CN106895820B - The reverse coordinate of tunnel shaft transmits cultellation measurement method - Google Patents
The reverse coordinate of tunnel shaft transmits cultellation measurement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106895820B CN106895820B CN201710072260.3A CN201710072260A CN106895820B CN 106895820 B CN106895820 B CN 106895820B CN 201710072260 A CN201710072260 A CN 201710072260A CN 106895820 B CN106895820 B CN 106895820B
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- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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Abstract
The invention discloses the reverse coordinates of tunnel shaft to transmit cultellation measurement method, belong to deep shaft coordinate transmitting cultellation technical field of construction, the measurement method is convenient for burying point in shaft bottom, occupy the well hole time is short, precision is high, easy to operate, measuring speed is fast, it is practical, be easy to pile anchoring, be easy to carry out the transmitting of deep shaft plane and elevation transmitting measurement, be not easily susceptible in vertical shaft be influenced by air-flow and dripping.Include the following steps: the apparatus selection before (1) carries out cultellation and instrument verification；(2) setting laser plummet apparatus inversely transmits cultellation；(3) inversely transmitting is handled total station vertical shaft elevation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to deep shaft coordinates to transmit cultellation technical field of construction, and in particular to the reverse coordinate transmitting of tunnel shaft
Cultellation measurement method.
Background technique
In constructing tunnel, in order to accelerate construction progress and divulge information, major long tunnel especially city tunnel tunnel is often adopted
With increase vertical shaft method come increase construction face to accelerate construction progress, in order to guarantee that opposite excavation face can be penetrated through correctly,
Just coordinate, direction and the elevation in terrestrial net underground be must be transmitted to via vertical shaft, underground control net and ground made
On control net coordinate system it is unified.Therefore, vertical shaft transmitting connection survey just becomes the primary problem of construction.
The method of vertical shaft plane connection survey mainly uses vertical shaft to bury point in shaft bottom by the downward cultellation of well head at present
It carries out.Its specific practice is that two steel wires of extension, the upper end of steel wire are hauled with puffer on the ground in pit shaft, and lower end steel wire is outstanding
The geometric orientation measurement method of weight is hung, this method occurs plumb bob line inclined due to being influenced by vertical shaft by air-flow and dripping
Move and ceaselessly swing may be only available for vertical shaft it is shallower, to the lower shaft plumbing of penetrating accuracy requirement, and vertical shaft is by well head
Downward cultellation buries point inconvenience in shaft bottom, therefore, it is easy to use to design one kind, and be not easily susceptible in vertical shaft by air-flow and drop
The reverse coordinate transmitting cultellation measurement method of the tunnel shaft that water influences is very necessary.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is that it is perpendicular to provide a kind of tunnel in order to solve existing vertical shaft plane connection survey above shortcomings
The reverse coordinate of well transmits cultellation measurement method, which is convenient for burying point in shaft bottom, occupies that the well hole time is short, precision
It is high, easy to operate, measuring speed is fast, it is practical, be easy to pile anchoring, be easy to carry out the transmitting of deep shaft plane and elevation transmitting survey
Amount is not easily susceptible in vertical shaft be influenced by air-flow and dripping, and can guarantee that the laser of laser plummet apparatus irradiates straight up.
The above technical problem is solved through the following technical scheme:
The reverse coordinate of tunnel shaft transmits cultellation measurement method, buries the vertical shaft inverted arch bottom surface at control point in vertical shaft shaft bottom
It is equipped with inverted arch vertical holes, bracket is equipped in inverted arch vertical holes, be equipped on bracket has the spherical surface of opening recessed up and down
Slot, universal rotational is equipped with spin in spherical groove, and laser plummet apparatus is fixed in the spin of spherical groove upper open end, in ball
It is fixed with sunpender straight down in the spin of face groove lower open end, is fixed with gravitation ball, and laser in downrod lower end
On the extended line for the axial line that the centre of sphere of the laser center line of plumb aligner, the centre of sphere of Roll and gravitation ball all falls in sunpender；
Measurement method include the following steps: (1) carry out cultellation before apparatus selection and instrument verification；(2) setting laser plummet apparatus is reverse
Transmit cultellation；(3) inversely transmitting is handled total station vertical shaft elevation.
This measurement method uses the reverse cultellation method of laser plummet apparatus of upward cultellation, solves vertical shaft by the downward cultellation of well head
The problem of point inconvenience is buried in shaft bottom.It is convenient that the measurement method in shaft bottom buries point, occupies that the well hole time is short, precision
It is high, easy to operate, measuring speed is fast, it is practical, be easy to pile anchoring, be easy to carry out the transmitting of deep shaft plane and elevation transmitting survey
Amount is not easily susceptible in vertical shaft be influenced by air-flow and dripping, and can guarantee that the laser of laser plummet apparatus irradiates straight up.
Preferably, the apparatus selection and instrument checking procedure before progress cultellation include:
(1.1) laser plummet apparatus of choice accuracy 1/200000 comes card TS30 robot measurement as cultellation instrument and use
Calibration is carried out as the reverse transfer device of elevation, and to laser plummet apparatus；
(1.2) laser plummet apparatus alidade is carried out to diameter measurement in different orientation, eliminates the water of laser plummet apparatus
The influence of fiducial axis and instrument rotary shaft, collimation axis and rotation axle misalignment；
(1.3) on calibration platform or an elevation building is looked for, centering leveling first is carried out to laser plummet apparatus, is then rotated
Laser plummet apparatus checks whether laser plummet apparatus circular bubble and bubble tube are placed in the middle, makes axis of levelling bubble parallel or perpendicular to sharp
Then level alidade is respectively aligned to 0 ° of instrument scale, 90 °, 180 °, 270 ° of four scale sides by the rotary shaft of light plumb aligner
Position simultaneously rotates laser plummet apparatus alidade, and the center of graticle crosshair is observed by eyepiece, sees that 4 point centers of reading are
No coincidence, if, the center of the graticle crosshair of laser plummet apparatus is overlapped with tester center of reticule, illustrates laser plumb
The collimation axis of instrument be it is vertical, illustrate that accuracy of instrument is met the requirements, do not need adjustment；Otherwise, eyepiece protection cap, adjustment ten are opened
Word silk, until the center of reticule of laser plummet apparatus is directed toward the same point always.
Preferably, setting laser plummet apparatus inversely transmits cultellation and includes the following steps:
(2.1) vertical shaft shaft bottom control point is embedded；
(2.2) Shaft bank operation rack is set up；
(2.3) the reverse cultellation of laser plummet apparatus；
(2.4) the reverse cultellation of well head is the same as ground control point connection survey.
Preferably, the embedded process in vertical shaft shaft bottom control point is: 3 control points are buried in the suitable position in vertical shaft shaft bottom,
And the point depth of burying at control point will be lower than vertical shaft inverted arch bottom surface about 10cm；The mutual distance in 3 control points according to
The width dimensions of vertical shaft want to the greatest extent possible maximum, to improve vertically and horizontally precision when total station pilot measurement；It should be infused in embedded point
Meaning avoiding shelter.
Preferably, Shaft bank operation rack sets up process and is: laser plummet apparatus being erected on the control point of shaft bottom, is beaten
It opens laser and looks for the position that operating platform is set up in wherein position convenient for the worker on the pit mouth of ground, it be in operating platform laser
150mm × 150mm and preformed hole corresponding with shaft bottom control point vertical are reserved in the position that beam passes through, and guarantee vertical in laser beam
Preformed hole can be passed through when irradiation upwards；If being provided with wall around vertical shaft, operating platform is allowed to be significantly larger than wall.
Preferably, the reverse cultellation setting up procedure of laser plummet apparatus is:
(2.3.1) disposes laser plumb instrument: three control points D0, D1 and D2 is arranged in shaft bottom, then in D0, D1, D2
Laser plummet apparatus is set up on these three control points respectively, and laser plummet apparatus centering is flattened；
(2.3.2) is placed in reserved opening and is received target: D0 ', D1 ', D2 ' on well head gantry crane crossbeam operating platform this three
The transparent glass of 200mm × 200mm is placed on the preformed hole of a control point 150mm × 150mm respectively as reception target；
(2.3.3) diameter cultellation: opening laser plummet apparatus Laser Power Devices, have beam of laser and project from telephotolens,
It projects on the gantry crane crossbeam of well head top on the reception target of 150mm × 150mm preformed hole, using diameter method of reading, operation instrument
In 0 degree, 90 degree, 180 degree and 270 degree, this four disk position cultellations position device respectively, survey crew's marking pen on operating platform
Determine 4 LASER SPECKLE positions respectively on glass receiver board；The point that 4 directions are thrown constitutes approximation on glass receiver board
In square, and require the side length of square within 5mm；
(2.3.4) diameter intersects punctum: 0 degree of point and 180 degree point and 90 degree of points and 270 degree of point interconnections are handed over
Point is the vertical control point in the shaft bottom；
(2.3.5) forms triangular closed ring: laser plummet apparatus is on well and D0 ' and D0, D1 ' and D1, D2 ' are cast in underground
And D2, and D0 ' and D0 are spatially 2 points, but while projecting to same plane just becomes 1 point；Similarly, D1 ' and D1 is thrown
Also become 1 point when shadow is to same plane, D2 ' and D2 also become 1 point when projecting to same plane；Conducting wire passes through cultellation on well
It is linked to be a triangular closed ring, underground conducting wire is also linked to be a triangular closed ring by cultellation；
Other 2 control points D0, D2 (2.3.6) are communicated up cultellation using same method；
The detection of (2.3.7) close ring: three control point groups of D0 ', D1 ', D2 ' on well head top operating platform are inversely thrown into
At triangle, mutual angle and distance relationship is checked using total station TS30, is confirmed the interior of thrown control point and is met essence
Degree；
(2.3.1)~(2.3.7) step is repeated several times in (2.3.8), takes its cultellation position mean value.
Preferably, the reverse cultellation of well head is with ground control point connection survey process: shaft bottom is inversely transmitted to operation
Control point D0 ', D1 ', D2 ' on platform utilize total station with the control point WH1 and WH2 near well head according in total station hole two
The measurement method of equal conducting wires carries out translocation, and total station is no less than 6 survey time.
Preferably, total station vertical shaft elevation inversely transmits treatment process is:
(3.1) basic point pilot measurement: using the electronic level of assay approval by ground elevation according to the side of second-order levelling
D0 ' in method and precision pilot measurement to shaft mouth operating bench, D1 ', on three control points D2 '；
(3.2) instrumental constant is arranged: before measurement, first total station is placed in vertical shaft and adapts to domestic environment about 20 minutes,
And total station is searched for horizontal extent automatically and increases 180 degree, vertical search range is reduced to 3 degree；
(3.3) it elevation reverse sourcing: is searched for automatically using robot measurement, sights, automatic measurement, automatically records automatically
Function places 1 spherical prism above the plumb line at Shaft bank Yu shaft bottom control point, and total station centering leveling is erected at
On the control point D0 of shaft bottom, and measures height of instrument and be recorded in the reverse cultellation specific record table of elevation；Prism is inputted before measurement
Constant；Total station carrying handle is laid down, total station is manually substantially concentrated one's gaze on to the zenith prismosphere above well head, this is only to need to see whole station
The zenith angle of instrument display screen is shown as 0 degree, open total station search for, sight automatically automatically, automatic measurement function, total station
Automatically it searches for and sights the prismosphere on well head zenith direction automatically and start to measure, at this point, shown by total station display screen
Distance plus height of instrument be vertical shaft elevation；
(3.4) D1 is as the method that the reverse transmission method of elevation at two shaft bottoms D2 control point is transmitted with D0 elevation；
(3.5) elevation imports accuracy detection: after all importing to shaft bottom D0, D1 and D2 elevation, in shaft bottom whole station
Whether instrument triangulated height or level meter detection close ring meet third measurement of the level required precision；If precision transfinites, find out
Reason simultaneously returns to the repetition benefit survey of (3.2) step；
(3.6) after tested, total station does not need additional purchase installation diagonal eyepiece can sight zenith direction automatically
Prism.
The above technical problem is solved through the following technical scheme:
The present invention can reach following effect:
Measurement method of the invention use upward cultellation the reverse cultellation method of laser plummet apparatus, solve vertical shaft from well head to
Lower cultellation buries the problem of point inconvenience in shaft bottom.It is convenient that the measurement method in shaft bottom buries point, occupy the well hole time it is short,
Precision is high, easy to operate, measuring speed is fast, it is practical, be easy to pile anchoring, be easy to carry out the transmitting of deep shaft plane and elevation transmitting
Measurement is not easily susceptible in vertical shaft be influenced by air-flow and dripping, and can guarantee that the laser of laser plummet apparatus irradiates straight up.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of reverse cultellation schematic diagram of laser plummet apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of reverse coordinate transmitting cultellation construction survey method flow diagram of deep shaft of invention the present embodiment.
Fig. 3 is a kind of use state diagram that the laser of laser plummet apparatus of the embodiment of the present invention irradiates straight up.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Embodiment, the reverse coordinate of tunnel shaft transmits cultellation measurement method, referring to shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3.In vertical shaft well
Bottom buries the vertical shaft inverted arch bottom surface at control point and is equipped with inverted arch vertical holes, and bracket S1 is equipped in inverted arch vertical holes,
Bracket is equipped with the spherical groove S4 for having opening up and down, and universal rotational is equipped with spin S3, laser plummet apparatus in spherical groove
S2 is fixed in the spin of spherical groove upper open end, is fixed with and is hung straight down in the spin of spherical groove lower open end
Bar S5 is fixed with gravitation ball S6 in downrod lower end, and the laser S7 center line of laser plummet apparatus, the centre of sphere of Roll and
The centre of sphere of gravitation ball is all fallen on the extended line of the axial line of sunpender.Before measurement method includes the following steps: that (1) carries out cultellation
Apparatus selection and instrument verification；(2) setting laser plummet apparatus inversely transmits cultellation；(3) total station vertical shaft elevation is inversely at transmitting
Reason.
Apparatus selection and instrument checking procedure before carrying out cultellation include:
(1.1) laser plummet apparatus of choice accuracy 1/200000 comes card TS30 robot measurement as cultellation instrument and use
Calibration is carried out as the reverse transfer device of elevation, and to laser plummet apparatus；
(1.2) laser plummet apparatus alidade is carried out to diameter measurement in different orientation, eliminates the water of laser plummet apparatus
The influence of fiducial axis and instrument rotary shaft, collimation axis and rotation axle misalignment；
(1.3) on calibration platform or an elevation building is looked for, centering leveling first is carried out to laser plummet apparatus, is then rotated
Laser plummet apparatus checks whether laser plummet apparatus circular bubble and bubble tube are placed in the middle, makes axis of levelling bubble parallel or perpendicular to sharp
Then level alidade is respectively aligned to 0 ° of instrument scale, 90 °, 180 °, 270 ° of four scale sides by the rotary shaft of light plumb aligner
Position simultaneously rotates laser plummet apparatus alidade, and the center of graticle crosshair is observed by eyepiece, sees that 4 point centers of reading are
No coincidence, if, the center of the graticle crosshair of laser plummet apparatus is overlapped with tester center of reticule, illustrates laser plumb
The collimation axis of instrument be it is vertical, illustrate that accuracy of instrument is met the requirements, do not need adjustment；Otherwise, eyepiece protection cap, adjustment ten are opened
Word silk, until the center of reticule of laser plummet apparatus is directed toward the same point always.
Setting laser plummet apparatus inversely transmits cultellation and includes the following steps:
(2.1) vertical shaft shaft bottom control point is embedded；
(2.2) Shaft bank operation rack is set up；
(2.3) the reverse cultellation of laser plummet apparatus；
(2.4) the reverse cultellation of well head is the same as ground control point connection survey.
It buries process in vertical shaft shaft bottom control point: burying 3 control points, and control point in the suitable position in vertical shaft shaft bottom
The point depth of burying to be lower than vertical shaft inverted arch bottom surface about 10cm；The mutual distance in 3 control points is according to the width of vertical shaft
Size wants to the greatest extent possible maximum, to improve vertically and horizontally precision when total station pilot measurement；It should be noted that in embedded point and avoid blocking
Object.
Shaft bank operation rack, which sets up process, is: laser plummet apparatus being erected on the control point of shaft bottom, opens laser just
The position that operating platform is set up in wherein position is looked in the worker on the pit mouth of ground, to be passed through in operating platform laser beam
150mm × 150mm and preformed hole corresponding with shaft bottom control point vertical are reserved in position, guarantee to irradiate vertically upward in laser beam
When can pass through preformed hole；If being provided with wall around vertical shaft, operating platform is allowed to be significantly larger than wall.
The reverse cultellation setting up procedure of laser plummet apparatus is:
(2.3.1) disposes laser plumb instrument: three control points D0, D1 and D2 is arranged in shaft bottom, then in D0, D1, D2
Laser plummet apparatus is set up on these three control points respectively, and laser plummet apparatus centering is flattened；
(2.3.2) is placed in reserved opening and is received target: D0 ', D1 ', D2 ' on well head gantry crane crossbeam operating platform this three
The transparent glass of 200mm × 200mm is placed on the preformed hole of a control point 150mm × 150mm respectively as reception target；
(2.3.3) diameter cultellation: opening laser plummet apparatus Laser Power Devices, have beam of laser and project from telephotolens,
It projects on the gantry crane crossbeam of well head top on the reception target of 150mm × 150mm preformed hole, using diameter method of reading, operation instrument
In 0 degree, 90 degree, 180 degree and 270 degree, this four disk position cultellations position device respectively, survey crew's marking pen on operating platform
Determine 4 LASER SPECKLE positions respectively on glass receiver board；The point that 4 directions are thrown constitutes approximation on glass receiver board
In square, and require the side length of square within 5mm；
(2.3.4) diameter intersects punctum: 0 degree of point and 180 degree point and 90 degree of points and 270 degree of point interconnections are handed over
Point is the vertical control point in the shaft bottom；
(2.3.5) forms triangular closed ring: laser plummet apparatus is on well and D0 ' and D0, D1 ' and D1, D2 ' are cast in underground
And D2, and D0 ' and D0 are spatially 2 points, but while projecting to same plane just becomes 1 point；Similarly, D1 ' and D1 is thrown
Also become 1 point when shadow is to same plane, D2 ' and D2 also become 1 point when projecting to same plane；Conducting wire passes through cultellation on well
It is linked to be a triangular closed ring, underground conducting wire is also linked to be a triangular closed ring by cultellation；
Other 2 control points D0, D2 (2.3.6) are communicated up cultellation using same method；
The detection of (2.3.7) close ring: three control point groups of D0 ', D1 ', D2 ' on well head top operating platform are inversely thrown into
At triangle, mutual angle and distance relationship is checked using total station TS30, is confirmed the interior of thrown control point and is met essence
Degree；
(2.3.1)~(2.3.7) step is repeated several times in (2.3.8), takes its cultellation position mean value.
The reverse cultellation of well head is with ground control point connection survey process: control shaft bottom being inversely transmitted on operating platform
Making point D0 ', D1 ', D2 ' utilizes total station with the control point WH1 and WH2 near well head according to the survey of second-class conducting wire in total station hole
Amount method carries out translocation, and total station is no less than 6 survey time.
Total station vertical shaft elevation inversely transmits treatment process:
(3.1) basic point pilot measurement: using the electronic level of assay approval by ground elevation according to the side of second-order levelling
D0 ' in method and precision pilot measurement to shaft mouth operating bench, D1 ', on three control points D2 '；
(3.2) instrumental constant is arranged: before measurement, first total station is placed in vertical shaft and adapts to domestic environment about 20 minutes,
And total station is searched for horizontal extent automatically and increases 180 degree, vertical search range is reduced to 3 degree；
(3.3) it elevation reverse sourcing: is searched for automatically using robot measurement, sights, automatic measurement, automatically records automatically
Function places 1 spherical prism above the plumb line at Shaft bank Yu shaft bottom control point, and total station centering leveling is erected at
On the control point D0 of shaft bottom, and measures height of instrument and be recorded in the reverse cultellation specific record table of elevation；Prism is inputted before measurement
Constant；Total station carrying handle is laid down, total station is manually substantially concentrated one's gaze on to the zenith prismosphere above well head, this is only to need to see whole station
The zenith angle of instrument display screen is shown as 0 degree, open total station search for, sight automatically automatically, automatic measurement function, total station
Automatically it searches for and sights the prismosphere on well head zenith direction automatically and start to measure, at this point, shown by total station display screen
Distance plus height of instrument be vertical shaft elevation；
(3.4) D1 is as the method that the reverse transmission method of elevation at two shaft bottoms D2 control point is transmitted with D0 elevation；
(3.5) elevation imports accuracy detection: after all importing to shaft bottom D0, D1 and D2 elevation, in shaft bottom whole station
Whether instrument triangulated height or level meter detection close ring meet third measurement of the level required precision；If precision transfinites, find out
Reason simultaneously returns to the repetition benefit survey of (3.2) step；
(3.6) after tested, total station does not need additional purchase installation diagonal eyepiece can sight zenith direction automatically
Prism.
The apparatus selection of the present embodiment include 1 for traverse survey high-precision intelligent total station, 1 for upslide
The optics zenith instrument of point, 1 set for downward cultellation laser plummet apparatus, 4 be used for the prism of conducting wire ranging angle measurement, 1 use
Import that the mini micro-lens used, 4 centering pedestals for disposing prism, 5 for disposing the foot prop of instrument in elevation
The steel tape for comparing test and using is imported for elevation with 2.D3, D4, D5, D6 and D7 in Fig. 1 are that underground control net is sat
Control point on mark system, d1, d2, d3, d4, d5 and d6 are the line controlled between net control point for underground.
This example can guarantee that the laser of laser plummet apparatus irradiates straight up.
One, with laser plummet apparatus, cultellation compares test to the reverse cultellation of laser plummet apparatus downward
It is met the requirements to verify the precision of the reverse cultellation of laser plummet apparatus, this measurement method is conventionally grasped by well head
Make the downward cultellation of platform.To reduce because laser plummet apparatus precision bring influences, use precision for 1/200000 Dalian La Tesheng
The ZL zenith instrument that the EN-20 laser plummet apparatus of production and the precision of Witter company production are 1/200000 compares test with precision.
On March 8th, 2014 is compared test in No. 2 vertical shafts of Borland Line for Passenger Transportation.No. 2 vertical shaft well depth 56.78m, shaft bottom inverted arch elevation
1064.000m well head gantry crane crossbeam elevation 1129.85m.Respectively by the instrument of two different operating methods of nadir instrument and zenith instrument
Device is erected on the traveling gantry crane above shaft bottom and well head.Nadir instrument, gantry crane are set up above the well head on gantry crane crossbeam
Crossbeam is apart from ground about 9m；At this point, height 66m of the laser plummet apparatus apart from shaft bottom control point, passes through live actual measurement cultellation
Obtain that EN-20 nadir instrument is consistent with ZL zenith instrument result, throw the error in point measurement of 3 control points D0, D1 and D2 all 1mm with
It is interior, penetrating accuracy requirement required for shaft plumbing is fully met, illustrates the feasible, precision using the reverse cultellation method of ZL zenith instrument
Reliably, easy to operate practical.Compare test result and is shown in Table 1 in detail.
The 1 reverse cultellation of ZL zenith instrument of table compares test result table with the vertical cultellation of EN-20 nadir instrument
Two, total station vertical shaft elevation, which is inversely transmitted, compares test with vertical ruler introductory technique
The vertical ruler introductory technique of tradition: elevation transmitting measurement is carried out using the method for suspending 100m steel ruler in midair in vertical shaft.On well and
Underground respectively disposes level to read the B Sopwith staff b2 on well head benchmark A Sopwith staff a1 and shaft bottom D0 respectively；Then it will identify
100m steel tape is suspended in well；And the weight that phase homogenous quantities are examined and determine with steel ruler should be suspended in midair on steel ruler.Stablize to steel tape
Shi Jing is upper and underground level passes through intercom while reading a2 and b2；Three survey time of independent observation is answered every time, per survey time will change
Height of instrument, three survey time measure on the ground, the height difference of underground bench mark is poor should be less than 3.0mm, the height difference of three survey time measurement carries out
Temperature, ruler are long and self weight tension corrects, and measure the reading of steel ruler three times obtained and are averaged.The elevation H of shaft bottom D0 pointD0=HA+
(a1-b1)+(a2-b2)。
D1 with D2 steel tape introductory technique with D0 as, after D0, D1, D2 all import after with shaft bottom level measurement closure
Ring checks the precision of importing.
The total station same step of elevation reverse sourcing method (3).
After tested, it is imported using 3 points of gained elevations of total station elevation vertical shaft reverse sourcing D0, D1, D2 with traditional vertical ruler
Method result is consistent.It the results are shown in Table 2 than surveying in detail.
The reverse elevation introductory technique of 2 total station of table compares test result with vertical ruler introductory technique
| Introductory technique | D0(m) | D1(m) | D2 | Required precision |
| Total station reverse sourcing method | 1063.8622 | 1063.8151 | 1063.9858 | ±3.1 |
| Hang down ruler introductory technique | 1063.8613 | 1063.8143 | 1063.9871 | ±3.1 |
| Difference (mm) | +0.9 | +0.8 | -1.3 | ±3.1 |
| Conclusion | Meet required precision | Meet required precision | Meet required precision | Meet required precision |
Embodiments of the present invention are described above in conjunction with attached drawing, however, the implementation is not limited to the above embodiments, this field
Those of ordinary skill can be with various changes and modifications may be made within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. the reverse coordinate of tunnel shaft transmits cultellation measurement method, which is characterized in that buried in vertical shaft shaft bottom perpendicular at control point
Well inverted arch bottom surface is equipped with inverted arch vertical holes, and bracket is equipped in inverted arch vertical holes, and be equipped on bracket has out up and down
The spherical groove of mouth, universal rotational is equipped with spin in spherical groove, and laser plummet apparatus is fixed on spherical groove upper open end
In spin, it is fixed with sunpender straight down in the spin of spherical groove lower open end, is fixed with gravity in downrod lower end
Ball, and the centre of sphere of the laser column axial line of laser plummet apparatus, the centre of sphere of Roll and gravitation ball all falls in the axle center of sunpender
On the extended line of line；Measurement method includes the following steps:
(1) apparatus selection and instrument verification before carrying out cultellation；
(2) setting laser plummet apparatus inversely transmits cultellation；
(3) inversely transmitting is handled total station vertical shaft elevation:
(3.1) basic point pilot measurement: using assay approval electronic level by ground elevation according to second-order levelling method and
D0 ' in precision pilot measurement to shaft mouth operating bench, D1 ', on three control points D2 '；
(3.2) instrumental constant is arranged: before measurement, first total station being placed in vertical shaft and adapts to domestic environment about 20 minutes, and will
Total station searches for horizontal extent automatically and increases 180 degree, and vertical search range is reduced to 3 degree；
(3.3) it elevation reverse sourcing: searched for using robot measurement, sighted automatically automatically, automatic measurement, the function such as automatically recording
Can, 1 spherical prism is placed above the plumb line at Shaft bank Yu shaft bottom control point, and total station centering leveling is erected at well
On the control point D0 of bottom, and measures height of instrument and be recorded in the reverse cultellation specific record table of elevation；Input prism is normal before measurement
Number；Total station carrying handle is laid down, total station is manually substantially concentrated one's gaze on to the zenith prismosphere above well head, this is only to need to see total station
The zenith angle of display screen is shown as 0 degree, open total station search for, sight automatically automatically, automatic measurement function, total station oneself
It moves to search for and sight the prismosphere on well head zenith direction automatically and starts to measure, at this point, shown by total station display screen
Distance is vertical shaft elevation plus height of instrument；
(3.4) D1 is as the method that the reverse transmission method of elevation at two shaft bottoms D2 control point is transmitted with D0 elevation；
(3.5) elevation imports accuracy detection: after all importing to shaft bottom D0, D1 and D2 elevation, in shaft bottom total station three
Whether angle elevation or level meter detection close ring meet third measurement of the level required precision；If precision transfinites, reason is found out
And it returns to (3.2) step and repeats to mend survey；
(3.6) after tested, total station does not need additional purchase installation diagonal eyepiece can sight the prism of zenith direction automatically.
2. the reverse coordinate of tunnel shaft according to claim 1 transmits cultellation measurement method, which is characterized in that carry out cultellation
Preceding apparatus selection and instrument checking procedure include:
(1.1) laser plummet apparatus of choice accuracy 1/200000 comes card TS30 robot measurement conduct as cultellation instrument and use
The reverse transfer device of elevation, and calibration is carried out to laser plummet apparatus；
(1.2) laser plummet apparatus alidade is carried out to diameter measurement in different orientation, eliminates the axis of levelling bubble of laser plummet apparatus
With the influence of instrument rotary shaft, collimation axis and rotation axle misalignment；
(1.3) on calibration platform or an elevation building is looked for, centering leveling first is carried out to laser plummet apparatus, then rotates laser
Plumb aligner checks whether laser plummet apparatus circular bubble and bubble tube are placed in the middle, make axis of levelling bubble parallel or perpendicular to laser lead
Hang down instrument rotary shaft, then by level alidade be respectively aligned to 0 ° of instrument scale, 90 °, 180 °, 270 ° of four scale orientation simultaneously
Laser plummet apparatus alidade is rotated, the center of graticle crosshair is observed by eyepiece, sees whether 4 point centers of reading weigh
It closes, if, the center of the graticle crosshair of laser plummet apparatus is overlapped with tester center of reticule, illustrates laser plummet apparatus
Collimation axis be it is vertical, illustrate that accuracy of instrument is met the requirements, do not need adjustment；Otherwise, eyepiece protection cap, adjustment cross are opened
Silk, until the center of reticule of laser plummet apparatus is directed toward the same point always.
3. the reverse coordinate of tunnel shaft according to claim 1 transmits cultellation measurement method, which is characterized in that setting laser
Plumb aligner inversely transmits cultellation and includes the following steps:
(2.1) vertical shaft shaft bottom control point is embedded；
(2.2) Shaft bank operation rack is set up；
(2.3) the reverse cultellation of laser plummet apparatus；
(2.4) the reverse cultellation of well head is the same as ground control point connection survey.
4. the reverse coordinate of tunnel shaft according to claim 3 transmits cultellation measurement method, which is characterized in that vertical shaft shaft bottom
It buries process in control point: burying 3 control points in the suitable position in vertical shaft shaft bottom, and the point depth of burying at control point is wanted
Lower than vertical shaft inverted arch bottom surface about 10cm；The mutual distance in 3 control points according to the width dimensions of vertical shaft want to the greatest extent it is possible most
Greatly, to improve vertically and horizontally precision when total station pilot measurement；It should be noted that avoiding shelter in embedded point.
5. the reverse coordinate of tunnel shaft according to claim 3 transmits cultellation measurement method, which is characterized in that Shaft bank
Operation rack, which sets up process, is: laser plummet apparatus being erected on the control point of shaft bottom, opens laser convenient on the pit mouth of ground
Worker looks for the position that operating platform is set up in wherein position, the position that operating platform laser beam passes through reserve 150mm ×
150mm and preformed hole corresponding with shaft bottom control point vertical guarantee that preformed hole can be passed through when laser beam irradiates vertically upward；
If being provided with wall around vertical shaft, operating platform is allowed to be significantly larger than wall.
6. the reverse coordinate of tunnel shaft according to claim 3 transmits cultellation measurement method, which is characterized in that laser plumb
The reverse cultellation setting up procedure of instrument is:
(2.3.1) dispose laser plumb instrument: shaft bottom be arranged three control points D0, D1 and D2, then D0, D1, D2 this three
Laser plummet apparatus is set up on a control point respectively, and laser plummet apparatus centering is flattened；
(2.3.2) is placed in reserved opening and is received target: these three controls of D0 ', D1 ', D2 ' on well head gantry crane crossbeam operating platform
The transparent glass for placing 200mm × 200mm on the preformed hole of point 150mm × 150mm respectively is made as reception target；
(2.3.3) diameter cultellation: opening laser plummet apparatus Laser Power Devices, have beam of laser and project from telephotolens, projects
At the top of to well head on gantry crane crossbeam on the reception target of 150mm × 150mm preformed hole, using diameter method of reading, instrument point is operated
Survey crew not in this four disk position cultellation positioning of 0 degree, 90 degree, 180 degree and 270 degree, operating platform is with marking pen in glass
4 LASER SPECKLE positions are determined on glass receiver board respectively；The point that 4 directions are thrown is constituted on glass receiver board to be similar to just
It is rectangular, and require the side length of square within 5mm；
(2.3.4) diameter intersects punctum: by 0 degree of point and 180 degree point and 90 degree of points and 270 degree of point interconnections, intersection point is
For the vertical control point in the shaft bottom；
(2.3.5) forms triangular closed ring: laser plummet apparatus on well and underground cast D0 ' and D0, D1 ' and D1, D2 ' and
D2, and D0 ' and D0 are spatially 2 points, but while projecting to same plane, just becomes 1 point；Similarly, D1 ' and D1 is projected
Also become 1 point when to same plane, D2 ' and D2 also become 1 point when projecting to same plane；Conducting wire is connected by cultellation on well
At a triangular closed ring, underground conducting wire is also linked to be a triangular closed ring by cultellation；
Other 2 control points D0, D2 (2.3.6) are communicated up cultellation using same method；
The detection of (2.3.7) close ring: three control point compositions three of D0 ', D1 ', D2 ' on well head top operating platform are inversely thrown into
It is angular, mutual angle and distance relationship is checked using total station TS30, confirms the precision of inner coincidence at thrown control point；
(2.3.1)~(2.3.7) step is repeated several times in (2.3.8), takes its cultellation position mean value.
7. the reverse coordinate of tunnel shaft according to claim 3 transmits cultellation measurement method, which is characterized in that well head is reverse
Cultellation is with ground control point connection survey process: control point D0 ', the D1 ', D2 ' shaft bottom being inversely transmitted on operating platform
Translocation is carried out according to the measurement method of second-class conducting wire in total station hole with the control point WH1 and WH2 near well head using total station,
Total station is no less than 6 survey time.
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| CN108362305B (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2023-08-15 | 江苏建筑职业技术学院 | Manufacturing and using method of automatic centering device of total station |
| CN109211183B (en) * | 2018-10-18 | 2021-05-25 | 杜志刚 | Corner intersection measuring method for long and large tunnel deep shaft |
| CN109855612A (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2019-06-07 | 中铁十二局集团有限公司 | A kind of forced centering structure and its centering method for tunnel traverse survey inside tunnel |
| CN110243353A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-09-17 | 临沂矿业集团菏泽煤电有限公司 | Underground hangs prism traverse survey method |
| CN110966994B (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2022-02-22 | 中铁大桥局第七工程有限公司 | Shaft connection method and measuring device for shaft connection method |
| CN111829492B (en) * | 2020-07-24 | 2021-11-30 | 中交第二航务工程局有限公司 | Laser plummet application-based contact measurement method |
| CN114370303A (en) * | 2021-12-08 | 2022-04-19 | 上海市基础工程集团有限公司 | A method for measuring the initial orientation edge of small shaft lengthening |
| CN114485584B (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2023-05-05 | 中铁第六勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Subway interval joint measurement method based on reverse connection measurement |
| CN114608546B (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2024-07-02 | 上海市基础工程集团有限公司 | Device and method for measuring penetration of ultra-long distance shield tunnel |
| CN115711606B (en) * | 2022-11-22 | 2024-10-25 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Small-diameter TBM tunnel tunneling measurement control transmission method |
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| JPH06213665A (en) * | 1993-01-20 | 1994-08-05 | Hideo Teruuchi | Laser measuring device and laser plumb |
| CN2356318Y (en) * | 1999-01-12 | 1999-12-29 | 游坤隆 | vertical level |
| GB2399376B (en) * | 2003-03-14 | 2005-11-02 | Cementation Found Skanska Ltd | Placing elements in piles |
| CN201858974U (en) * | 2010-09-13 | 2011-06-08 | 上海水务建设工程有限公司 | System for measuring axes of long-distance jacking pipe |
| CN102418515B (en) * | 2011-09-08 | 2014-04-23 | 中铁上海工程局市政工程有限公司 | Method for performing shaft orientation survey by using optical plummet |
| CN103644900B (en) * | 2013-12-24 | 2016-05-18 | 中铁上海工程局集团有限公司 | A kind of upper pipe working well plane connection survey |
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