CN106978378B - Microbial straw leavening agent and method for fermenting straw by using microbial straw leavening agent - Google Patents
Microbial straw leavening agent and method for fermenting straw by using microbial straw leavening agent Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of bioengineering, and provides a microbial straw leavening agent and a method for fermenting straw by using the same, wherein the microbial straw leavening agent comprises an aerobic bacteria leavening agent and an anaerobic bacteria leavening agent, and the aerobic bacteria leavening agent is a mucorales strain or aspergillus strain leavening agent; the anaerobic bacteria starter is lactobacillus. The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the existing straws are burnt on the spot, air pollution and data waste are caused, and the efficiency of using the straws as feed is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of bioengineering, and particularly relates to a microbial straw leavening agent and a method for fermenting straws by using the microbial straw leavening agent.
Background
China is a big agricultural country, the straw resources are rich, and the crop straws are important biological resources and can be converted and utilized in various forms. However, in recent years, with the change of cultivation and life style, the effect of returning crop straws to the field is not ideal, and the phenomenon of burning straws by farmers is often prohibited. The straw burning phenomenon is very serious, the environment is seriously polluted, haze weather is caused, traffic safety and resident life are directly influenced, and the straw burning prohibition is imperative.
Crop straw ensiling has many benefits: the feed has less nutrient loss which is generally not more than 10%, and is rich in digestible vitamins, proteins, fats and other nutrient components, sour, sweet and aromatic in smell, high in digestibility and good in palatability, can increase appetite and promote digestion, and can be fed in four seasons. If 60-65% of the straw is used as feed, 80% of the requirement of coarse feed of cattle, sheep, horses and the like in China can be met.
At present, the straw is used as feed in a small amount, and the main reasons are as follows:
the nutritive value is low, and the content of the main expression protein is low;
secondly, the digestion rate is low, and the main reasons are that: the lignin content is high, and lignin and cellulose combine to form a compact mosaic structure, which forms a protective layer on the surface of available nutrients, limiting the digestion of internal nutrients. The straw surface involucra and the wax layer obstruct the digestion of the straw. Basal cuticle and silicon cells have a limiting effect on the digestion of the straw. The formation of crystals among cellulose molecules provides an obstacle to the utilization of straws.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problems that the existing straws are burnt on the spot, the air is polluted, the data is wasted, and the efficiency of using the straws as the feed is low. The invention provides a microbial straw leavening agent capable of fully fermenting straws to be used as feed and a method for fermenting straws by using the microbial straw leavening agent.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a microbial straw starter culture, which comprises an aerobic bacteria starter culture and an anaerobic bacteria starter culture,
the aerobic bacteria starter is a starter of a Mucor strain or an Aspergillus strain;
the anaerobic bacteria starter is lactobacillus.
Preferably, the aerobic bacteria starter is a mucor starter.
Preferably, the anaerobic bacteria starter is a lactic acid bacteria starter.
Preferably, the microbial straw leavening agent is prepared by mixing the following mucor and lactic acid bacteria in parts by weight: 18-25 parts of mucor and 23-29 parts of lactic acid bacteria.
Preferably, the microbial straw leavening agent is prepared by mixing the following mucor and lactic acid bacteria in parts by weight: 18-22 parts of mucor and 23-25 parts of lactic acid bacteria.
Preferably, the microbial straw leavening agent is prepared by mixing the following mucor and lactic acid bacteria in parts by weight: 19 parts of mucor and 24 parts of lactobacillus.
Preferably, the preparation method of the aerobic bacteria starter comprises the following steps: inoculating trichoderma strains on a culture medium, culturing at 18-34 ℃ until the culture medium is full of mycelia, inoculating the mycelia into the culture medium, performing amplification culture at 18-34 ℃ until the culture medium is full of mycelia, and continuously inoculating the mycelia into the culture medium, performing amplification culture at 18-34 ℃ until the culture medium is full of mycelia.
In one aspect, the method for fermenting straw by using the same comprises the following steps:
step (1): taking the straws from which impurities and rotten and deteriorated are removed, and drying the straws for later use;
step (2): cutting the straws prepared in the step (1) to 1-2cm by using a chopper;
and (3): adding water into the straws, wherein the weight ratio of the added water to the straws is as follows: water = 1: 0.8-1.5, spreading the straws added with water on a cement pond or the ground, spraying the microbial straw leavening agent once when the straws with the thickness of 10-20cm are spread, compacting layer by layer, sealing with a plastic film, sealing, compacting and sealing the periphery;
and (4): the sealed material enters a fermentation stage for 23-25 days in summer and 25-32 days in autumn and winter;
and (5): drying with air flow of 127-130 deg.C to obtain material with water content of 5-8%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention relates to a microbial starter culture which comprises an aerobic bacteria starter culture and an anaerobic bacteria starter culture, wherein the aerobic bacteria starter culture is a mucoralaceae strain or aspergillus strain starter culture; the anaerobic bacteria starter is lactobacillus and is used for fermenting straws, and the straws are fully fermented to be used as feed, so that the straw efficiency is improved, and the problems of air pollution, waste of data and the like caused by the existing on-site burning of the straws are solved;
(2) the invention inoculates the trichoderma strains on the culture medium, culture to overgrow with hypha under the condition of 18-34 ℃, inoculate the hypha into the culture medium and enlarge and culture to overgrow with hypha under the condition of 18-34 ℃, inoculate the hypha into the culture medium continuously and enlarge and culture to overgrow with hypha at 18-34 ℃, get the aerobic bacteria starter, the good culture starter prepared through several times of enlargement culture, the activity is high;
(3) the straw fermentation method of the invention comprises the following steps: taking the straws from which impurities and rotten and deteriorated are removed, and drying the straws for later use;
cutting the prepared straws to 1-2 cm; adding water into the straws, wherein the weight ratio of the added water to the straws is as follows: water = 1: 0.8-1.5, spreading the straws added with water on a cement pond or the ground, spraying the microbial straw leavening agent once when the straws with the thickness of 10-20cm are spread, compacting layer by layer, sealing with a plastic film, sealing, compacting and sealing the periphery; the sealed material enters a fermentation stage for 23-25 days in summer and 25-32 days in autumn and winter; drying with air flow of 127-130 deg.C to obtain material with water content of 5-8%. The method is simple, mild in condition, free of additional chemical agents and environment-friendly.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that the existing straws are burnt on the spot, air pollution and data waste are caused, and the efficiency of using the straws as feed is low. The invention provides a microbial straw leavening agent capable of fully fermenting straws to be used as feed and a method for fermenting straws by using the microbial straw leavening agent.
According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a microbial straw starter culture, which comprises an aerobic bacteria starter culture and an anaerobic bacteria starter culture,
the aerobic bacteria starter is a starter of a Mucor strain or an Aspergillus strain;
the anaerobic bacteria starter is lactobacillus.
Preferably, the aerobic bacteria starter is a mucor starter.
Preferably, the anaerobic bacteria starter is a lactic acid bacteria starter.
Preferably, the microbial straw leavening agent is prepared by mixing the following mucor and lactic acid bacteria in parts by weight: 18-25 parts of mucor and 23-29 parts of lactic acid bacteria.
Preferably, the microbial straw leavening agent is prepared by mixing the following mucor and lactic acid bacteria in parts by weight: 18-22 parts of mucor and 23-25 parts of lactic acid bacteria.
Preferably, the microbial straw leavening agent is prepared by mixing the following mucor and lactic acid bacteria in parts by weight: 19 parts of mucor and 24 parts of lactobacillus.
Preferably, the preparation method of the aerobic bacteria starter comprises the following steps: inoculating trichoderma strains on a culture medium, culturing at 18-34 ℃ until the culture medium is full of mycelia, inoculating the mycelia into the culture medium, performing amplification culture at 18-34 ℃ until the culture medium is full of mycelia, and continuously inoculating the mycelia into the culture medium, performing amplification culture at 18-34 ℃ until the culture medium is full of mycelia.
In one aspect, the method for fermenting straw by using the same comprises the following steps:
step (1): taking the straws from which impurities and rotten and deteriorated are removed, and drying the straws for later use;
step (2): cutting the straws prepared in the step (1) to 1-2cm by using a chopper;
and (3): adding water into the straws, wherein the weight ratio of the added water to the straws is as follows: water = 1: 0.8-1.5, spreading the straws added with water on a cement pond or the ground, spraying the microbial straw leavening agent once when the straws with the thickness of 10-20cm are spread, compacting layer by layer, sealing with a plastic film, sealing, compacting and sealing the periphery;
and (4): the sealed material enters a fermentation stage for 23-25 days in summer and 25-32 days in autumn and winter;
and (5): drying with air flow of 127-130 deg.C to obtain material with water content of 5-8%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention relates to a microbial starter culture which comprises an aerobic bacteria starter culture and an anaerobic bacteria starter culture, wherein the aerobic bacteria starter culture is a mucoralaceae strain or aspergillus strain starter culture; the anaerobic bacteria starter is lactobacillus and is used for fermenting straws, and the straws are fully fermented to be used as feed, so that the straw efficiency is improved, and the problems of air pollution, waste of data and the like caused by the existing on-site burning of the straws are solved;
(2) the invention inoculates the trichoderma strains on the culture medium, culture to overgrow with hypha under the condition of 18-34 ℃, inoculate the hypha into the culture medium and enlarge and culture to overgrow with hypha under the condition of 18-34 ℃, inoculate the hypha into the culture medium continuously and enlarge and culture to overgrow with hypha at 18-34 ℃, get the aerobic bacteria starter, the good culture starter prepared through several times of enlargement culture, the activity is high;
(3) the straw fermentation method of the invention comprises the following steps: taking the straws from which impurities and rotten and deteriorated are removed, and drying the straws for later use;
cutting the prepared straws to 1-2 cm; adding water into the straws, wherein the weight ratio of the added water to the straws is as follows: water = 1: 0.8-1.5, spreading the straws added with water on a cement pond or the ground, spraying the microbial straw leavening agent once when the straws with the thickness of 10-20cm are spread, compacting layer by layer, sealing with a plastic film, sealing, compacting and sealing the periphery; the sealed material enters a fermentation stage for 23-25 days in summer and 25-32 days in autumn and winter; drying with air flow of 127-130 deg.C to obtain material with water content of 5-8%. The method is simple, mild in condition, free of additional chemical agents and environment-friendly.
Example 1
In one aspect of the present embodiment, the microbial straw fermentation agent includes an aerobic bacteria fermentation agent and an anaerobic bacteria fermentation agent,
the aerobic bacteria starter is a starter of a Mucor strain or an Aspergillus strain;
the anaerobic bacteria starter is lactobacillus.
Preferably, the aerobic bacteria starter is a mucor starter.
Preferably, the anaerobic bacteria starter is a lactic acid bacteria starter.
Preferably, the microbial straw leavening agent is prepared by mixing the following mucor and lactic acid bacteria in parts by weight: 25 parts of mucor and 23 parts of lactobacillus.
Preferably, the preparation method of the aerobic bacteria starter comprises the following steps: inoculating trichoderma strains on a culture medium, culturing at 34 ℃ until the culture medium is full of mycelia, inoculating the mycelia into the culture medium, performing amplification culture at 34 ℃ until the culture medium is full of mycelia, and continuously inoculating the mycelia into the culture medium, performing amplification culture at 34 ℃ until the culture medium is full of mycelia.
In one aspect, the method for fermenting straw by using the same comprises the following steps:
step (1): taking the straws from which impurities and rotten and deteriorated are removed, and drying the straws for later use;
step (2): cutting the straws prepared in the step (1) to 2cm by using a chopper;
and (3): adding water into the straws, wherein the weight ratio of the added water to the straws is as follows: water = 1: 1.5, paving the straws added with water on a cement pond or the ground, spraying a microbial straw leavening agent once when the straws with the thickness of 10-20cm are paved, compacting layer by layer, sealing the straws with a plastic film, and sealing, compacting and sealing the periphery;
and (4): the sealed materials enter a fermentation stage for 25 days in summer and 25 days in autumn and winter;
and (5): drying with 130 deg.C air flow to obtain material with water content of 5%.
Example 2
In one aspect of the present embodiment, the microbial straw fermentation agent includes an aerobic bacteria fermentation agent and an anaerobic bacteria fermentation agent,
the aerobic bacteria starter is a starter of a Mucor strain or an Aspergillus strain;
the anaerobic bacteria starter is lactobacillus.
Preferably, the aerobic bacteria starter is a mucor starter.
Preferably, the anaerobic bacteria starter is a lactic acid bacteria starter.
Preferably, the microbial straw leavening agent is prepared by mixing the following mucor and lactic acid bacteria in parts by weight: 18 parts of mucor and 29 parts of lactobacillus.
Preferably, the preparation method of the aerobic bacteria starter comprises the following steps: inoculating trichoderma strains on a culture medium, culturing at 18 ℃ until the culture medium is full of mycelia, inoculating the mycelia into the culture medium, performing amplification culture at 18 ℃ until the culture medium is full of mycelia, and continuously inoculating the mycelia into the culture medium, performing amplification culture at 18 ℃ until the culture medium is full of mycelia.
In one aspect, the method for fermenting straw by using the same comprises the following steps:
step (1): taking the straws from which impurities and rotten and deteriorated are removed, and drying the straws for later use;
step (2): cutting the straws prepared in the step (1) to 1cm by using a chopper;
and (3): adding water into the straws, wherein the weight ratio of the added water to the straws is as follows: water = 1: 0.8, spreading the straws added with water on a cement pond or the ground, spraying the microbial straw leavening agent once when the straws with the thickness of 20cm are paved, sealing the straws by using a plastic film after the straws are compacted layer by layer, and sealing, pressing and sealing the periphery;
and (4): the sealed materials enter a fermentation stage for 23 days in summer and 32 days in autumn and winter;
and (5): drying with 127 deg.C air flow to reach material moisture of 8%.
Example 3
In one aspect of the present embodiment, the microbial straw fermentation agent includes an aerobic bacteria fermentation agent and an anaerobic bacteria fermentation agent,
the aerobic bacteria starter is a starter of a Mucor strain or an Aspergillus strain;
the anaerobic bacteria starter is lactobacillus.
Preferably, the aerobic bacteria starter is a mucor starter.
Preferably, the anaerobic bacteria starter is a lactic acid bacteria starter.
Preferably, the microbial straw leavening agent is prepared by mixing the following mucor and lactic acid bacteria in parts by weight: 19 parts of mucor and 24 parts of lactobacillus.
Preferably, the preparation method of the aerobic bacteria starter comprises the following steps: inoculating trichoderma strains on a culture medium, culturing at 24 ℃ until the culture medium is full of mycelia, inoculating the mycelia into the culture medium, performing amplification culture at 24 ℃ until the culture medium is full of mycelia, and continuously inoculating the mycelia into the culture medium, performing amplification culture at 24 ℃ until the culture medium is full of mycelia.
In one aspect, the method for fermenting straw by using the same comprises the following steps:
step (1): taking the straws from which impurities and rotten and deteriorated are removed, and drying the straws for later use;
step (2): cutting the straws prepared in the step (1) to 1-2cm by using a chopper;
and (3): adding water into the straws, wherein the weight ratio of the added water to the straws is as follows: water = 1: 0.9, spreading the straws added with water on a cement pond or the ground, spraying the microbial straw leavening agent once every 15cm thick straw is spread, compacting layer by layer, sealing with a plastic film, and sealing, compacting and sealing the periphery;
and (4): the sealed materials enter a fermentation stage for 25 days in summer and 32 days in autumn and winter;
and (5): drying with 129 deg.C air flow to obtain material moisture of 6%.
Example 4
In one aspect of the present embodiment, the microbial straw fermentation agent includes an aerobic bacteria fermentation agent and an anaerobic bacteria fermentation agent,
the aerobic bacteria starter is a starter of a Mucor strain or an Aspergillus strain;
the anaerobic bacteria starter is lactobacillus.
Preferably, the aerobic bacteria starter is a mucor starter.
Preferably, the anaerobic bacteria starter is a lactic acid bacteria starter.
Preferably, the microbial straw leavening agent is prepared by mixing the following mucor and lactic acid bacteria in parts by weight: 19 parts of mucor and 23 parts of lactobacillus.
Preferably, the preparation method of the aerobic bacteria starter comprises the following steps: inoculating trichoderma strains on a culture medium, culturing at 18 ℃ until the culture medium is full of mycelia, inoculating the mycelia into the culture medium, performing amplification culture at 34 ℃ until the culture medium is full of mycelia, and continuously inoculating the mycelia into the culture medium, performing amplification culture at 34 ℃ until the culture medium is full of mycelia.
In one aspect, the method for fermenting straw by using the same comprises the following steps:
step (1): taking the straws from which impurities and rotten and deteriorated are removed, and drying the straws for later use;
step (2): cutting the straws prepared in the step (1) to 2cm by using a chopper;
and (3): adding water into the straws, wherein the weight ratio of the added water to the straws is as follows: water = 1: 1.5, paving the straws added with water on a cement pond or the ground, spraying a microbial straw leavening agent once when the straws with the thickness of 15cm are paved, compacting layer by layer, sealing the straws with a plastic film, and sealing, compacting and sealing the periphery;
and (4): the sealed materials enter a fermentation stage for 25 days in summer and 32 days in autumn and winter;
and (5): drying with 130 deg.C air flow to obtain material with water content of 8%.
Example 5
In one aspect of the present embodiment, the microbial straw fermentation agent includes an aerobic bacteria fermentation agent and an anaerobic bacteria fermentation agent,
the aerobic bacteria starter is a starter of a Mucor strain or an Aspergillus strain;
the anaerobic bacteria starter is lactobacillus.
Preferably, the aerobic bacteria starter is a mucor starter.
Preferably, the anaerobic bacteria starter is a lactic acid bacteria starter.
Preferably, the microbial straw leavening agent is prepared by mixing the following mucor and lactic acid bacteria in parts by weight: 19 parts of mucor and 24 parts of lactobacillus.
Preferably, the preparation method of the aerobic bacteria starter comprises the following steps: inoculating trichoderma strains on a culture medium, culturing at 18-34 ℃ until the culture medium is full of mycelia, inoculating the mycelia into the culture medium, performing amplification culture at 18-34 ℃ until the culture medium is full of mycelia, and continuously inoculating the mycelia into the culture medium, performing amplification culture at 18-34 ℃ until the culture medium is full of mycelia.
In one aspect, the method for fermenting straw by using the same comprises the following steps:
step (1): taking the straws from which impurities and rotten and deteriorated are removed, and drying the straws for later use;
step (2): cutting the straws prepared in the step (1) to 1-2cm by using a chopper;
and (3): adding water into the straws, wherein the weight ratio of the added water to the straws is as follows: water = 1: 1.4, paving the straws added with water on a cement pond or the ground, spraying a microbial straw leavening agent once when the straws with the thickness of 19cm are paved, compacting layer by layer, sealing the straws with a plastic film, and sealing, compacting and sealing the periphery;
and (4): the sealed materials enter a fermentation stage for 23 days in summer and 32 days in autumn and winter;
and (5): drying with air flow of 127-130 deg.C to obtain material with water content of 5-7%.
The foregoing description of specific embodiments of the present invention has been presented. It is to be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art within the scope of the appended claims without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A microbial straw leaven is characterized in that the microbial straw leaven comprises an aerobic bacteria leaven and an anaerobic bacteria leaven,
the aerobic bacteria starter is a mucor starter;
the anaerobic bacteria starter is a lactic acid bacteria starter;
the microbial straw leavening agent is prepared by mixing the following mucor and lactic acid bacteria in parts by weight: 18-25 parts of mucor and 23-29 parts of lactic acid bacteria.
2. The microbial straw leavening agent of claim 1, wherein: the microbial straw leavening agent is prepared by mixing the following mucor and lactic acid bacteria in parts by weight: 18-22 parts of mucor and 23-25 parts of lactic acid bacteria.
3. The microbial straw leavening agent of claim 1, wherein: the microbial straw leavening agent is prepared by mixing the following mucor and lactic acid bacteria in parts by weight: 19 parts of mucor and 24 parts of lactobacillus.
4. The microbial straw leavening agent of claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the aerobic bacteria starter comprises the following steps: inoculating trichoderma strains on a culture medium, culturing at 18-34 ℃ until the culture medium is full of mycelia, inoculating the mycelia into the culture medium, performing amplification culture at 18-34 ℃ until the culture medium is full of mycelia, and continuously inoculating the mycelia into the culture medium, performing amplification culture at 18-34 ℃ until the culture medium is full of mycelia.
5. A method for fermenting straw by using the microbial straw fermentation agent as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
step (1): taking the straws from which impurities and rotten and deteriorated are removed, and drying the straws for later use;
step (2): cutting the straws prepared in the step (1) to 1-2cm by using a chopper;
and (3): adding water into the straws, wherein the weight ratio of the added water to the straws is as follows: water 1: 0.8-1.5, spreading the straws added with water on a cement pond or the ground, spraying the microbial straw leavening agent according to any one of claims 1-4 once every 10-20cm thick straw is spread, compacting layer by layer, capping with a plastic film, sealing, compacting and sealing the periphery;
and (4): the sealed material enters a fermentation stage for 23-25 days in summer and 25-32 days in autumn and winter;
and (5): drying with air flow of 127-130 deg.C to obtain material with water content of 5-8%.
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| JP2001078675A (en) * | 1999-09-10 | 2001-03-27 | Kyowa Shoji Kk | Straw treated with effective microorganisms and treatment of straw |
| CN102578441A (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2012-07-18 | 李绩 | Method for producing silage using compound microorganism fermentation straws |
| CN103232944A (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2013-08-07 | 南京林业大学 | Microorganism bacterium agent for straw and excrement mixed composting |
| CN105274016A (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2016-01-27 | 济源市国龙生物科技有限公司 | Microbial straw fermentation agent and method for producing straw forage by utilizing fermentation agent |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2001078675A (en) * | 1999-09-10 | 2001-03-27 | Kyowa Shoji Kk | Straw treated with effective microorganisms and treatment of straw |
| CN102578441A (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2012-07-18 | 李绩 | Method for producing silage using compound microorganism fermentation straws |
| CN103232944A (en) * | 2013-04-25 | 2013-08-07 | 南京林业大学 | Microorganism bacterium agent for straw and excrement mixed composting |
| CN105274016A (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2016-01-27 | 济源市国龙生物科技有限公司 | Microbial straw fermentation agent and method for producing straw forage by utilizing fermentation agent |
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