CN106916054A - 一种苯酚低浓度水溶液快速连续制备苯二酚的方法 - Google Patents
一种苯酚低浓度水溶液快速连续制备苯二酚的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
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- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A dialuminum;hexamagnesium;carbonate;hexadecahydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O GDVKFRBCXAPAQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 claims abstract description 30
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- XKZQKPRCPNGNFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)O)=C1 XKZQKPRCPNGNFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N adrenaline Chemical compound CNCC(O)C1=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 UCTWMZQNUQWSLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 2
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- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ISRUGXGCCGIOQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Rhoden Chemical compound CNC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1OC(C)C ISRUGXGCCGIOQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NYZRMWCPMJEXKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[Cu].[Zn] Chemical compound [Fe].[Cu].[Zn] NYZRMWCPMJEXKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
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- YBHILYKTIRIUTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N berberine Chemical compound C1=C2CC[N+]3=CC4=C(OC)C(OC)=CC=C4C=C3C2=CC2=C1OCO2 YBHILYKTIRIUTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- OOOYJJANGWVIRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene;phenol Chemical group OC1=CC=CC=C1.ClC1=CC=CC=C1 OOOYJJANGWVIRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium disulfite Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S(=O)S([O-])(=O)=O HRZFUMHJMZEROT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000010262 sodium metabisulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium sulfite Chemical class [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])=O GEHJYWRUCIMESM-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C37/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C37/60—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring by oxidation reactions introducing directly hydroxy groups on a =CH-group belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring with the aid of other oxidants than molecular oxygen or their mixtures with molecular oxygen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/74—Iron group metals
- B01J23/755—Nickel
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/78—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with alkali- or alkaline earth metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/76—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/80—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with metals, oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with zinc, cadmium or mercury
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种苯酚低浓度水溶液快速连续制备苯二酚的方法,属于有机领域,采用铜基四元类纳米水滑石催化剂催化质量百分数为3‑6%的苯酚水溶液制备苯二酚;所述的类水滑石为CuM2+FeAl,其中M2+是Mg2+、Zn2+、Ni2+中的任意一种。该催化剂在参与羟基化反应过程中,体现出良好的转化率和选择性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种苯酚低浓度水溶液快速制备苯二酚的催化反应技术,特别是涉及一种铜基四元类水滑石的设计与制备方法。
背景技术
苯酚羟基化反应的产物邻苯二酚和对苯二酚是重要的精细化工产品。可用于合成克百威(呋喃丹)、残杀威、黄连素和肾上腺素、香兰素、胡椒醛等;还可用于染料、感光材料、电镀材料、特种墨水、助剂等。苯二酚的传统合成方法有很多种,如邻二氯苯碱熔法、邻氯苯酚水解法、双酚A法等,但传统方法存在的问题是设备腐蚀严重、产率低、三废污染严重。苯酚羟基化法是用过氧化氢作为氧化剂,在催化剂的存在下对苯酚氧化生成苯二酚的方法。过氧化氢这种氧化剂因为反应之后的产物为水,被公认为绿色环保氧化剂。反应得到的主要产物为邻苯二酚和对苯二酚,副产物为少量对苯醌及焦油。这种方法原料易得,反应条件温和,副产物少且无污染,一步直接合成,工艺简单、成熟,是最具前景的生产苯二酚的方法。
目前用于苯酚羟基化反应的催化剂包括树脂、杂多酸、碳硅分子筛、金属氧化物和水滑石等。
专利CN105618130A公开了一种金属氧化物负载型分子筛催化剂用于苯酚羟基化反应,虽然该类催化剂选择性好,降低了催化剂对设备的腐蚀,但是合成工艺复杂,成本较高。
专利200810090830.2采用还原剂处理后的Fe2O3作为苯酚羟基化制备苯二酚的催化剂,该类催化剂制备工艺简单,成本低廉,但是影响因素较多,催化性能变化较大。
专利CN103537320B发明提供了一种用于苯酚羟基化的树脂催化剂,虽然提高了树脂与苯酚的相容性,但是催化性能弱且热稳定较差。
专利CN103570503B提供了一种对苯二酚的合成新工艺,工艺流程短,原料低廉,三废少,但是不能连续化生产,且焦油等副产物没有得到有效控制,
制约了其在工业上的应用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是将铜基四元类纳米水滑石催化剂用于低浓度下(苯酚质量百分数在5%左右)苯酚水溶液羟基化反应,该催化剂在参与羟基化反应过程中,体现出良好的转化率和选择性。
本发明进一步的目的是提供一种铜基四元类纳米水滑石催化剂的制备方法。该纳米催化剂成本低,生产工艺简单,活性高、反应结束后易回收。
一种苯酚低浓度水溶液快速连续制备苯二酚的方法,采用铜基四元类纳米水滑石催化剂催化质量百分数为3-6%的苯酚水溶液制备苯二酚;
所述的类水滑石为CuM2+FeAl,其中M2+是Mg2+、Zn2+、Ni2+中的任意一种。
所述的铜基四元类纳米水滑石催化剂,(CuM2+)/(Fe3+Al3+)摩尔比为2-3,Cu/M2+摩尔比0.4。
一种铜基四元类纳米水滑石催化剂,所述的类水滑石CuM2+FeAl(其中M2+可以是Mg2 +、Zn2+、Ni2+中的任意一种)是以二价金属硝酸盐和三价金属硝酸盐为原料合成的。
铜基四元类纳米水滑石催化剂的制备方法如下:
(1)配制NaOH碱溶液,其摩尔浓度为0.2-1mol/L,记为A溶液,(CuM2+)/(Fe3+Al3+)摩尔比为2-3,Cu/M2+摩尔比0.4,Cu(NO3)2·3H2O、M(NO3)2·nH2O、Fe(NO3)3·9H2O、Al(NO3)3·9H2O溶解于去离子水中,在超声条件下处理得到澄清溶液,记为B溶液;其中M2+是Mg2+、Zn2+、Ni2+中的任意一种,n为结晶水个数;
(2)将A溶液和B溶液混合,在N2保护下,pH为9-10,在60℃的油浴中动态晶化6h,然后微波晶化15-20min,温度保持在60℃-75℃,微波功率控制在600W-750W,离心,干燥,得到铜基四元类纳米水滑石催化剂。
一种铜基四元类纳米水滑石催化剂的制备方法,具体步骤为:
a)配制150mL NaOH碱溶液,其摩尔浓度为0.2-1mol/L,记为A溶液。按照(CuM2+)/Fe3+Al3+摩尔比为2-3,Cu/M2+摩尔比0.4,Cu(NO3)2·3H2O、M(NO3)2·nH2O(其中M2+可以是Mg2 +、Zn2+、Ni2+中的任意一种)和Fe(NO3)3·9H2O、Al(NO3)3·9H2O溶解于150mL去离子水中,在超声条件下处理5min得到澄清溶液,记为B溶液。
b)将A溶液和B溶液同时滴入500ml的四口烧瓶中,滴加过程中采用N2保护并伴随机械搅拌,控制体系pH在9-10之间,最终将体系pH值保持在10。
c)在60℃的油浴中动态晶化6h,然后微波晶化15-20min(温度保持在60℃-75℃,微波功率控制在600W-750W),离心,在60℃干燥24h,得到灰黑色粉体,即为铜基四元类纳米水滑石催化剂。
一种苯酚低浓度水溶液快速连续制备苯二酚的方法:
将苯酚,水,铜基催化剂,氧化剂加入反应管长度为10米,内径为100毫米的管式反应器中,所述的氧化剂为质量分数为15%-30%的双氧水,在水溶液中进行苯酚羟基化反应。取反应液用高效液相色谱分析苯酚和苯二酚含量。采用外标法计算出苯酚转化率与苯二酚选择性。
所述的苯酚、水、双氧水、铜基四元类纳米水滑石催化剂的流量分别为12-15kg/h、400kg/h、80-100kg/h、0.5-1.5kg/h。苯酚在水溶液中的质量百分数在3%-6%之间。
所述的苯酚羟基化的反应温度为45℃-55℃;反应时间为15min-20min;苯酚与双氧水的摩尔比为0.6-1.2。
催化剂的活性按以下的公式计算:
有益效果:
迄今,尚没有一种水溶液中低浓度下连续高效催化苯酚羟基化的催化剂的报道。因此,本专利拟采用铜基四元类纳米水滑石为催化剂,其中铜为活性组分,以一步共沉淀法制备纳米铜基水滑石催化剂,并将其用于低浓度苯酚水溶液下连续高效催化苯酚羟基化。本发明中是在水溶液中进行反应,不添加醇或丙酮等增溶剂,并且反应过程中不添加亚硫酸钠等还原剂,大大简化了后续分离提纯工艺,为精细化工中间体的生产提供新材料与新工艺。
本发明考虑通过使用金属硝酸盐与氢氧化钠通过共沉淀与动态微波晶化合成一种铜基四元类纳米水滑石。该催化剂以铜离子为活性中心,诱导自由基的产生,促进了电子的转移,同时纳米态的催化剂使得更多的活性中心暴露出来,故该催化剂对苯酚羟基化制备苯二酚具有较高的催化效率。与树脂、杂多酸、碳硅分子筛等催化剂相比,该催化剂成本低,合成工艺简单,在水溶液中分散性好,重复使用性好,利于回收。大大降低了苯酚羟基化制备苯二酚的成本。
周建成等在专利“用于苯酚羟基化反应的催化剂的制备方法及催化剂的应用”中采用金属氧化物负载MCM-41分子筛催化剂催化苯酚羟基化,反应时间为30-40min,苯二酚的产率为47.86%。张勇等在专利“一种用于苯酚羟基化的树脂催化剂及其制备方法”中采用树脂催化苯酚羟基化,在间歇式反应中苯酚含量高达50%,苯酚转化率31.2,二酚选择性为96%。陈春霞等在研究水滑石催化苯酚羟基化制备苯二酚中,采用甲醇或丙酮为溶剂,并且在反应过程中添加焦亚硫酸钠作为还原剂,苯酚的转化率为27.98%。与上述研究相比,本发明中苯酚羟基化是在管式反应器中进行连续化生产的,苯酚转化率高达72%,二酚选择性为90%以上。整个反应过程中不添加醇或丙酮等增溶剂,不添加亚硫酸钠等还原剂,原料可以回流重复利用,且大大简化了后续分离提纯工艺,为精细化工中间体的生产提供新材料与新工艺。
附图说明
图1显示了制备的铜锌铁铝纳米水滑石的电镜图
具体实施方式
为进一步理解本发明,下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但并不以任何方式限制本发明。
本发明所用的硝酸盐与氢氧化钠购自国药集团化学试剂有限公司。
实施例1
配制150mLNaOH碱溶液,其摩尔浓度为1mol/L,记为A溶液。0.024mol Cu(NO3)2·3H2O、0.036Zn(NO3)2·6H2O和0.005mol Fe(NO3)3·9H2O、0.015mol Al(NO3)3·9H2O溶解于150mL去离子水中,在超声条件下处理5min得到澄清溶液,记为B溶液。将A溶液和B溶液同时滴入500mL的四口烧瓶中,滴加过程中采用N2保护并伴随机械搅拌,控制体系pH在9-10之间,最终将体系pH值保持在10,在60℃的油浴中动态晶化6h,然后微波晶化15min(温度保持在60℃,微波功率控制在700W),离心,在60℃干燥24h,得到灰黑色粉体,即为铜基四元类纳米水滑石催化剂。
在反应管长度为10米,内径为100毫米的管式反应器中进行苯酚羟基化的连续性生产。将苯酚、水、15%双氧水、铜基四元类纳米水滑石催化剂分别以15kg/h、400kg/h、100kg/h、1kg/h的流量进入反应管,调节夹套管内的水温使其维持50℃,保持反应时间15min,连续平稳运行24h,取反应液用高效液相色谱分析,用外标法定量计算苯酚和苯二酚含量。苯酚转化率为66.4%,苯二酚选择性为96.3%。
实施例2
采用实施例1中制得的催化剂,在反应管长度为10米,内径为100毫米的管式反应器中进行苯酚羟基化的连续性生产。将苯酚、水、15%双氧水、铜基四元类纳米水滑石催化剂分别以15kg/h、400kg/h、100kg/h、1kg/h的流量进入反应管,调节夹套管内的水温使其维持45℃,保持反应时间15min,连续平稳运行24h。
实施例3
除以下步骤不同外,其余均与实施例2相同,调节夹套管内的水温使其维持48℃进行苯酚羟基化的连续性生产。
实施例4
除以下步骤不同外,其余均与实施例2相同,调节夹套管内的水温使其维持52℃进行苯酚羟基化的连续性生产。
实施例5
除以下步骤不同外,其余均与实施例2相同,调节夹套管内的水温使其维持55℃进行苯酚羟基化的连续性生产。
实施例6
除以下步骤不同外,其余均与实施例2相同,调节夹套管内的水温使其维持50℃,15%双氧水的流量为150kg/h进行苯酚羟基化的连续性生产。
实施例7
除以下步骤不同外,其余均与实施例2相同,调节夹套管内的水温使其维持50℃,15%双氧水的流量为66.7kg/h进行苯酚羟基化的连续性生产。
实施例8
除以下步骤不同外,其余均与实施例2相同,调节夹套管内的水温使其维持50℃,铜基四元类纳米水滑石催化剂的流量为0.5kg/h进行苯酚羟基化的连续性生产。
实施例9
除以下步骤不同外,其余均与实施例2相同,调节夹套管内的水温使其维持50℃,铜基四元类纳米水滑石催化剂的流量为0.8kg/h进行苯酚羟基化的连续性生产。
实施例10
除以下步骤不同外,其余均与实施例2相同,调节夹套管内的水温使其维持50℃,铜基四元类纳米水滑石催化剂的流量为1.2kg/h进行苯酚羟基化的连续性生产。
实施例11
除以下步骤不同外,其余均与实施例2相同,调节夹套管内的水温使其维持50℃,铜基四元类纳米水滑石催化剂的流量为1.5kg/h进行苯酚羟基化的连续性生产。
表一
Claims (6)
1.一种苯酚低浓度水溶液快速连续制备苯二酚的方法,其特征在于:采用铜基四元类纳米水滑石催化剂催化质量百分数为3-6%的苯酚水溶液制备苯二酚;所述的类水滑石为CuM2+FeAl,其中M2+是Mg2+、Zn2+、Ni2+中的任意一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述的铜基四元类纳米水滑石催化剂,(CuM2+)/(Fe3+Al3+)摩尔比为2-3,Cu/M2+摩尔比0.4。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述的铜基四元类纳米水滑石催化剂的制备方法如下:
(1)配制NaOH碱溶液,其摩尔浓度为0.2-1mol/L,记为A溶液,(CuM2+)/(Fe3+Al3+)摩尔比为2-3,Cu/M2+摩尔比0.4,Cu(NO3)2·3H2O、M(NO3)2·nH2O、Fe(NO3)3·9H2O、Al(NO3)3·9H2O溶解于去离子水中,在超声条件下处理得到澄清溶液,记为B溶液;其中M2+是Mg2+、Zn2+、Ni2+中的任意一种,n为结晶水个数;
(2)将A溶液和B溶液混合,在N2保护下,pH为9-10,在60℃的油浴中动态晶化6h,然后微波晶化15-20min,温度保持在60℃-75℃,微波功率控制在600W-750W,离心,干燥,得到铜基四元类纳米水滑石催化剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:在管式反应器中进行苯酚羟基化的连续性生产,将苯酚、水、双氧水、铜基四元类纳米水滑石催化剂分别以12-15kg/h、400kg/h、80-100kg/h、0.5-1.5kg/h的流量进入反应管,调节夹套管内的水温使其维持在45-55℃,保持反应时间15-20min。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于:所述的管式反应器管长度为10米,内径为100毫米。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于:所述的双氧水为质量分数为15%-30%,苯酚在水溶液中的质量百分数为3%-6%,苯酚与双氧水的摩尔比为0.6-1.2。
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