CN106767672B - The method for determining ORIENTATION OF DISCONTINUITY IN ROCK MASS based on trace - Google Patents
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods for determining ORIENTATION OF DISCONTINUITY IN ROCK MASS based on trace, belong to rock mass field of measuring technique, the new method for determining ORIENTATION OF DISCONTINUITY IN ROCK MASS based on trace is provided, is particularly suitable for excavating the rock excavation engineering that direction is intersected with structural plane trend in low-angle.The method of the present invention that ORIENTATION OF DISCONTINUITY IN ROCK MASS is determined based on trace, without using circumferentor, therefore it can be advantageously applied to that rock mass discontinuity outcrop area during rock excavation is small, compass can not be close to the case where structural plane measures, meanwhile method of the present invention will not be by magnetic interference；Therefore it can get accurate structural plane occurrence information.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to rock mass field of measuring technique more particularly to a kind of sides that ORIENTATION OF DISCONTINUITY IN ROCK MASS is determined based on trace
Method.
Background technique
ORIENTATION OF DISCONTINUITY IN ROCK MASS is an important content of engineering geology research, mainly includes three big elements, point
Be not: trend: the intersection of structural plane and horizontal plane is the strike line of the structural plane, and strike line both ends direction is structural plane
Trend；Tendency: perpendicular to strike line, the straight line drawn downwards along incline structure is the parallax of the structural plane, inclination
The direction of the projection line meaning of line in the horizontal plane is the tendency of structural plane；Inclination angle: parallax and its throwing in the horizontal plane
Angle between hachure is the inclination angle of structural plane.
Currently, conventional mode is to be surveyed using tools such as circumferentores to the corresponding element of the structural plane occurrence of rock mass
Amount.But in some excavation projects, excavates direction and intersect with rock mass discontinuity trend in low-angle；Wherein, when excavation direction
When angle between rock mass discontinuity trend is 0~30 °, that is, think that the two intersects in low-angle, at this point, excavation face and rock mass
Angle between structural plane is 60~90 °；Wherein, excavation face refers to the working face pushed ahead in digging process along excavation direction,
It is perpendicular with excavation direction.In such rock excavation engineering, due to the angle between excavation face and rock mass discontinuity trend
The area of rock mass discontinuity exposure near 90 °, therefore in any excavation face is very small, leads to not ground directly
Matter compass is attached on strata structure face, and then can not directly be measured to the occurrence of rock mass discontinuity.At present for above-mentioned feelings
The processing mode of condition is measured after usually substantially determining a direction according to personal subjective sensation using circumferentor, but
The accuracy of this measurement method is difficult to ensure.In addition, often there are a large amount of metal objects in construction site, such as trolley, anchor pole, steel
Muscle etc., circumferentor are easy by magnetic interference, this also results in its measurement result inaccuracy.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a kind of new methods for determining ORIENTATION OF DISCONTINUITY IN ROCK MASS based on trace, especially
The rock excavation engineering intersected with structural plane trend in low-angle it is suitable for excavating direction.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problems is: the side of ORIENTATION OF DISCONTINUITY IN ROCK MASS is determined based on trace
Method, including the measurement method moved towards to rock mass discontinuity, the measurement method of the rock mass discontinuity trend includes the following steps:
A, it in digging process, chooses a wherein excavation face and is chosen in the first excavation plane as the first excavation plane
Wherein for a rock mass discontinuity as measurement structure face, it is the first friendship that the intersection that plane is formed is excavated with first in the measurement structure face
Line chooses the first measurement point A on the first intersection；A upright plane parallel with direction is excavated is chosen as reference plane；Measurement institute
The elevation H1 and the first measurement point A of the first measurement point A are stated to the horizontal distance L1 of reference plane；
B, along excavate direction continue excavate certain distance Δ L after using corresponding excavation face as second excavate plane, it is described
It is the second intersection that the intersection that plane is formed is excavated with second in measurement structure face, and taking elevation on the second intersection is that point corresponding to H1 is
Second measurement point B；Measure the horizontal distance L2 of the second measurement point B to reference plane；
C, taking α is that rock mass discontinuity moves towards and excavates the angle between direction, and has:
D, according to direction and above-mentioned angle α is excavated, the trend of rock mass discontinuity can be obtained.
Further, further include the measurement method to rock mass discontinuity inclination angle, the measurement at the rock mass discontinuity inclination angle
Method further includes following steps on the basis of the measurement method that above-mentioned rock mass discontinuity moves towards: on first intersection away from
Choose third measurement point C in the position of first measurement point A certain distance；The first measurement point A and third measurement point C is measured to open first
Dig the horizontal direction spacing M and vertical spacing N in plane；Taking θ is the inclination angle of rock mass discontinuity, and is had:
Further, further include the measurement method to rock mass discontinuity inclination angle, the measurement at the rock mass discontinuity inclination angle
Method further includes following steps on the basis of the measurement method that above-mentioned rock mass discontinuity moves towards: on second intersection away from
Choose the 4th measurement point D in the position of second measurement point B certain distance；The second measurement point B and the 4th measurement point D is measured to open second
Dig the horizontal direction spacing Q and vertical spacing P in plane；Taking θ is the inclination angle of rock mass discontinuity, and is had:
Further, further include the measurement method to rock mass discontinuity inclination angle, the measurement at the rock mass discontinuity inclination angle
Method further includes following steps on the basis of the measurement method that above-mentioned rock mass discontinuity moves towards: measurement first intersection exists
First excavates the tilt angle gamma of plane；Taking θ is the inclination angle of rock mass discontinuity, and is had:
Further, the size of the tilt angle gamma can also be by measuring second intersection inclining in the second excavation plane
Angle obtains.
Further, excavating the deviation or combination in plane first in conjunction with rock mass discontinuity trend and the first intersection
The deviation of rock mass discontinuity trend and the second intersection in the second excavation plane, obtains the tendency of rock mass discontinuity.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the method for the invention is without using circumferentor, therefore can be advantageously applied to
Rock mass discontinuity outcrop area is small during rock excavation, compass can not be close to structural plane and carry out situation measured directly, especially
The rock excavation engineering intersected with structural plane trend in low-angle suitable for excavating direction；Meanwhile method of the present invention
It not will receive magnetic interference；Therefore can exist at the scene under conditions of metal objects and obtain accurate structural plane occurrence information.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the top view by taking tunnel drivage is excavated as an example；
Fig. 2 is the first schematic cross-section for excavating plane in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the second schematic cross-section for excavating plane in Fig. 1；
Fig. 4 is schematic diagram of two measurement point of A, B in overlook direction；
Fig. 5 is the axis side view for the three-axis reference established using A point as origin；
Fig. 6 is the axis side view for the three-axis reference established using B point as origin；
In the figure, it is marked as first excavate plane 1, measurement structure face 2, the first intersection 3, reference plane 4, second excavate plane 5,
Second intersection 6, tunnel 7, the first measurement point A, the second measurement point B, third measurement point C, the 4th measurement point D.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
It is the schematic diagram of the specific embodiment of a tunnel excavation project shown in as shown in Figure 1 to Figure 4, it is of the present invention to be based on
The method that trace determines ORIENTATION OF DISCONTINUITY IN ROCK MASS, wherein the excavation direction of tunnel is intersected with rock mass discontinuity in low-angle, wherein
Low-angle intersection refers to that the trend of excavation direction and rock mass discontinuity is substantially in the same direction, and angle is usually less than 30 °；Correspondingly,
The excavation face vertical with direction is excavated is in then nearly plumbness with the trend of rock mass discontinuity, is typically in the range of between 60 ° to 90 °；
And trace then refers to the trajectory line that rock mass discontinuity is presented in excavation face.It is of the present invention that rock mass is determined based on trace
The method of structural plane occurrence, including the measurement method moved towards to rock mass discontinuity, the measurement method of the rock mass discontinuity trend
Include the following steps:
A, it in digging process, chooses a wherein excavation face and is selected in the first excavation plane 1 as the first excavation plane 1
Take wherein that as measurement structure face 2, the intersection that the measurement structure face 2 and the first excavation plane 1 are formed is a rock mass discontinuity
First intersection 3 chooses the first measurement point A on the first intersection 3；A upright plane parallel with direction is excavated is chosen as reference plane
4；The elevation H1 and the first measurement point A of the first measurement point A are measured to the horizontal distance L1 of reference plane 4；
B, along excavate direction continue excavate certain distance Δ L after using corresponding excavation face as second excavate plane 5, it is described
The intersection that plane 5 is formed is excavated as the second intersection 6 in measurement structure face 2 and second, and taking elevation on the second intersection 6 is corresponding to H1
Point is the second measurement point B；Measure the horizontal distance L2 of the second measurement point B to reference plane 4；
C, taking α is that rock mass discontinuity moves towards and excavates the angle between direction, and has:
D, according to direction and above-mentioned angle α is excavated, the trend of rock mass discontinuity can be obtained.
Wherein, the selection for excavating plane 1 for first, theoretically there is no any restrictions, it is however generally that, it can be according to reality
Situation suitably chooses corresponding excavation face as first and excavates plane when needing to carry out ORIENTATION OF DISCONTINUITY IN ROCK MASS measurement work
1.When being measured accordingly after determining the first excavation plane 1, should stop excavating work, then survey crew opens first
Dig plane 1 on according to circumstances choose wherein a rock mass discontinuity as measurement structure face 2.Due to the present invention is directed structural plane
The excavation project intersected with excavation direction low-angle is moved towards, therefore in entire excavation face, each rock mass discontinuity will be in attached drawing 2
With 3 shown in ribbon, referring to shown in attached drawing；It can choose wherein that a rock mass discontinuity is as measurement structure face 2, accordingly
The measurement structure face 2 and first excavate plane 1 intersection be the first intersection 3, heavy line part as shown in Figure 2 is the
One intersection 3, corresponding first intersection 3 are trace of the corresponding measurement structure face in the first excavation face 1.Then, then
The first measurement point A is chosen on first intersection 3；The selection of first measurement point A is not also restricted, and general choose is convenient for accordingly
The position of measurement.Structural plane in rock mass, referring in rock mass has certain orientation, larger, the lesser planar of thickness of extension
Geological interface, interface and discontinuity surface including substance, as level, sedimentary discontinuity, joint, tomography, thinner thickness it is soft
Weak interlayer etc.；The measurement structure face chosen during above-mentioned measurement structure face trend is a level；Certainly, theoretically it can also be
The other types of any structure face intersected with excavation direction low-angle.And for reference plane 4, it is that first is measured for after
Measurement point A to the reference plane 4 horizontal distance L1 and it is subsequent measurement the second measurement point B to the reference plane 4 horizontal distance L2.
Reference plane 4 should meet for perpendicular, and it should be parallel with direction is excavated；Such as attached drawing 2 is to shown in Fig. 4, for choosing
The upright side walls of the tunnel excavation 7 taken wherein side are as reference plane 4.
After being measured accordingly the first excavation plane 1, excavation headwork can proceed with, when continuing excavation one
After set a distance Δ L, corresponding excavation face is chosen as second and excavates plane 5；Then it is selected in the second excavation plane 5 corresponding
The second intersection 6；Certainly, above-mentioned certain distance Δ L inevitable requirement Δ L > 0, while on the specific length ideal of Δ L not
Stringent limitation, can according to the actual situation depending on, as long as guaranteeing that the second intersection 6 is always positioned in the second excavation plane 5.It needs
It is noted that the accuracy in order to guarantee measurement result, it is desirable that ensure that the second intersection 6 in the second excavation plane 5 is opened for second
The intersection of plane 5 and measurement structure face 2 is dug, i.e. the trace in plane 5 is excavated second in the measurement structure face 2.Certainly, one is not lost
As property, since position of the measurement structure face 2 in excavation face can change therewith with the progress of excavation, in order to realize pair
The accurate identification in measurement structure face 2 can excavate plane 1 first in step to accurately determine out the second intersection 6
When measurement structure face 2 is chosen in upper progress for the first time, choose convenient for identification or the structural plane with certain features as measurement structure
Face 2 or the change in location situation that constantly can also observe and record measurement structure face 2 in digging process, to ensure second
The second intersection 6 can accurately be confirmed in plane 5 by excavating.It, can be high on the second intersection 6 after confirming the second intersection 6
Journey is that the position of H1 selects the second measurement point B, then measures the horizontal distance L2 of the second measurement point B to reference plane 4.
It should be pointed out that the elevation H1 of the first measurement point A described above, theoretically refers to the height above sea level of the first measurement point A
Difference in height for degree or relatively a certain datum water level.In the present invention, the elevation H1 of the first measurement point A, reality are measured
Purpose is the B point for selecting identical elevation location on the second intersection 6；It is to guarantee A, B two o'clock in same level
On face.It therefore, can also be by the measurement to elevation H1 by corresponding reference water other than use height above sea level is as elevation H1
Plane is realized；Such as the situation shown in attached drawing 2 and 3, when the bottom surface of tunnel excavation is a horizontal plane, measurement the can be passed through
One measurement point A is used as H1 to the distance between tunnel bottom surface, is subsequently used for determining the position of B point, i.e. B point is between tunnel bottom surface
Distance should also be as H1, can ensure that A, B two o'clock in same level in this way.
After above-mentioned measurement, referring to shown in attached drawing 4, wherein the straight line where AB line segment, reality are rock mass structure
The strike line in face；And be usually just to be had determined in project design due to excavating direction, it only needs to know
You can learn that the trend of rock mass discontinuity after to line and the angle α in excavation direction.Wherein angle α can be calculated by following mode
It arrives, referring to shown in attached drawing 4, hasTherefore, it only needs to measure in the present invention and obtains corresponding L1, L2
With corresponding angle α can be calculated after Δ L, then in conjunction with excavate direction, the trend of rock mass discontinuity can be obtained；Wherein,
It excavates direction and refers to the projecting direction of the axis direction of tunnel excavation in the horizontal plane.
In addition, the method for the present invention that ORIENTATION OF DISCONTINUITY IN ROCK MASS is determined based on trace, except including above-mentioned to rock mass knot
It further include the measurement method to rock mass discontinuity inclination angle outside the measurement method of structure face trend, the survey at the rock mass discontinuity inclination angle
Amount method is realized on the basis of the measurement method that above-mentioned rock mass discontinuity moves towards in combination with following three kinds of different modes:
The first is that further the position on first intersection 3 away from the first measurement point A certain distance is chosen third and surveyed
Measure point C；It measures the first measurement point A and third measurement point C and excavates the horizontal direction spacing M and vertical spacing N in plane 1 first；
Taking θ is the inclination angle of rock mass discontinuity, and is had:Specifically it can refer to shown in attached drawing 5.
Second is that further the position on second intersection 6 away from the second measurement point B certain distance is chosen the 4th and surveyed
Measure point D；It measures the second measurement point B and the 4th measurement point D and excavates the horizontal direction spacing Q and vertical spacing P in plane 5 second；
Taking θ is the inclination angle of rock mass discontinuity, and is had:Specifically it can refer to shown in attached drawing 6.
The third are as follows: further measure the tilt angle gamma that first intersection 3 excavates plane 1 first；Taking θ is rock mass structure
The inclination angle in face, and have:Wherein, the size of above-mentioned tilt angle gamma can also be by measuring second intersection 6
It is obtained at the inclination angle that second excavates in plane 5；That is the inclination angle that the first intersection 3 excavates plane 1 first should actually be handed over second
The inclination angle that line 6 excavates in plane 5 second is equal.Specifically it can refer to shown in attached drawing 5 or 6.
Below for shown in attached drawing 5, the specific Computing Principle of the measurement method at rock mass discontinuity inclination angle is illustrated: first
Three-axis reference A-XYZ is established using the first measurement point A as origin；And using XAY plane as horizontal plane, while Y-direction is engineering
Excavate direction direction.Corresponding XAZ plane is the first excavation plane 1, and crosses B point and the plane parallel with XAZ plane
Plane 5 is excavated for second；There are A, C two o'clock to be respectively positioned in the first excavation plane 1 at this time, A, B two o'clock are respectively positioned in XAY plane；With C
Point is the vertical line CE of X-axis, and intersection point is E, the vertical line EF of straight line where being AB with E point, and intersection point is F；Have at this time, A, B, C tri-
Plane determined by point is measurement structure face 2, and straight line is strike line where AB, and angle ∠ EFC is the inclination angle of rock mass discontinuity
θ, angle ∠ YAB are the above-mentioned angle α measured；Combine trigonometric function relationship that can calculate and obtain at this timeIn addition, can also calculate and obtain if regulation angle ∠ CAE is tilt angle gammaCause
This, it is above-mentioned angle α has been calculated in the case where, it is only necessary to measure corresponding N value and M value again or measure γ's
Angular dimension can calculate the value of the inclination angle theta of rock mass discontinuity, in this way you can learn that the dip angle parameter of rock mass discontinuity.Together
Reason, the above-mentioned second way can also obtain the formula of the inclination angle theta of corresponding rock mass discontinuity referring to shown in attached drawing 6,After also only needing to measure corresponding P value and Q value at this time or measuring the corresponding angle value size of γ
The value of the inclination angle theta of rock mass discontinuity can be calculated.And the value or P value and Q value etc. of above-mentioned N value and M value or tilt angle gamma,
It is accordingly directly measured by corresponding measuring tool in the first excavation plane 1 and the second excavation plane 5, and measurement process
Only need to use the measuring tool of such as ruler, bevel protractor routine；Therefore it can easily measure.
The deviation in plane 1 is excavated first finally, may also be combined with rock mass discontinuity trend and the first intersection 3, obtains rock
The tendency of body structural plane.Wherein so-called first intersection 3 excavates the deviation in plane 1 first, refers to excavating in face first
When plane 1, relative to vertical direction first intersection 3 towards structural plane direction of fall be deflection or to the right lateral deviation to the left
Tiltedly, referring to as shown in attached drawing 2, survey crew can observe that obtain the first intersection 3 be deflection to the left by the direct of scene
Situation；It certainly,, can when survey crew being caused to be not easy to by directly observing obtaining its deviation if the first intersection 3 is roughly vertical
Its deviation is obtained by the measurement result of its tilt angle gamma.In addition, under special circumstances, such as when the first intersection 3 is vertical situation
When, then show that rock mass discontinuity is vertical structure, therefore it is not inclined to.Similarly, it is also moved towards in combination with rock mass discontinuity
The deviation in plane 5 is excavated second with the second intersection 6, obtains the tendency of rock mass discontinuity.
The specific calculating process of above-mentioned determining tendency is as follows: for shown in attached drawing 5, and assuming that excavating direction is positive
The north is to the direction y in i.e. Fig. 5 is direct north；When obtaining walking backward for rock mass discontinuity, referring to shown in attached drawing 5, rock
The trend of body structural plane is the direction NE (north by east), while the direction substantially in the same direction with direction is excavated is set as front；
At this time combine the first intersection 3 be to the left deflection the case where, then can be obtained rock mass discontinuity tendency be the direction NW (north by west side
To)；And if the first intersection 3 be to the right deflection the case where when, then the tendency of available rock mass discontinuity be the direction SE (south
Direction by east).Similarly, in the case that the trend of its rock mass discontinuity is the direction NW (north by west), if first handing at this time
Line 3 be to the left deflection the case where, then can be obtained rock mass discontinuity tendency be the direction SW (south by west direction)；And if first
Intersection 3 be to the right deflection the case where when, then the tendency of available rock mass discontinuity be the direction NE (north by east).When
So, due to being inclined to perpendicular to trend, behind the general direction being inclined to, in conjunction with the specific angle of trend, it can be obtained
The specific angle of tendency.
Finally, it may also be noted that straight line where CF line segment in figure 5 or DF` line segment in figure 6 is
The straight line where parallax, while the practical straight line where being the tendency of rock mass discontinuity of straight line where EF line segment or E`F`.
Claims (6)
1. the method that should determine ORIENTATION OF DISCONTINUITY IN ROCK MASS based on trace is needle based on the method that trace determines ORIENTATION OF DISCONTINUITY IN ROCK MASS
The excavation project for being 0~30 ° with excavation direction angle of intersection is moved towards to rock mass discontinuity；It is characterized by comprising to rock mass knot
The measurement method of the measurement method of structure face trend, the rock mass discontinuity trend includes the following steps:
A, it in digging process, chooses a wherein excavation face and excavates choosing in plane (1) first as the first excavation plane (1)
Take wherein that for a rock mass discontinuity as measurement structure face (2), the measurement structure face (2) excavates what plane (1) formed with first
Intersection is the first intersection (3), and the first measurement point A is chosen on the first intersection (3)；Choose a upright plane parallel with direction is excavated
As reference plane (4)；The elevation H1 and the first measurement point A of the first measurement point A are measured to the horizontal distance of reference plane (4)
L1；
B, along excavate direction continue excavate certain distance Δ L after using corresponding excavation face as second excavate plane (5), the survey
Measuring structural plane (2) and excavating the intersection that plane (5) are formed with second is the second intersection (6), and taking elevation on the second intersection (6) is H1 institute
Corresponding point is the second measurement point B；Measure the horizontal distance L2 of the second measurement point B to reference plane (4)；
C, taking α is that rock mass discontinuity moves towards and excavates the angle between direction, and has:
D, according to direction and above-mentioned angle α is excavated, the trend of rock mass discontinuity is obtained.
2. the method for determining ORIENTATION OF DISCONTINUITY IN ROCK MASS based on trace as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: further include to rock
The measurement method at body structural plane inclination angle, the measurement that the measurement method at the rock mass discontinuity inclination angle is moved towards in above-mentioned rock mass discontinuity
It further include following steps on the basis of method: the position choosing on first intersection (3) away from the first measurement point A certain distance
Take third measurement point C；Measure the first measurement point A and third measurement point C first excavate horizontal direction spacing M in plane (1) and
Vertical spacing N；Taking θ is the inclination angle of rock mass discontinuity, and is had:
3. the method for determining ORIENTATION OF DISCONTINUITY IN ROCK MASS based on trace as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: further include to rock
The measurement method at body structural plane inclination angle, the measurement that the measurement method at the rock mass discontinuity inclination angle is moved towards in above-mentioned rock mass discontinuity
It further include following steps on the basis of method: the position choosing on second intersection (6) away from the second measurement point B certain distance
Take the 4th measurement point D；Measure the second measurement point B and the 4th measurement point D second excavate plane (5) in horizontal direction spacing Q and
Vertical spacing P；Taking θ is the inclination angle of rock mass discontinuity, and is had:
4. the method for determining ORIENTATION OF DISCONTINUITY IN ROCK MASS based on trace as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: further include to rock
The measurement method at body structural plane inclination angle, the measurement that the measurement method at the rock mass discontinuity inclination angle is moved towards in above-mentioned rock mass discontinuity
It further include following steps on the basis of method: the tilt angle gamma that measurement first intersection (3) excavates plane (1) first；Take θ
For the inclination angle of rock mass discontinuity, and have:
5. the method for determining ORIENTATION OF DISCONTINUITY IN ROCK MASS based on trace as claimed in claim 4, it is characterised in that: the tilt angle gamma
Size can be obtained by measuring the inclination angle that second intersection (6) excavates plane (5) second.
6. the method for determining ORIENTATION OF DISCONTINUITY IN ROCK MASS based on trace as described in any one of claim 1 to 5, feature exist
In: the deviation in plane (1) is excavated first in conjunction with rock mass discontinuity trend and the first intersection (3) or combines rock mass discontinuity
The deviation of trend and the second intersection (6) in the second excavation plane (5), obtains the tendency of rock mass discontinuity.
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