shaft is completed.
Further, in step 1, the distance from the rock face platform to the bottom of the bent section is one half of the radius of the bent arc.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the method comprises the steps of carrying out up-down bidirectional advanced excavation on a curved triangular body of a downward bending section of a vertical shaft, and excavating a pilot groove with a certain width in the rest part after the advanced excavation is finished, so that a space without line-of-sight separation exists between the rear wall of the vertical shaft and the tail end of the downward bending section, and a total station can be ensured to obtain good visibility conditions.
2) The control point is led to the tail end of the anchor rod in the shaft through the measuring station for erecting the total station and the known control point in the lower horizontal section, so that the control point in the shaft is not covered during anchor spraying, the control point is led into the shaft, hole-by-hole light explosion hole position lofting is conveniently carried out on the curved arc part, the precision is guaranteed, and the construction quality can be improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the advanced excavation of a curved-arc triangular body at a downward bending section.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the excavation of a lower bending section curved-arc triangular body pilot groove.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a back wall introduction measurement control point in a kick-down section well.
In the figure: the system comprises an upper advanced excavation part, a lower advanced excavation part, a guide groove with a certain width, a total station (a measuring point A), a measuring rear view point (a rear view point B), a measuring control point (a front view point C) in a well, a total station (a measuring point A), a measuring control point (a measuring control point C) and an anchor rod (7).
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The invention improves the control point introduction method, mainly excavates the guide groove 3 shape first to guarantee the through-looking condition of the total station 4, introduces the control point of the vertical shaft lower flat section on the back wall in the shaft, and concretely comprises the following steps:
firstly, as shown in figure 1, the curved triangular body part of the vertical shaft lower curved section is excavated in an up-down bidirectional advance manner. The upper advanced excavation part 1 excavates a rock surface platform for later erection of a total station and manual operation, preparation is made for later measurement and lofting, the excavation size of the rock surface platform is determined according to the requirements of later erection of instruments and workers, and the distance from the rock surface platform to the bottom of the bent section is about one half of the radius of the bent arc.
The upward excavation of the lower advanced excavation part 2 has no specific size requirement, the excavation depth enables the later excavation of the pilot groove 3 to be more convenient, and the general excavation trend is that the excavation is more close to one side in the shaft and less close to the arc bending part. Here, excavation is an essential step performed to create good visibility conditions.
Secondly, as shown in fig. 2, a pilot groove 3 with a certain width (for example, 1 meter) is excavated on the curved triangle body of the downward-curved section of the shaft, so that a space without line-of-sight blocking exists between the rear wall of the shaft and the end of the downward-curved section, and a good through-view condition of the total station 4 is ensured.
And thirdly, erecting a total station 4 at the bottom of the lower flat section forming a good through-view condition through the excavated pilot groove 3 and the rear wall of the vertical shaft, and establishing a survey station.
Fourthly, because the vertical shaft is not provided with a measurement control point, the measurement control point in the lower flat section needs to be introduced into the rear wall in the vertical shaft; at the same time, in order to prevent the control points on the inner wall of the shaft from being covered during bolting, the control points in the shaft need to be led to the anchor rods 7 in the shaft.
And fifthly, as shown in fig. 3, using the total station 4 erected at the bottom of the lower horizontal section, and inputting coordinates of the measuring point into the total station 4 by taking the position of the total station 4 as a measuring point (point A). The known control point in the following flat segment is used as a measured rear view point (point B), and the horizontal distance between the point a and the point B is measured, and the rear view point coordinates are input into the total station 4 after calculation. The end of the anchor rod 7 exposed from the inner wall of the shaft is used as another control point (point C), and the prism is placed at the point C. Through the pilot groove 3 excavated in advance, the point A and the point C where the total station 4 is located have obtained better through-looking conditions, so the total station 4 is rotated to align with the point C, and the coordinates of the point C are measured and read out and input into the total station.
And sixthly, after the control point is introduced, the total station 4 can be erected on an un-excavated rock surface platform in the shaft to perform measurement lofting, so that the lofting of the curved arc part is more accurate.
In practical operation, the following matters should be noted: 1) the measurement must be carried out with the instrument strictly checked according to the regulations, and measurement errors caused by the error of the instrument are prevented. 2) The measurement time is controlled to be selected in windless and cloudy days, so that burning days and rainy days are avoided, and the influence of natural conditions on the measurement precision is reduced. 3) All the time, the measurement is performed by a fixed full-time surveyor, and important axis positioning and measurement should be checked and rechecked by a balance calculator, and if errors occur, the errors should be corrected in time.
Claims (2)
1. The curved arc excavation method for the downward bending section of the vertical shaft is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: performing upper advanced excavation at a curved arc triangular body of a downward-curved section of the vertical shaft, excavating a rock surface platform downwards at the upper part, and preparing for later measurement and lofting, wherein the rock surface platform can be used for later erection of a total station and manual operation; the size of the excavated rock face platform is determined according to the requirements of later erected instruments and workers;
step 2: the lower part of the bent triangular body of the downward bent section of the vertical shaft is excavated in advance, and the downward excavation depth of the lower part of the bent triangular body enables the later excavation of the pilot groove to be convenient for construction, so that good visibility conditions are created;
and step 3: a pilot groove with a certain width is dug on a curved-arc triangular body of a downward-curved section of the vertical shaft, and the digging position and the digging depth of the pilot groove need to enable a space without line-of-sight separation to exist between the rear wall of the vertical shaft and the tail end of the downward-curved section, so that a total station is ensured to obtain good through-view conditions;
and 4, step 4: under the condition that the rear wall of the vertical shaft and the excavated pilot groove form a through-view condition, erecting a total station at the bottom of the lower flat section, and establishing a survey station;
and 5: guiding a control point in the shaft to an anchor rod in the shaft;
step 6: using a total station erected at the bottom of the lower horizontal section, taking the position of the total station as a measuring point, and inputting coordinates of the measuring point in the total station; taking a known control point in the following flat section as a measured rear viewpoint, measuring a flat distance between a measuring point and the rear viewpoint, and inputting a rear viewpoint coordinate in a total station after calculation; taking the tail end of the anchor rod exposed out of the inner wall of the vertical shaft as another control point, recording the control point as a front viewpoint, and placing the prism at the front viewpoint; through the guide slot, the measuring point where the total station is located and the rear view point obtain the through condition, the total station is rotated to be aligned to the forward-looking point, and the coordinates of the forward-looking point are measured and read out and input into the total station;
and 7: after the control point is introduced, the total station can be erected on an unearthed rock face platform in the shaft for measurement lofting, accurate lofting of a curved arc part is guaranteed, and curved arc excavation of a downward curved section of the shaft is completed.
2. The curved arc excavation method for the downward-bent section of the shaft according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the distance from the rock surface platform to the bottom of the bent section is half of the radius of the curved arc.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911306312.4A CN110966007B (en) | 2019-12-18 | 2019-12-18 | Curved arc excavation method for downward bending section of vertical shaft |
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| CN201911306312.4A CN110966007B (en) | 2019-12-18 | 2019-12-18 | Curved arc excavation method for downward bending section of vertical shaft |
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| CN110966007B CN110966007B (en) | 2020-12-25 |
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2019
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Patent Citations (9)
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| CN104328799A (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2015-02-04 | 中建交通建设集团有限公司 | Accurate positioning method for steel pipe column in cover and cut top-down subway station |
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