CN106935674A - 一种SiGeSn太阳能电池光伏组件 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种SiGeSn太阳能电池光伏组件,属于太阳能光伏发电技术领域,所述SiGeSn太阳能电池光伏组件从下到上依次包括光伏散热背板、第一EVA封装层、第一导热硅胶封装层、SiGeSn太阳能电池片层、第二导热硅胶封装层、第二EVA封装层、透明玻璃盖板。本发明采用的SiGeSn太阳能电池片具有优异光电转换效率,同时在SiGeSn太阳能电池片层的上表面和下表面分别设置导热硅胶封装层,提高了该SiGeSn太阳能电池光伏组件的散热性能和抗震性能,延长了光伏组件的使用寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能光伏发电技术领域,特别是涉及一种SiGeSn太阳能电池光伏组件。
背景技术
硅基太阳电池主要包括单晶硅太阳电池、非晶硅薄膜太阳电池和多晶硅薄膜太阳电池。其中单晶硅太阳电池的转换效率最高,在目前商业化太阳电池市场中占绝对统治地位。单晶硅太阳能电池的光电转化效率无疑非常具有竞争力,但由于其原材料价格高、复杂的制作工艺的影响,致使其成本太高,不利于实现大规模的民用光伏发电。为了降低成本,薄膜太阳能电池引起了人们的关注,它包括多晶硅薄膜太阳电池和非晶硅薄膜太阳电池。目前多晶硅电池由于成本稍低已被广泛用于商业化太阳能电池的制备中,多晶硅材晶体结构呈无规律性。非晶硅薄膜电池由于材料无序导致载流子寿命短,扩散长度小,电子空穴复合严重,并且长时间光照下会产生光致衰减效应,因而转换效率低下。因此,如何设计一种制作简单、光电转换效率高的太阳能电池及组件,是业界亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服上述现有技术的不足,提供一种SiGeSn太阳能电池光伏组件。
为实现上述目的,本发明提出的一种SiGeSn太阳能电池光伏组件,所述SiGeSn太阳能电池光伏组件从下到上依次包括光伏散热背板、第一EVA封装层、第一导热硅胶封装层、SiGeSn太阳能电池片层、第二导热硅胶封装层、第二EVA封装层、透明玻璃盖板;所述第一导热硅胶层按照重量百分比计算由以下组分组成:甲基苯基硅油100份,乙烯基硅油50-80份,含氢硅油20-30份,铂金催化剂0.1-0.5份,抑制剂1-3份,硅烷偶联剂3-5份,导热纳米颗粒80-150份,二氧化钛颗粒20-50份;所述SiGeSn太阳能电池片层包括多个呈矩阵排列的SiGeSn太阳能电池片,所述SiGeSn太阳能电池片包括从下到上依次排列的背面电极、P型单晶硅基底、P型硅微米柱阵列、N型磷掺杂SiGeSn层、透明导电层、应力引入层、上电极,其中,N型磷掺杂SiGeSn层是在所述P型硅微米柱阵列上外延不同组分的Si、Ge和Sn制得,其通式为SixGeySn1-x-y,其中,0.5≤x≤0.8,0.1≤y≤0.5,x+y<1;所述第二导热硅胶层按照重量百分比计算由以下组分组成:甲基苯基硅油100份,乙烯基硅油50-80份,含氢硅油20-30份,铂金催化剂0.1-0.5份,抑制剂1-3份,硅烷偶联剂3-5份,导热纳米颗粒80-150份,无碱玻璃纤维5-15份。
作为优选,所述光伏散热背板的厚度为300-600微米。
作为优选,所述第一、第二导热硅胶层中的所述抑制剂为酰胺化合物或马来酸酯化合物。
作为优选,所述第一、第二导热硅胶层中的所述硅烷偶联剂为乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三过氧化叔丁基硅烷、乙烯基三乙酰氧基硅烷、乙烯基三(β -甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、γ-(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、辛基三甲氧基硅烷中的一种或几种。
作为优选,所述第一、第二导热硅胶层中的所述导热纳米颗粒为氧化铝、氧化镁、氧化锌、氮化铝、氮化硼、氮化硅、碳化硅、碳纤维、石墨烯、碳纳米管中的一种或多种的组合,所述导热纳米颗粒的粒径为50-100微米。
作为优选,所述二氧化钛颗粒的粒径为50-100微米。
作为优选,所述P型硅微米柱阵列和所述N型磷掺杂SiGeSn层形成核-壳结构,所述P型硅微米柱阵列的单个硅微米柱的长度为100-500微米,所述单个硅微米住的直径为2-10微米,相邻硅微米柱的间距为10-50微米,所述N型磷掺杂SiGeSn层的厚度为100-500纳米。
作为优选,所述N型磷掺杂SiGeSn层的化学式为Si0.6Ge0.2Sn0.2。
作为优选,所述透明导电层的材料为ITO、铝掺杂氧化锌或FTO中的一种,所述透明导电层的厚度为10-50纳米,所述应力引入层为氮化硅或碳化硅,所述应力引入层的厚度为50-100纳米。
本发明采用N型磷掺杂SiGeSn层与P型硅微米柱阵列形成径向核-壳结构的PN结,提高了电子空穴对的分离与传输效率,且通过在N型磷掺杂SiGeSn层上形成应力引入层,N型磷掺杂SiGeSn层产生应变效应,使得N型磷掺杂SiGeSn层的带隙发生改变,有效提高SiGeSn太阳能电池片对红外光的吸收;同时在SiGeSn太阳能电池片层的上表面和下表面分别设置导热硅胶封装层,提高了该SiGeSn太阳能电池光伏组件的散热性能和抗震性能,延长了光伏组件的使用寿命,且通过在第一导热硅胶封装层中加入二氧化钛颗粒,二氧化钛颗粒可以反射透过SiGeSn太阳能电池片层的光,而被SiGeSn太阳能电池片吸收,提高了太阳光的利用率,同时二氧化钛颗粒可以阻隔紫外线,进而保护光伏散热背板,通过在第二导热硅胶封装层中加入无碱玻璃纤维,提高了第二导热硅胶封装层的绝缘性能,进而可以防止太阳能电池光伏组件的电势诱导衰减现象。
附图说明
图1为本发明的SiGeSn太阳能电池光伏组件的结构示意图;
图2为本发明的SiGeSn太阳能电池的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
如图1-2所示,一种SiGeSn太阳能电池光伏组件,所述SiGeSn太阳能电池光伏组件从下到上依次包括光伏散热背板1、第一EVA封装层2、第一导热硅胶封装层3、SiGeSn太阳能电池片层4、第二导热硅胶封装层5、第二EVA封装层6、透明玻璃盖板7;所述第一导热硅胶层3按照重量百分比计算由以下组分组成:甲基苯基硅油100份,乙烯基硅油50-80份,含氢硅油20-30份,铂金催化剂0.1-0.5份,抑制剂1-3份,硅烷偶联剂3-5份,导热纳米颗粒80-150份,二氧化钛颗粒20-50份;所述SiGeSn太阳能电池片层4包括多个呈矩阵排列的SiGeSn太阳能电池片,所述SiGeSn太阳能电池片包括从下到上依次排列的背面电极41、P型单晶硅基底42、P型硅微米柱阵列43、N型磷掺杂SiGeSn层44、透明导电层45、应力引入层46、上电极47,其中,N型磷掺杂SiGeSn层44是在所述P型硅微米柱阵列43上外延不同组分的Si、Ge和Sn制得,其通式为SixGeySn1-x-y,其中,0.5≤x≤0.8,0.1≤y≤0.5,x+y<1;所述第二导热硅胶层5按照重量百分比计算由以下组分组成:甲基苯基硅油100份,乙烯基硅油50-80份,含氢硅油20-30份,铂金催化剂0.1-0.5份,抑制剂1-3份,硅烷偶联剂3-5份,导热纳米颗粒80-150份,无碱玻璃纤维5-15份。
其中,所述光伏散热背板1的厚度为300-600微米,所述第一、第二导热硅胶层中的所述抑制剂为酰胺化合物或马来酸酯化合物,所述第一、第二导热硅胶层中的所述硅烷偶联剂为乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三过氧化叔丁基硅烷、乙烯基三乙酰氧基硅烷、乙烯基三(β -甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、γ-(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、辛基三甲氧基硅烷中的一种或几种,所述第一、第二导热硅胶层中的所述导热纳米颗粒为氧化铝、氧化镁、氧化锌、氮化铝、氮化硼、氮化硅、碳化硅、碳纤维、石墨烯、碳纳米管中的一种或多种的组合,所述导热纳米颗粒的粒径为50-100微米,所述二氧化钛颗粒的粒径为50-100微米,所述P型硅微米柱阵列43和所述N型磷掺杂SiGeSn层44形成核-壳结构,所述P型硅微米柱阵列43的单个硅微米柱的长度为100-500微米,所述单个硅微米住的直径为2-10微米,相邻硅微米柱的间距为10-50微米,所述N型磷掺杂SiGeSn层44的厚度为100-500纳米,所述透明导电层45的材料为ITO、铝掺杂氧化锌或FTO中的一种,所述透明导电层45的厚度为10-50纳米,所述应力引入层46为氮化硅或碳化硅,所述应力引入层46的厚度为50-100纳米。
该SiGeSn太阳能电池光伏组件的制备方法为:
首先,制备SiGeSn太阳能电池:准备P型单晶硅基底42,利用光刻胶作为掩膜,通过干法刻蚀得到P型硅微米柱阵列43,然后在所述P型硅微米柱阵列43上外延不同组分的Si、Ge和Sn制得SiGeSn层,并进行磷掺杂得到N型磷掺杂SiGeSn层,接着按依次形成透明导电层45、应力引入层46以及上电极47,最后在P型单晶硅基底42背面形成背面电极41,以得到SiGeSn太阳能电池。
其次,第一、第二导热硅胶层的制备:将上述比例的各组分混合均匀得到膏状物,备用。
然后,在光伏散热背板1上涂上一层EVA胶,然后将第一导热硅胶封装层3的膏状物置于EVA胶上,将多个SiGeSn太阳能电池片进行电连接并铺设于第一导热硅胶封装层3上,然后涂布第二导热硅胶封装层5的膏状物,接着再涂一层EVA胶,盖上透明玻璃盖板7,通过层压工艺得到SiGeSn太阳能电池光伏组件。
实施例1:
一种SiGeSn太阳能电池光伏组件,所述SiGeSn太阳能电池光伏组件从下到上依次包括厚度为500微米光伏散热背板1、第一EVA封装层2、第一导热硅胶封装层3、SiGeSn太阳能电池片层4、第二导热硅胶封装层5、第二EVA封装层6、透明玻璃盖板7。
所述第一导热硅胶层3按照重量百分比计算由以下组分组成:甲基苯基硅油100份,乙烯基硅油60份,含氢硅油25份,铂金催化剂0.2份,酰胺化合物抑制剂2份,乙烯基三过氧化叔丁基硅烷硅烷偶联剂4份,粒径为90微米氮化硼导热纳米颗粒90份,粒径为60微米的二氧化钛颗粒30份。该第一导热硅胶层3可以反射透过SiGeSn太阳能电池片层的光的90%以上,且粒径为90微米氮化硼导热纳米颗粒可以快速传热,保证该SiGeSn太阳能电池光伏组件在室温条件下工作。
所述SiGeSn太阳能电池片层4包括多个呈矩阵排列的SiGeSn太阳能电池片,所述SiGeSn太阳能电池片包括从下到上依次排列的背面电极41、P型单晶硅基底42、P型硅微米柱阵列43、N型磷掺杂SiGeSn层44、透明导电层45、应力引入层46、上电极47,其中,所述P型硅微米柱阵列43和所述N型磷掺杂SiGeSn层44形成核-壳结构,所述P型硅微米柱阵列43的单个硅微米柱的长度为400微米,所述单个硅微米住的直径为5微米,相邻硅微米柱的间距为20微米,所述N型磷掺杂SiGeSn层44的厚度为200纳米,所述N型磷掺杂SiGeSn层44的化学式为Si0.6Ge0.2Sn0.2,所述透明导电层的材料为ITO,所述透明导电层的厚度为20纳米,所述应力引入层46为氮化硅,所述应力引入层46同时可以起到减反射的作用,提高太阳能的入射率,所述应力引入层46的厚度为80纳米。N型磷掺杂SiGeSn层44与P型硅微米柱阵列43形成径向核-壳结构的PN结,提高了电子空穴对的分离与传输效率,且通过在N型磷掺杂SiGeSn层44上形成应力引入层46,N型磷掺杂SiGeSn层44产生应变效应,使得N型磷掺杂SiGeSn层44的带隙发生改变,有效提高SiGeSn太阳能电池片对红外光的吸收,在上述各个条件的配合作用下,该SiGeSn太阳能电池片的光电转换效率最佳,其光电转换效率高达19%。
所述第二导热硅胶层5按照重量百分比计算由以下组分组成:甲基苯基硅油100份,乙烯基硅油60份,含氢硅油25份,铂金催化剂0.2份,酰胺化合物抑制剂2份,乙烯基三过氧化叔丁基硅烷硅烷偶联剂4份,粒径为90微米氮化硼导热纳米颗粒90份,无碱玻璃纤维10份。该第二导热硅胶层5具有优异散热性的同时具有良好的绝缘性能,可以有效防止太阳能电池光伏组件的电势诱导衰减现象。
实施例2:
一种SiGeSn太阳能电池光伏组件,所述SiGeSn太阳能电池光伏组件从下到上依次包括厚度为400微米的光伏散热背板1、第一EVA封装层2、第一导热硅胶封装层3、SiGeSn太阳能电池片层4、第二导热硅胶封装层5、第二EVA封装层6、透明玻璃盖板7。
所述第一导热硅胶层3按照重量百分比计算由以下组分组成:甲基苯基硅油100份,乙烯基硅油70份,含氢硅油22份,铂金催化剂0.45份,抑制剂3份,硅烷偶联剂5份,粒径为50微米的碳化硅导热纳米颗粒150份,粒径为100微米的二氧化钛颗粒50份。该第一导热硅胶层3可以反射透过SiGeSn太阳能电池片层的光的95%以上。
所述SiGeSn太阳能电池片层4包括多个呈矩阵排列的SiGeSn太阳能电池片,所述SiGeSn太阳能电池片包括从下到上依次排列的背面电极41、P型单晶硅基底42、P型硅微米柱阵列43、N型磷掺杂SiGeSn层44、透明导电层45、应力引入层46、上电极47,其中,所述P型硅微米柱阵列43和所述N型磷掺杂SiGeSn层44形成核-壳结构,所述P型硅微米柱阵列43的单个硅微米柱的长度为200微米,所述单个硅微米住的直径为10微米,相邻硅微米柱的间距为45微米,所述N型磷掺杂SiGeSn层44的厚度为300纳米,所述N型磷掺杂SiGeSn层44的化学式为Si0.7Ge0.15Sn0.15,所述透明导电层的材料为FTO,所述透明导电层的厚度为40纳米,所述应力引入层46为碳化硅,所述应力引入层46的厚度为60纳米。N型磷掺杂SiGeSn层44与P型硅微米柱阵列43形成径向核-壳结构的PN结,提高了电子空穴对的分离与传输效率,且通过在N型磷掺杂SiGeSn层44上形成应力引入层46,N型磷掺杂SiGeSn层44产生应变效应,使得N型磷掺杂SiGeSn层44的带隙发生改变,有效提高SiGeSn太阳能电池片对红外光的吸收,在上述各个条件的配合作用下,该SiGeSn太阳能电池片的光电转换效率为17.5%。
所述第二导热硅胶层5按照重量百分比计算由以下组分组成:甲基苯基硅油100份,乙烯基硅油70份,含氢硅油22份,铂金催化剂0.45份,抑制剂3份,硅烷偶联剂5份,粒径为50微米的碳化硅导热纳米颗粒150份,无碱玻璃纤维15份。该第二导热硅胶层5具有优异散热性的同时具有良好的绝缘性能,可以有效防止太阳能电池光伏组件的电势诱导衰减现象。
对比例:
为了突出本发明的新型的SiGeSn太阳能电池片具有优异的光电转换效率,作为对比,对P型单晶硅基底的上表面进行常规制绒处理,然后在P型单晶硅基底的上表面沉积非晶硅层,并进行磷掺杂得到N型磷掺杂非晶硅层,接着按依次形成透明导电层以及上电极,最后在P型单晶硅基底背面形成背面电极,得到硅基太阳能电池,该硅基太阳能电池的光电转换效率为15.5%。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (9)
1.一种SiGeSn太阳能电池光伏组件,其特征在于:所述SiGeSn太阳能电池光伏组件从下到上依次包括光伏散热背板、第一EVA封装层、第一导热硅胶封装层、SiGeSn太阳能电池片层、第二导热硅胶封装层、第二EVA封装层、透明玻璃盖板;
所述第一导热硅胶层按照重量百分比计算由以下组分组成:甲基苯基硅油100份,乙烯基硅油50-80份,含氢硅油20-30份,铂金催化剂0.1-0.5份,抑制剂1-3份,硅烷偶联剂3-5份,导热纳米颗粒80-150份,二氧化钛颗粒20-50份;
所述SiGeSn太阳能电池片层包括多个呈矩阵排列的SiGeSn太阳能电池片,所述SiGeSn太阳能电池片包括从下到上依次排列的背面电极、P型单晶硅基底、P型硅微米柱阵列、N型磷掺杂SiGeSn层、透明导电层、应力引入层、上电极,其中,N型磷掺杂SiGeSn层是在所述P型硅微米柱阵列上外延不同组分的Si、Ge和Sn制得,其通式为SixGeySn1-x-y,其中,0.5≤x≤0.8,0.1≤y≤0.5,x+y<1;
所述第二导热硅胶层按照重量百分比计算由以下组分组成:甲基苯基硅油100份,乙烯基硅油50-80份,含氢硅油20-30份,铂金催化剂0.1-0.5份,抑制剂1-3份,硅烷偶联剂3-5份,导热纳米颗粒80-150份,无碱玻璃纤维5-15份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的SiGeSn太阳能电池光伏组件,其特征在于:所述光伏散热背板的厚度为300-600微米。
3.根据权利要求1所述的SiGeSn太阳能电池光伏组件,其特征在于:所述第一、第二导热硅胶层中的所述抑制剂为酰胺化合物或马来酸酯化合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的SiGeSn太阳能电池光伏组件,其特征在于:所述第一、第二导热硅胶层中的所述硅烷偶联剂为乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三过氧化叔丁基硅烷、乙烯基三乙酰氧基硅烷、乙烯基三(β -甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷、γ-(2,3-环氧丙氧)丙基三甲氧基硅烷、γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、辛基三甲氧基硅烷中的一种或几种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的SiGeSn太阳能电池光伏组件,其特征在于:所述第一、第二导热硅胶层中的所述导热纳米颗粒为氧化铝、氧化镁、氧化锌、氮化铝、氮化硼、氮化硅、碳化硅、碳纤维、石墨烯、碳纳米管中的一种或多种的组合,所述导热纳米颗粒的粒径为50-100微米。
6.根据权利要求1所述的SiGeSn太阳能电池光伏组件,其特征在于:所述二氧化钛颗粒的粒径为50-100微米。
7.根据权利要求1所述的SiGeSn太阳能电池光伏组件,其特征在于:所述P型硅微米柱阵列和所述N型磷掺杂SiGeSn层形成核-壳结构,所述P型硅微米柱阵列的单个硅微米柱的长度为100-500微米,所述单个硅微米住的直径为2-10微米,相邻硅微米柱的间距为10-50微米,所述N型磷掺杂SiGeSn层的厚度为100-500纳米。
8.根据权利要求7所述的SiGeSn太阳能电池光伏组件,其特征在于:所述N型磷掺杂SiGeSn层的化学式为Si0.6Ge0.2Sn0.2。
9.根据权利要求1所述的SiGeSn太阳能电池光伏组件,其特征在于:所述透明导电层的材料为ITO、铝掺杂氧化锌或FTO中的一种,所述透明导电层的厚度为10-50纳米,所述应力引入层为氮化硅或碳化硅,所述应力引入层的厚度为50-100纳米。
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