CN106922581B - Method for preventing fouling organisms from attaching to marine cultured shellfish - Google Patents
Method for preventing fouling organisms from attaching to marine cultured shellfish Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M29/00—Scaring or repelling devices, e.g. bird-scaring apparatus
- A01M29/12—Scaring or repelling devices, e.g. bird-scaring apparatus using odoriferous substances, e.g. aromas, pheromones or chemical agents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preventing fouling organisms from attaching to marine cultured shellfish, which comprises the following steps: (1) extracting insect-expelling Chinese herbal medicine dry extract; (2) pretreatment of cultured shellfish; (3) spraying treatment of cultured shellfish: selecting paraffin or a mixture of the paraffin and the insect-repellent Chinese herbal medicine dry extract, placing the mixture in a liquid spraying device, adjusting the temperature of the liquid spraying device to be 75-85 ℃ until the paraffin or the mixture of the paraffin and the insect-repellent Chinese herbal medicine dry extract in the liquid spraying device is completely dissolved, respectively and uniformly spraying the paraffin or the mixture of the paraffin and the insect-repellent Chinese herbal medicine dry extract on the front surface and the back surface of the partially dried shellfish in the shade, and then placing the shellfish in a shellfish cage to breed in a breeding area. The method is simple to operate, low in cost and environment-friendly, and can be used for preventing shellfish fouling organism adhesion in large-scale operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of shellfish culture, and particularly relates to a method for preventing fouling organisms from attaching to marine cultured shellfish.
Background
The fouling organisms are one of the main biological enemies for seawater shellfish culture, greatly increase the weight of the culture cage when a large amount of fouling organisms are attached to the cage, seriously damage the cage, and even more seriously block meshes of the cage, so that the dissolved oxygen and bait concentration in the cage are reduced, the growth and development of the shellfish are hindered, and the quality of the shellfish can be reduced when the fouling organisms are serious, or even the shellfish is killed greatly.
At present, the main strategies for shellfish fouling organism attachment harm of shellfish are shellfish cleaning and cage changing. For pearl oyster cultivation, the pearl oyster is generally required to be cleaned once in half a month. In addition, shellfish can be cleaned more than 4 times and replaced by cages at 3-4 months and 9-11 months per year. The great improvement of the labor cost brought by the high-frequency shellfish cleaning mode and the financial loss caused by the replacement of the shellfish cage and the round trip transportation of the shellfish between the culture area and the near bank are main obstacles influencing the improvement of the economic benefits of seawater shellfish culture.
Therefore, the establishment of a method for preventing the attachment of shellfish fouling organisms, which is simple to operate, low in cost, environment-friendly and capable of being operated on a large scale, is particularly important and urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for preventing and controlling fouling organisms of marine culture shellfish, which has the advantages of simple operation, low cost and environmental protection and can be used for preventing and controlling the fouling organisms of the shellfish in large-scale operation.
The technical problem of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for preventing fouling organisms from attaching to marine cultured shellfish comprises the following steps:
(1) extracting insect-expelling Chinese herbal medicine dry extract: selecting Chinese herbal medicines with insect expelling effect, pulverizing, soaking in ethanol, heating under reflux for several times, mixing filtrates, concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure, evaporating to dry at low temperature to obtain fluid extract, and drying the fluid extract at low temperature to obtain insect expelling Chinese herbal medicine dry extract;
(2) pretreatment of shellfish culture: selecting shellfish, cleaning the surface, and drying in the shade for standby;
(3) spraying treatment of cultured shellfish: selecting paraffin or a mixture of the paraffin and the insect-repellent Chinese herbal medicine dry extract, placing the mixture in a liquid spraying device, adjusting the temperature of the liquid spraying device to be 75-85 ℃ until the paraffin or the mixture of the paraffin and the insect-repellent Chinese herbal medicine dry extract in the liquid spraying device is completely dissolved, respectively and uniformly spraying the paraffin or the mixture of the paraffin and the insect-repellent Chinese herbal medicine dry extract on the front surface and the back surface of most of the shellfish dried in the shade, and then placing the shellfish in a shellfish cage to breed in a breeding area.
In the method for preventing and controlling the attachment of fouling organisms of the marine cultured shellfish:
the Chinese herbal medicine with the insect expelling effect in the step (1) is preferably one or more of chinaberry fruit, Chinese honey locust, red-knees herb, common cnidium fruit, akebia stem and betel nut.
The insect-expelling Chinese herbal medicine adopted by the invention has the advantages of low price, easy acquisition, safety, no toxicity, easy decomposition in water environment, no water body environmental pollution and no organism enrichment phenomenon.
The volume percentage content of the ethanol in the step (1) is preferably 90-98%, the dosage of the ethanol is preferably 12-18 times of the total mass of the Chinese herbal medicines, the ethanol is preferably heated, refluxed and extracted for 1-3 times, preferably 1-3 hours each time, and decompressed and concentrated into a fluid extract at 20-40 ℃, and then the fluid extract is dried into a dry extract at 40-60 ℃.
Selecting shellfish in the step (2), and drying most shellfish in the shade after cleaning the surface until the dry area accounts for more than 80% of the total area of the shellfish surface.
The paraffin in the step (3) is Lycra slice paraffin or No. 58 granular paraffin with the melting point of preferably 56-60 ℃.
In the step (3), the preferable mass part ratio of the paraffin to the insect-expelling Chinese herbal medicine dry extract is 40-60: 1.
the paraffin used in the invention has very small dosage, does not contain toxic substances, most of the paraffin on the shells is not easy to fall off in the seawater environment, and the spraying liquid which does not fall off can be cleaned together when fouling organisms are cleaned, so that the environmental pollution is avoided.
The liquid spraying device in the step (3) can be a commercially available liquid spraying device with a temperature control function.
In step (3) the liquid spraying equipment can also be the kettle that sprays paint that installs the temperature control mechanism additional of oneself design, the kettle top of spraying paint is equipped with the heat preservation conveyer pipe, heat preservation spray gun is installed to heat preservation conveyer pipe end, the kettle of spraying paint still be connected with be used for liquid pressurized air compression mechanism in the kettle of spraying paint.
And (3) when the paraffin or the mixed solution of the paraffin and the insect-repellent Chinese herbal medicine dry extract is uniformly sprayed on the front surface and the rear surface of the partially dried shellfish in the shade, preferably spraying liquid for 2-4 s at positions 20-40 cm above the front surface and the rear surface of the shellfish respectively, and preferably spraying liquid for 0.2-0.6 g each time.
And (3) when the paraffin or the mixed solution of the paraffin and the insect-repellent Chinese herbal medicine dry extract is uniformly sprayed on the front and back surfaces of the partially dried shellfish in the shade, preferably spraying one surface of the shellfish, standing for 3-5 min, turning over to the other surface of the shellfish, spraying in the same way, standing for 3-5 min, and placing the sprayed shellfish in a shellfish cage to breed in a breeding area.
The control method provided by the invention can obviously inhibit the attachment growth of shellfish fouling organisms, obviously reduce the death rate of shellfish, greatly reduce the shellfish cleaning and cage changing frequency, and greatly reduce the cost of manpower and material resources, thereby improving the economic benefit of shellfish culture.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) the method of the invention basically has no residue, does not contain heavy metal compounds, is safe and nontoxic, and can not cause environmental pollution, the main component of the paraffin is straight-chain paraffin and does not contain toxic components, the insect-expelling plant Chinese herbal medicine extract is safe and nontoxic, can be easily decomposed in water environment, can not cause water body environmental pollution and can not generate the enrichment phenomenon of organisms, in addition, the spraying liquid amount on the shell is very little, and most of the spraying liquid on the shell is not easy to drop in the seawater environment, and the spraying liquid which is not dropped can be cleaned together when cleaning fouling organisms;
(2) in the method, the paraffin is insoluble in water, a protective layer can be formed on the surface of the shellfish, fouling organisms are not easy to attach due to smooth surface, and on the other hand, the odor emitted by the paraffin and the odor of the insect-repellent Chinese herbal medicines can effectively drive the fouling organisms to attach within a certain time;
(3) the method can effectively reduce the death rate of the shellfish, has obvious effect of delaying the attachment of fouling organisms, can obviously reduce the weight of the fouling organisms of the shellfish, lightens the burden of the shellfish and improves the growth speed of the shellfish;
(4) the method has the advantages of simple operation, low requirement on the operating environment, large popularization and application potential, good prospect for preventing and controlling the attachment of various cultured shellfish fouling organisms, easily obtained required materials and low cost, remarkably reduces the frequency of removing the shellfish fouling organisms and the shellfish fouling organisms, reduces the labor cost brought by cage cleaning and shellfish cleaning, and improves the economic benefit of shellfish culture.
Detailed Description
The present invention is specifically illustrated in the following examples. These examples are illustrative and are not intended to limit the invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and that such changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Example 1
The method for preventing fouling organisms from attaching to the marine cultured shellfish provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning fouling organisms on the surfaces of pearl shells, dispersing and placing the pearl shells, drying the pearl shells in the shade for 40min until most of dry areas appear on the shells, dividing the pearl shells into 12 groups of 30 pearl shells, and marking each pearl shell to measure the fouling organism attachment amount;
(2) selecting 1000g of lycra section paraffin with the melting point of 58 ℃, adding the lycra section paraffin into a paint spraying kettle, covering a kettle cover, adjusting the temperature of a temperature control box to 80 ℃ until substances in the kettle are completely dissolved, and performing wax spraying treatment on 6 groups of pearl shells. Adjusting the temperature of a paint spraying gun to 80 ℃, adjusting the liquid output of the gun, applying an air compressor to pressurize a paint spraying kettle, pulling a trigger of the paint spraying gun to uniformly spray paraffin on the surface of the dried shell, spraying liquid for 2-4 s 20-40 cm right above one shell, wherein the liquid quality is about 0.2-0.6 g, standing the sprayed shell surface at room temperature for 3min, turning all the shells to the other side and flatly spreading, and spraying the paraffin on the surface of the shells in the same way;
(3) standing the sprayed pearl shells at room temperature for 5min, respectively putting 6 groups of paraffin spraying groups of the sprayed pearl shells and 6 groups of pearl shell comparison groups which are not treated into clean shell cages, wherein each group comprises 1 cage, then putting the shell cages back to a culture area for culture, respectively collecting 1 cage of paraffin spraying group and the comparison group 12 days, 18 days, 24 days, 30 days, 45 days and 60 days after stocking, counting the death rate of the pearl shells, and recording the fouling organism attachment amount of each pearl shell after drying the pearl shells in the air.
Example 2
(1) Purchasing a dried chinaberry seed product in a traditional Chinese medicine market, crushing the dried chinaberry seed product to prepare coarse chinaberry seed powder, weighing 200g of the coarse powder, soaking the coarse powder in 15 times (3L) of 95% ethanol for 1h, heating and refluxing for 2 times, extracting for 2 hours each time, combining 2 times of filtrates, concentrating under reduced pressure, evaporating to dryness at 20-40 ℃ to prepare a fluid extract, and drying at 40-60 ℃ to obtain a dry extract, thus obtaining 21g of the chinaberry seed dry extract.
(2) Cleaning fouling organisms on the surfaces of shells of pearl shells, then dispersing and placing the shells, drying the shells by a fan until most of dry areas (accounting for more than 80% of the total surface area and about 80-90%) appear on the shells, dividing the pearl shells into 6 groups, wherein each group comprises 30 pearl shells, and marking each pearl shell to measure the fouling organism attachment amount;
(3) adding 1000g of No. 58 granular paraffin and 21g of chinaberry fruit dry extract into a paint spraying kettle, covering the kettle cover, adjusting the temperature of a temperature control box to 82 ℃ until substances in the kettle are completely dissolved, and performing liquid spraying treatment on 6 groups of pearl shells. Adjusting the temperature of a paint spraying gun to 82 ℃, adjusting the liquid output of the gun, applying an air compressor to pressurize a paint spraying kettle, pulling a trigger of the paint spraying gun to uniformly spray the paraffin and chinaberry fruit mixed solution on the surface of the dried shell, spraying liquid for 2-4 s 20-40 cm above one shell, wherein the liquid quality is about 0.2-0.6 g, standing the sprayed shell surface at room temperature for 4min, turning all the shells to the other side and flatly spreading, and spraying the paraffin and chinaberry fruit mixed solution on the surface of the shell in the same way;
(4) standing the sprayed pearl oyster at room temperature for 5min, respectively filling 6 groups of sprayed pearl oyster and chinaberry seed spraying components into clean oyster cages, wherein each group contains 1 cage, and then putting the oyster cages back to the culture area for culture. Collecting 1 cage of Melia azedarach spray groups respectively 12 days, 18 days, 24 days, 30 days, 45 days and 60 days after stocking, counting the death rate of the pearl shells, and recording the attachment amount of fouling organisms of each pearl shell after the pearl shells are dried.
Example 3
(1) Purchasing dry Chinese honeylocust products in the Chinese medicinal material market, crushing the dry Chinese honeylocust products to prepare coarse Chinese honeylocust powder, weighing 200g of the coarse powder, soaking the coarse powder in 15 times (3L) of 95% ethanol for 1 hour, and heating and refluxing for 2 times, wherein each time lasts for 2 hours. Mixing the filtrates, concentrating under reduced pressure, evaporating to dry at low temperature to obtain fluid extract, and drying at low temperature to obtain dry extract, to obtain 38g fructus Gleditsiae Abnormalis dry extract;
(2) cleaning fouling organisms on the surfaces of shells of pearl shells, then dispersing and placing the shells, drying the shells by a fan until most of dry areas appear on the shells, dividing the pearl shells into 6 groups of 30 pearl shells, and marking each pearl shell to measure the fouling organism attachment amount;
(3) adding 1000g of No. 58 granular paraffin and 38g of gleditsia sinensis dry extract into a paint spraying kettle, covering a kettle cover, adjusting the temperature of a temperature control box to 85 ℃ until substances in the kettle are completely dissolved, and performing liquid spraying treatment on 6 groups of pearl shells. Adjusting the temperature of the paint spraying gun to 85 ℃, adjusting the liquid output of the gun, applying an air compressor to pressurize the paint spraying kettle, and pulling a trigger of the paint spraying gun to uniformly spray the paraffin and gleditsia sinensis mixed solution on the surface of the dried shell. Spraying liquid 20-40 cm above one shell for 2-4 s, wherein the mass of the liquid is about 0.2-0.6 g, standing the sprayed shell surface at room temperature for 4min, turning all the shells to the other side, flatly spreading, and spraying paraffin and gleditsia sinensis mixed liquor on the surfaces of the shells in the same manner;
(4) standing the sprayed pearl oyster at room temperature for 5min, respectively filling 6 groups of sprayed pearl oyster honey locust spraying components into clean oyster cages, wherein each group contains 1 cage, and then putting the oyster cages back to the culture area for culture. Collecting 1 cage of gleditsia sinensis spraying group respectively 12 days, 18 days, 24 days, 30 days, 45 days and 60 days after stocking, counting the death rate of the pearl shells, and recording the attachment amount of fouling organisms of each pearl shell after the pearl shells are dried.
Example 4 verification of control Effect
According to the above examples 1-3, the mortality of pearl oyster in 12 days, 18 days, 24 days, 30 days, 45 days and 60 days after stocking was compared by chi-square test method, the significant difference level was set to 0.05, and the fouling organism attachment amounts in 12 days, 18 days, 24 days, 30 days, 45 days and 60 days after stocking were compared by one-factor variance analysis method, the significant difference level was set to 0.05, and the statistical analysis was performed by SPSS statics 19 software.
TABLE 1 statistics of the mortality of pearl oyster in 4 experimental groups with different stocking times
Table 1 lists the statistics of the nacre mortality for 4 experimental groups at different stocking times, with different letters representing significant differences (P <0.05) in the results. The results show that the mortality of the pearl oyster 12 days, 18 days and 24 days after stocking does not significantly differ between the control group and the treatment group (paraffin group, chinaberry group and gleditsia sinensis group) (P is more than 0.05); the mortality of the treated group of the pearl oyster 30 days and 45 days after stocking is 10-16.67%, the mortality of the control group is 40-53.33%, the mortality of the treated group is obviously lower than that of the control group (P <0.05), and the mortality difference between the control group and the treated group is not significant (P >0.05) 60 days after stocking.
The results show that the death rate of the sprayed pearl oyster can be effectively reduced after the pearl oyster is stocked for 30-45 days, and the economic loss is reduced, but the effect of the treatment group after 45 days is not obvious.
Table 2 lists the change in fouling organism attachment of pearl oyster in 4 experimental groups at different time periods after stocking, and the data in the results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (n ═ 30), with different letters representing significant differences (P < 0.05). The experimental result shows that the fouling organism attachment amount of the pearl oyster in the treated group (paraffin group, chinaberry group and gleditsia sinensis lam group) is 3.35 +/-1.10 g-4.44 +/-1.63 g, the attachment amount of the control group is 8.53 +/-2.70 g, and the fouling organism attachment amount of the pearl oyster in the treated group is obviously lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The results show that after the spraying treatment, the substances such as paraffin, chinaberry fruit, gleditsia sinensis and the like obviously play a role in inhibiting the attachment of fouling organisms, the attachment amount of the fouling organisms of the pearl shells in the control group continuously and obviously increases before being released for 24 days, the attachment amount of the fouling organisms slowly increases after 24 days to 45 days, but the increase is not obvious, the attachment amount of the fouling organisms of the pearl shells in the experimental group slightly decreases but does not significantly decrease when being released for 60 days compared with that of 45 days, the attachment amount of the fouling organisms of the pearl shells in the experimental group obviously increases when being released for 18 days, but the attachment amount of the fouling organisms of the paraffin group does not significantly change when being released for 18 days to 45 days, and the attachment amount of the fouling organisms of the chinaberry group and the gleditsia sinensis group are maintained below 4.07 +/-1.42. This shows that the treatment group can obviously inhibit the attachment of fouling organisms of the pearl oyster, and can effectively delay the attachment of the fouling organisms within 45 days of stocking. The method for delaying the attachment of fouling organisms of the pearl oyster can effectively reduce the labor and material cost brought by oyster cleaning, cage replacement and the like, can also reduce the death rate of the pearl oyster, reduces the burden of the shellfish and improves the growth speed of the shellfish.
TABLE 2 fouling organism attachment change of pearl oyster in 4 experimental groups in 6 time periods after stocking
Compared with the traditional method that the shellfish must be cleaned once in 15 days, the shellfish generally needs 1-2 years from cultivation to harvest, but only 4-5 months and 8-11 months in one year are troubled by attached organisms, and the shellfish can be prevented and treated by the method in the invention in the period. Moreover, if the effect is not obvious, the method can be repeatedly implemented, the cleaning is generally required 3 times according to the traditional method, only 1 time is required by adopting the method, and the cleaning is easier than the conventional method.
The present invention is illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Other insubstantial modifications and adaptations of the present invention can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for preventing fouling organisms from attaching to marine cultured shellfish is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) extracting insect-expelling Chinese herbal medicine dry extract: selecting Chinese herbal medicines with insect expelling effect, pulverizing, soaking in ethanol, heating under reflux for several times, mixing filtrates, concentrating the filtrate under reduced pressure, evaporating to dry at low temperature to obtain fluid extract, and drying the fluid extract at low temperature to obtain insect expelling Chinese herbal medicine dry extract;
(2) pretreatment of shellfish culture: selecting shellfish, cleaning the surface, and drying in the shade for standby;
(3) spraying treatment of cultured shellfish: selecting a mixture of paraffin and insect-repellent Chinese herbal medicine dry extracts, placing the mixture in a liquid spraying device, adjusting the temperature of the sprayed liquid to be 75-85 ℃ until the mixture of the paraffin and the insect-repellent Chinese herbal medicine dry extracts in the liquid spraying device is completely dissolved, respectively and uniformly spraying mixed liquid of the paraffin and the insect-repellent Chinese herbal medicine dry extracts on the front surface and the rear surface of most of the shellfish which is dried in the shade, and then placing the shellfish in a shellfish cage to breed in a breeding area;
the Chinese herbal medicine with the insect expelling effect in the step (1) is one or more of chinaberry fruit, Chinese honeylocust fruit, red-knees herb, common cnidium fruit, akebia stem and areca nut;
selecting shellfish in the step (2), and drying most shellfish in the shade after cleaning the surface until the dry area accounts for more than 80% of the total area of the shellfish surface;
in the step (3), the paraffin is Lycra slice paraffin or No. 58 granular paraffin with the melting point of 56-60 ℃.
2. The method for preventing attachment of fouling organisms of marine cultured shellfish according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (1), the ethanol accounts for 90-98% by volume, the dosage of the ethanol is 12-18 times of the total mass of the Chinese herbal medicines, the ethanol is heated, refluxed and extracted for 1-3 times, 1-3 hours each time, and is decompressed and concentrated into a fluid extract at 20-40 ℃, and then the fluid extract is dried at 40-60 ℃ to form a dry extract.
3. The method for preventing attachment of fouling organisms of marine cultured shellfish according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (3), the mass part ratio of the paraffin to the insect-expelling Chinese herbal medicine dry extract is 25-50: 1.
4. the method for preventing attachment of fouling organisms of marine cultured shellfish according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (4) the liquid spraying equipment in the step (3) is liquid spraying equipment with a temperature control function.
5. The method for preventing attachment of fouling organisms of marine cultured shellfish according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step (3), the spray equipment is a spray kettle additionally provided with a temperature control mechanism, a heat-preservation conveying pipe is arranged at the top of the spray kettle, a heat-preservation spray gun is installed at the tail end of the heat-preservation conveying pipe, and the spray kettle is further connected with an air compression mechanism for pressurizing liquid in the spray kettle.
6. The method for preventing attachment of fouling organisms of marine cultured shellfish according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (3) when the mixed liquid of paraffin and the insect-expelling Chinese herbal medicine dry extract is uniformly sprayed on the front surface and the rear surface of most of the shellfish which is dried in the shade, respectively spraying liquid for 2-4 s at positions 20-40 cm above the front surface and the rear surface of the shellfish, wherein the liquid spraying amount is 0.2-0.6 g each time.
7. The method for preventing attachment of fouling organisms of marine cultured shellfish according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (3) when the mixed solution of paraffin and the insect-repellent Chinese herbal medicine dry extract is uniformly sprayed on the front and back surfaces of most of the shellfish after being dried in the shade, firstly spraying one surface of the shellfish, then standing for 3-5 min, turning over to the other surface of the shellfish, spraying in the same way, standing for 3-5 min, and placing the sprayed shellfish in a shellfish cage to breed in a breeding area.
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1270616A (en) * | 1997-07-24 | 2000-10-18 | 水产养殖Crc有限公司 | Antifouling of shell fish and aquaculture apparatus |
| CN101117529A (en) * | 2006-08-01 | 2008-02-06 | 天津市振东涂料有限公司 | Low-surface-energy stainproof paint preventing ocean periphyton defilement |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1270616A (en) * | 1997-07-24 | 2000-10-18 | 水产养殖Crc有限公司 | Antifouling of shell fish and aquaculture apparatus |
| CN101117529A (en) * | 2006-08-01 | 2008-02-06 | 天津市振东涂料有限公司 | Low-surface-energy stainproof paint preventing ocean periphyton defilement |
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