CN115711606A - Small-diameter TBM tunnel tunneling measurement control transfer method - Google Patents
Small-diameter TBM tunnel tunneling measurement control transfer method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115711606A CN115711606A CN202211467247.5A CN202211467247A CN115711606A CN 115711606 A CN115711606 A CN 115711606A CN 202211467247 A CN202211467247 A CN 202211467247A CN 115711606 A CN115711606 A CN 115711606A
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel boring engineering measurement of TBM (tunnel boring machine), and discloses a small-diameter TBM tunnel boring measurement control transfer method, which comprises the following steps of: selecting a plurality of sections from the initial section position of the tunnel along the tunneling direction of the tunnel, arranging control points on the selected sections, setting a plane observation position, making a sectional observation scheme and observing. The invention ensures the control transmission precision of the tunnel in the horizontal and vertical directions, particularly in a disordered and narrow construction space, so that the point selection, the station establishment and the construction and measurement are more flexible, great superiority and practicability are achieved, the redundant observation conditions are more sufficient, and the obtained tunnel control coordinate is more accurate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel boring engineering measurement of TBM (tunnel boring machine), and particularly relates to a control transfer method for tunnel boring measurement of a small-diameter TBM (tunnel boring machine), in particular to a control transfer method for tunnel boring measurement of a tunnel with the diameter of 1.8-3.0 mTBM (tunnel boring machine).
Background
In the investigation and construction of the engineering construction in mountainous areas in China, in order to meet the requirements of the exploration of the geological adit or the functional tunnel of the engineering in the early stage, the small-diameter tunnel needs to be mined according to the principle of saving the cost and improving the construction efficiency. At present, the engineering construction mainly uses a large-size full-face TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) to carry out Tunnel Boring, the minimum hole diameter of the full-face TBM in the tunneling construction is publicly reported in 2021 in 4 months, the smaller the hole diameter of the TBM is, the larger the tunneling difficulty is, the same is true for the measurement and control in the Tunnel, and the difficulty can be known. Meanwhile, the construction of the domestic small-diameter tunnel is usually carried out by adopting a drilling and blasting method, so that the problems of difficult supply of firer materials, high labor cost, high safety risk, low efficiency and the like exist, the tunnel constructed by adopting the method is relatively short in length, and the requirement on tunneling measurement control is relatively low. The small-diameter TBM has more obvious advantages in efficiency and safety, and has become a popular choice in the market, and the longer the construction length is, the higher the requirement on measurement control is. Measurement and control in the tunnel are accurate foundations for TBM tunneling according to target axes, and are key for guaranteeing construction quality of long-distance small-bore TBM.
In the control measurement implementation process, due to the fact that the small-diameter tunnel space is narrow, the cross section of the TBM tunnel is in an O shape, the bottom ground is uneven, the width is extremely small, measurement operation and a construction working face are shared, interweaving and mutual interference are implemented, the arrangement and storage of ground measurement control points in the tunnel become difficult points, the measurement accuracy is prone to being not met, the TBM cannot be guaranteed to tunnel along the target axis, position and angle deviation is prone to being generated, and therefore the implementation possibility is extremely low if the traditional measurement scheme is adopted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a small-diameter TBM tunnel excavation measurement control transfer method, which can provide an accurate measurement control reference for long-distance small-diameter TBM construction, ensure the precision of excavation construction and penetration measurement in a tunnel, and ensure that TBM excavation does not deviate from a target axis and does not generate position and angle deviation.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the small-diameter TBM tunnel excavation measurement control transfer method comprises the following steps:
and 4, making a segmented observation scheme and observing.
Preferably, the planar viewing position is capable of being viewed from all control points on adjacent sections.
Preferably, the plane observation position is located at the position of the middle point of the tunnel between the adjacent section areas.
Preferably, the observation scheme in the step 4 can be divided into a straight line section, a curved line section and a transition section according to the curvature of the tunnel axis;
in the straight-line segment observation, 6 control points on the nearest 2 sections in the rear-view direction are selected as rear view points, and 3 control points on the nearest 1 section in the front-view direction are observed;
when the curve section observation meets the straight-line section perspective condition, executing an observation scheme same as that of the straight-line section; when the curve section observation does not meet the straight-line section through-view condition, selecting 3 control points on the nearest 1 section in the rear-view direction as rear view points, and observing 3 control points on the nearest 1 section in the front-view direction;
the transition section comprises a straight-curved transition section and a curved-straight transition section, when the transition section meets the straight-line section visibility condition, the observation scheme same as the straight-line section is executed, otherwise, the observation scheme when the curve section does not meet the straight-line section visibility condition is executed.
Preferably, the observation in step 4 includes a plane observation and an elevation observation.
Preferably, the control point in step 2 comprises a section left waist line point L arranged on the left waist line of the tunnel advancing direction n A section zenith central line point C arranged on the zenith central line of the tunnel n And is arranged to advance in the tunnelRight waist line point R of cross section on right waist line n 。
Preferably, the plane observation adopts a full circle observation method of rear intersection to obtain a left waist line point L of the section n Section zenith center line point C n Right waist line point R of cross section n The plane coordinates of (a).
Preferably, the elevation observation adopts a leveling and triangulation method:
determining the zenith centerline point C of the section n Is a main point of elevation and a left waist line point L of a section n And right waist line point R of cross section n Is an elevation auxiliary point;
leveling measurement: leveling is C along the elevation principal point route 1 —C 2 ……C n-1 —C n Adopting a reverse ruler measurement method, erecting a positive ruler at a ground transition point, and erecting a reverse ruler at a zenith control point;
and (3) triangular elevation measurement: joint measurement elevation auxiliary point, namely left waist line point L of section n Right waist line point R of cross section n Forming a triangular elevation net, wherein the triangular elevation joint measurement scheme is the same as the plane observation scheme;
leveling measurement is elevation main control, triangular elevation measurement is elevation auxiliary control, and the leveling measurement and the triangular elevation measurement are crossed, combined, checked and transmitted in sequence along the tunneling direction to obtain leveling elevation and triangular elevation.
Preferably, the leveling measurement uses a level gauge, and the plane observation and the triangulation elevation measurement use a total station.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
aiming at the problems that the narrow ground of a tunnel space of a TBM is limited, a ground measurement control point is difficult to store, and the precision of a long-distance wire is difficult to guarantee, space three-dimensional point distribution is adopted, a ray cross-woven net is formed by observing points at intervals at any position, and the precision of control transmission in the horizontal and vertical directions of the tunnel is ensured by using a combined scheme of back intersection of a total station at any position and inverted-scale measurement of a level gauge. Especially in a chaotic and narrow construction space, the combined scheme enables point selection, station establishment and measurement to be more flexible, has great superiority and practicability, has more sufficient redundant observation conditions and obtains more accurate tunnel control coordinates. The method has the advantages that when the measurement lofting is carried out in the TBM tunneling process, the observation position of the total station can be freely laid, the station setting centering error is avoided, the distance from a lofting point is closer, and the lofting precision is higher when the back view points are more.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the cross-sectional shape of a tunnel and the installation of a full prism.
FIG. 3 is a plan view of a tunnel straight line section observation scheme.
FIG. 4 is an elevation view of a tunnel straight line segment observation scheme.
Fig. 5 is a plan view of a tunnel curve segment observation scheme.
FIG. 6 is an elevation view of a tunnel curve segment observation scheme.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a combined level and elevation measurement.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of an elevation observation leveling path for a straight section of a tunnel.
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of elevation observation leveling route of a tunnel curve segment.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Referring to fig. 1, the small-diameter TBM tunnel excavation measurement control transfer method of the present invention includes the steps of:
determining the initial section position of the tunnel of the TBM, and referring to fig. 2, wherein the section is circular, and the initial section position is generally an entrance; and (3) sequentially selecting sections along the tunneling direction of the tunnel, determining while tunneling, wherein the distance between adjacent sections of the straight line section is preferably about 200m, and the distance between adjacent sections of the curved line section can be properly shortened according to the curvature and the radius.
the control points are distributed on the selected section, 3 positions of 9 points, 0 points and 3 points are expressed on the section according to the time scale plate, wherein the 9 points are positioned on the left waist line of the advancing direction of the tunnel, the 0 points are positioned on the zenith central line of the tunnel, the 3 points are positioned on the right waist line of the advancing direction of the tunnel, 360-degree full prisms are respectively installed, the left waist line and the right waist line are horizontally installed, the central line of a top arch is vertically installed, and the reference is made to fig. 2;
for convenience of description, the section control points are named and marked according to section numbers and point positions, for example, the positions of 9 points, 0 points and 3 points on the 1 st section are respectively marked as L 1 、C 1 、R 1 The positions of the points 9, 0 and 3 on the nth cross section are respectively marked as L n 、C n 、R n And n is a positive integer.
1 plane observation position can be arranged between adjacent sections, the position is any position, the middle point of the tunnel between the adjacent sections is the best, and the plane observation position does not need to be marked;
the plane observation position between the sections and the control point form a solid, and the three-dimensional space is interwoven in a ray form to form a quadrilateral net connected with points, and is sequentially extended and transmitted along the tunneling direction;
there is no need to see through between the control points of adjacent sections, and a plane observation position between adjacent sections should be able to see through with all the control points on the adjacent sections.
Step 4, making a segmented observation scheme and observing;
wherein, the observation scheme can be divided into straightway, curved line section and changeover portion according to tunnel axis crookedness:
as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the straight line segment observation selects 6 control points (L) on the nearest 2 sections in the rear view direction n-2 、C n-2 、R n-2 、L n-1 、C n-1 、R n-1 ) As a rear viewpoint, 3 control points (L) on the nearest 1 section in the forward direction are observed n 、C n 、R n )；
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, when the curve segment observation meets the requirements of the straight-line segment general-view conditions, the same observation scheme as that of the straight-line segment is executed; when the observation of the curve section does not meet the straight-line section perspective condition, 3 control points (L) on 1 section nearest to the rear view direction are selected n-1 、C n-1 、R n-1 ) As a rear viewpoint, 3 control points (L) on the nearest 1 section in the forward direction are observed n 、C n 、R n )；
The transition section comprises a straight-curved transition section and a curved-straight transition section, when the transition section meets the straight-line section visibility condition, the observation scheme same as the straight-line section is executed, otherwise, the observation scheme when the curve section does not meet the straight-line section visibility condition is executed.
The straight line section has a general viewing condition that all control points on 2 adjacent sections can be observed at the selected observation position.
In step 4, the observation comprises plane observation and elevation observation:
and (3) plane observation: using a total station instrument for plane observation, and adopting a full circle observation method of back intersection for observation to obtain a left waist line point L of the section n Section zenith center line point C n Right waist line point R of cross section n The plane coordinates of (a);
the elevation observation adopts a leveling and triangulation elevation measurement method:
determining the zenith centerline point C of the section n Is a main point of elevation and a left waist line point L of a section n And right waist line point R of cross section n Is an elevation auxiliary point;
leveling measurement: as shown in FIG. 7, the leveling measurements are along the principal point of elevation path C 1 —C 2 ……C n-1 —C n The level gauge is used for observation, an inverted ruler measuring method is adopted, a ground transition point upright ruler is used, and a zenith control point upright inverted ruler is used;
and (3) triangular elevation measurement: the total station is used for triangulation elevation measurement, and the elevation auxiliary point is the left waist line point L of the section n Right waist line point R of cross section n Forming a triangular elevation net, wherein the triangular elevation joint measurement scheme is the same as the plane observation scheme;
as shown in fig. 8 and 9, leveling is elevation primary control, triangulation elevation measurement is elevation auxiliary control, the leveling and triangulation elevation are combined in a crossed manner, checked with each other, and sequentially extended and transferred along the tunneling direction to obtain leveling elevation and triangulation elevation.
Claims (9)
1. A small-diameter TBM tunnel excavation measurement control transfer method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, selecting a plurality of sections from the initial section position of the tunnel along the tunneling direction of the tunnel;
step 2, arranging control points on the cross section selected in the step 1;
step 3, setting a plane observation position, wherein the plane observation position is arranged between two adjacent sections;
and 4, making a segmented observation scheme and observing.
2. The small-diameter TBM tunnel boring measurement control transfer method according to claim 1, wherein the planar observation position can be viewed from all control points on adjacent sections.
3. The small-diameter TBM tunnel excavation measurement control transfer method of claim 2, wherein the plane observation position is located at a position of a middle point of a tunnel between adjacent section sections.
4. The small-diameter TBM tunnel driving measurement control transfer method according to claim 1, wherein the observation scheme in the step 4 can be divided into a straight line section, a curved line section and a transition section according to the curvature of the tunnel axis;
in the straight-line segment observation, 6 control points on the nearest 2 sections in the rear-view direction are selected as rear view points, and 3 control points on the nearest 1 section in the front-view direction are observed;
when the curve section observation meets the straight section through-view condition, executing the same observation scheme as the straight section; when the curve section observation does not meet the straight-line section through-view condition, selecting 3 control points on the nearest 1 section in the rear-view direction as rear view points, and observing 3 control points on the nearest 1 section in the front-view direction;
the transition section comprises a straight-curved transition section and a curved-straight transition section, when the transition section meets the straight-line section visibility condition, the observation scheme same as the straight-line section is executed, otherwise, the observation scheme when the curve section does not meet the straight-line section visibility condition is executed.
5. The small-diameter TBM tunnel boring measurement control transfer method according to claim 1, wherein the observation in step 4 comprises a plane observation and an elevation observation.
6. The small-diameter TBM tunneling measurement control transfer method according to claim 5, wherein the control point in the step 2 comprises a section left waist line point L arranged on a left waist line in the tunneling direction n A section zenith central line point C arranged on the zenith central line of the tunnel n And a section right waist line point R arranged on the right waist line of the tunnel advancing direction n 。
7. The small-diameter TBM tunnel tunneling measurement control transfer method according to claim 6, wherein the plane observation adopts a full circle observation method of back intersection to obtain a section left waist line point L n Zenith center line point C of section n Right waist line point R of cross section n The plane coordinates of (a).
8. The small-diameter TBM tunnel boring measurement control transfer method according to claim 7, wherein elevation observation adopts a combined measurement method of leveling measurement and triangulation elevation measurement.
Determining the zenith centerline point C of the section n Is a main point of elevation and a left waist line point L of a section n And right waist line point R of cross section n Is an elevation auxiliary point;
leveling measurement: leveling along the elevation principal point route is C 1 —C 2 ……C n-1 —C n Adopting a reverse ruler measurement method, erecting a positive ruler at a ground transition point, and erecting a reverse ruler at a zenith control point;
and (3) triangular elevation measurement: joint measurement elevation auxiliary point, namely section left waist line point L n Right waist line point R of cross section n Forming a triangular elevation net, wherein the triangular elevation joint measurement scheme is the same as the plane observation scheme;
leveling measurement is elevation main control, triangular elevation measurement is elevation auxiliary control, and the leveling measurement and the triangular elevation measurement are crossed, combined, checked and transmitted in sequence along the tunneling direction to obtain leveling elevation and triangular elevation.
9. The small diameter TBM tunnel boring measurement control transfer method of claim 8, characterized in that said leveling uses a level gauge, and said level observation and triangulation use a total station.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117168419A (en) * | 2023-11-02 | 2023-12-05 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Automatic rock mass structure and quality identification method based on machine vision system |
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