CN106912449B - Method for raising selenium-rich broiler chickens - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for feeding selenium-rich broiler chickens, which comprises the following steps: feeding newly hatched chicks with selenium-rich corn or selenium-rich rice for 1-3 days, feeding with a selenium-rich feed containing inulin fructan, chitosan and xylooligosaccharide for 10-13 days, feeding with a selenium-rich feed containing Chinese herbal medicine residues, inulin fructan, chitosan and xylooligosaccharide for 20-25 days, feeding adult chickens with a selenium-rich feed containing a microbial agent prepared by mixing bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, rhodopseudomonas palustris, lactobacillus, aspergillus niger and candida utilis, and feeding with garlic water in the whole process. When the microbial intestinal flora is established, the growth of beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract can be promoted, and the propagation of harmful bacteria can be inhibited; by adopting the chicken feeding method, the chicken has high resistance, good growth vigor and good selenium-rich effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a chicken feeding method, in particular to a method for feeding selenium-rich broiler chickens.
Background
Research shows that the intestinal tract of a newly hatched chick is almost sterile, no microorganism is detected in the gastrointestinal tract of the chick on the first day of hatching, and streptococcus faecalis and escherichia coli can be detected in the intestinal tract of the chick after the third day; the microbial flora of the small intestine of the chicken is established within 15 days, the microbial flora of the caeca is established after 30-40 days, the microorganisms of the whole digestive tract of the chicken are not stable within 40 days after the chicken is hatched, the microorganisms of the digestive tract of the chicken are transformed from a single direction to a complex direction along with the growth of the chicken, and each intestinal tract area develops respective microbial flora in the process of chicken maturation. The physiological states of chickens of different ages are different, the feeding requirements of the chickens of different physiological states are different, the feeding management is specifically carried out after stages are clearly divided according to different physiological development states of the chickens, the robust growth of the chickens is facilitated, and the production performance of the chickens is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the technical problems and provides a method for feeding selenium-rich broiler chickens.
The method for feeding the selenium-rich broiler chickens comprises the following steps: feeding newly hatched chicks with selenium-rich corn or selenium-rich rice which is crushed and sieved by a 40-mesh sieve for 1-3 days, feeding with selenium-rich feed containing 0.1-0.5 mass percent of inulin fructan, 0.1-0.5 mass percent of chitosan and 0.1-0.5 mass percent of xylooligosaccharide for 10-13 days, feeding with selenium-rich feed containing 1-3 mass percent of Chinese herbal medicine residues, 0.1-0.5 mass percent of inulin fructan, 0.1-0.5 mass percent of chitosan and 0.1-0.5 mass percent of xylooligosaccharide for 20-25 days, feeding with selenium-rich feed containing 0.01-0.05 mass percent of microbial inoculum to adult chickens, and feeding with garlic water in the whole process;
the microbial agent is prepared from the following components in an effective strain number ratio of 1: 2-5: 1-5: 4-6: 1-4 of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, rhodopseudomonas palustris, lactobacillus, aspergillus niger and candida utilis.
Wherein the selenium-enriched feed containing 0.01-0.05% of microbial agent in percentage by mass also comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 50-60 parts of selenium-rich corn, 20-40 parts of selenium-rich rice, 13-16 parts of wheat, 5-8 parts of soybean meal, 1-8 parts of peanut meal, 1-5 parts of bone meal, 1-5 parts of soybean oligosaccharide, 2-3 parts of Chinese herbal medicines prepared from astragalus root, Chinese pulsatilla root, scutellaria root, rhizoma atractylodis, bitter orange and charred triplet, 2-4 parts of asparagus lettuce, 1-3 parts of garlic, 0.1-0.4 part of selenium-rich yeast, 0.1-0.5 part of selenocysteine, 0.1-0.5 part of selenate lipopolysaccharide, 0.1-0.5 part of selenium triaminate, 0.1-0.5 part of lysine selenium, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin A and 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin C.
The Chinese herbal medicine residues can be three or more than three of Chinese pulsatilla root, epimedium herb, Chinese magnoliavine fruit, astragalus root, baical skullcap root, indigowoad root, Indian buead and heartleaf houttuynia herb, and the Chinese herbal medicine residues can be Chinese pulsatilla root, epimedium herb, Chinese magnoliavine fruit or epimedium herb, Chinese magnoliavine fruit, astragalus root, baical skullcap root or astragalus root, baical skullcap root, indigowoad root, Indian buead, heartleaf houttuynia herb or Chinese pulsatilla root, epimedium herb, Chinese magnoliavine fruit, astragalus root, baical skullcap root, indigowoad root, Indian buead and.
The preparation method of the microbial agent comprises the following steps: weighing 30-35 parts of rice bran, 5-10 parts of vinasse, 5-10 parts of soybean meal, 0.01-0.03 part of sodium selenate, 0.01-0.05 part of sodium selenite, 0.1-2 parts of vegetable protein powder and 0.1-0.5 part of urea according to parts by mass, mixing, crushing, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, and placing in a sterilization pot for sterilization at 121 ℃ for 30-40 min; and cooling the sterilized mixture to normal temperature, adding 1-5% by mass of wort and bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, rhodopseudomonas palustris, lactobacillus, aspergillus niger and candida utilis microbial inoculum, uniformly mixing, and fermenting for 5-10 days at 28-30 ℃ to obtain the microbial inoculum.
Wherein the selenium-rich feed containing inulin fructan with the mass percent of 0.1-0.5%, chitosan with the mass percent of 0.1-0.5% and xylo-oligosaccharide with the mass percent of 0.1-0.5% also comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 20-40 parts of selenium-rich corn, 10-20 parts of selenium-rich rice, 12-16 parts of sweet potato powder, 2-3 parts of potato starch, 0.1-0.3 part of pig bone powder, 0.01-0.1 part of malt selenium, 0.01-0.05 part of vitamin C, 0.01-0.05 part of methionine, 0.01-0.05 part of amylase and 0.01-0.05 part of xylanase.
Wherein the selenium-rich feed containing Chinese herbal medicine residues with the mass percent of 1-3%, inulin fructan with the mass percent of 0.1-0.5%, chitosan with the mass percent of 0.1-0.5% and xylooligosaccharide with the mass percent of 0.1-0.5 also comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 20-35 parts of selenium-enriched rice, 12-24 parts of selenium-enriched corn, 4-8 parts of corn protein powder, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin C, 0.01-0.05 part of lysine, 0.01-0.04 part of methionine and 0.1-0.3 part of fish meal.
The bacillus licheniformis has stronger activities of protease, lipase and amylase, promotes the degradation of nutrients in the feed, is beneficial to the absorption of chickens on the feed, promotes the growth of normal physiological anaerobic bacteria in intestinal tracts, regulates the imbalance of intestinal flora, recovers the intestinal tract function, can generate an anti-active substance, has a unique biological oxygen deprivation action mechanism, and can inhibit the growth and the propagation of pathogenic bacteria.
According to the invention, the bacillus subtilis can rapidly consume free oxygen in the environment to cause intestinal hypoxia, promote the growth of beneficial anaerobic bacteria, generate organic acids such as lactic acid and the like, reduce the pH value of the intestinal tract and indirectly inhibit the growth of other pathogenic bacteria; bacillus subtilis synthesizes enzymes such as alpha-amylase, protease, lipase, cellulase and the like by self, and plays a role together with digestive enzymes in animal bodies in the digestive tract.
In the invention, the Aspergillus niger can produce amylase, acid protease, cellulase, pectinase, glucose oxidase, citric acid, gluconic acid, gallic acid and the like to promote digestion and absorption.
In the invention, the rhodopseudomonas palustris has rich nutrition and high protein content, can adapt to high-concentration organic environment, can decompose organic matters, can decompose the organic matters in intestines and stomach, promotes digestion and absorption, can decompose toxin in the intestines and stomach, and reduces and regulates microcirculation in vivo.
The lactobacillus is advantageous beneficial bacteria in intestinal tracts of human bodies and animals, can prevent the invasion and colonization of pathogenic bacteria to the intestinal tracts, inhibit the pathogenic bacteria, resist infection, maintain the micro-ecological balance of the intestinal tracts, prevent and inhibit the occurrence of tumors, enhance the immunity of organisms, promote digestion, synthesize amino acids and vitamins, reduce cholesterol and inhibit the production of endotoxin.
In the invention, the candida utilis has wide available nitrogen source and high protein content.
The Chinese herbal medicines and the Chinese herbal medicine residues added in the selenium-enriched feed have the following medicinal properties:
the Chinese pulsatilla root is bitter in taste and cold in nature, and has the effects of clearing heat and removing toxicity, cooling blood and stopping dysentery, eliminating dampness and killing insects.
Herba Epimedii is pungent and sweet in flavor, warm in nature, and enters liver and kidney meridians; has the effects of invigorating kidney yang, strengthening tendons and bones, and dispelling pathogenic wind and dampness; can be used for treating sexual impotence, spermatorrhea, tendons and bones flaccidity, rheumatalgia, numbness and contracture; climacteric hypertension.
Schisandra chinensis, sour and sweet in taste, warm in nature, enters lung, heart and kidney meridians, and has the effects of astringing lung, nourishing kidney, promoting fluid production, absorbing sweat and arresting seminal emission.
Astragalus root, radix astragali, sweet in flavor, slightly warm in nature, enters lung, spleen, liver, kidney meridians; has effects of invigorating qi, consolidating superficial resistance, arresting sweating, promoting granulation, inducing diuresis, and relieving swelling.
Scutellaria, bitter in taste and cold in nature; it enters lung, gallbladder, spleen, large intestine and small intestine meridians; clearing heat and drying dampness, purging fire and removing toxicity, stopping bleeding, preventing miscarriage and reducing blood pressure. Can be used for treating chest distress, nausea, damp-heat, dysentery, jaundice, cough due to lung heat, hyperpyrexia, polydipsia, hematemesis, carbuncle, swelling, sore, and threatened abortion.
The isatis root is bitter after slightly sweet in taste and cold in nature, and has the effects of clearing heat and removing toxicity, preventing cold and relieving sore throat; is mainly used for treating diseases such as warm toxicity and macula, crimson and dark tongue, throat ulcer and erysipelas.
Poria, sweet in taste, bland in nature, enters heart, lung and spleen meridians; has effects of eliminating dampness, promoting diuresis, invigorating spleen, regulating stomach function, calming heart, and tranquilizing mind.
Yu xing Cao is pungent in flavor, cold in nature and cool in nature, and enters lung meridian. It has effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, relieving swelling, treating sore, inducing diuresis, removing dampness, clearing away heat, relieving dysentery, invigorating stomach, and resolving food stagnation, and can be used for treating lung abscess, pyocutaneous disease, hemorrhoid hematochezia, and heat accumulation of spleen and stomach due to excess heat, heat toxin, dampness, and disease heat.
Rhizoma Atractylodis, pungent in flavor and bitter in flavor and warm in nature, enters spleen, stomach and liver meridians; has the effects of eliminating dampness, strengthening spleen, dispelling pathogenic wind, dispelling cold, and improving eyesight; can be used for treating abdominal distention, diarrhea, edema, tinea pedis, paralysis 36484m, rheumatalgia, common cold due to wind-cold evil, and night blindness. Dampness affecting the spleen and stomach; lassitude for sleeping; distention and fullness in the abdomen; loss of appetite; vomiting and diarrhea; phlegm-fluid retention; edema due to dampness; dampness of exterior syndrome and exterior syndrome; heavy and painful head and body; arthralgia syndrome with warm nature; aching and painful extremities; flaccidity of the folds.
The bitter orange is bitter in property, pungent and sour in taste and warm in taste, and has the effects of regulating qi, relieving epigastric distention, activating stagnancy and relieving distension; it can be used for treating qi stagnation in chest and hypochondrium, fullness and pain, dyspepsia, phlegm retention, gastroptosis, proctoptosis, and prolapse of male and female organs.
The charred triplet, namely charred malt, charred hawthorn and charred medicated leaven, has the functions of removing food stagnation and resolving stagnation when combined.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. in the feeding method adopted by the invention, the newly hatched chicks are one to three days old, the digestion function is weaker, the microbial flora is not established in the intestinal tract, and the feed with smaller supplement fineness can meet the nutritional requirements of the chicks at this stage; in the stage of 4-16 d of chicken age, a microbial flora is established in the small intestine, and selenium-enriched feed containing inulin fructan, chitosan and xylo-oligosaccharide is fed in the stage, wherein the inulin fructan and xylo-oligosaccharide are not digested and absorbed in the small intestine and can be supplied to bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the small intestine for fermentation, the chitosan has a film-forming property, can inhibit bacteria and mildew, and strengthens the immune function of an organism, and the inulin fructan, chitosan and xylo-oligosaccharide are mutually matched to promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli in the small intestine; in the stage that the chicken ages for 17-42 days, microbial floras are established in the caecum, the selenium-enriched feed is fed in the caecum, the Chinese herbal medicine dregs contain rich insoluble fibers, and are fermented and swelled in the caecum by using microorganisms, and meanwhile, the Chinese herbal medicine dregs also contain rich Chinese herbal medicine bioactive substances, so that the establishment of the microbial floras in the caecum and the dynamic balance of the microbial floras in the caecum can be helped; after the intestinal microbial flora of the chicken is basically established, the chicken is fed by selenium-rich feed containing microbial agents, so that the growth of harmful bacteria is inhibited, the reproduction of beneficial bacteria is promoted, the dynamic balance of the microbial flora in the intestinal tract is further regulated, and the digestion and absorption of the chicken are promoted;
2. according to the microbial agent adopted by the invention, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis and aspergillus niger can ferment and secrete rich protease, amylase, lipase, cellulase and the like, so that the digestion and absorption of intestines and stomach can be promoted to feed; the rhodopseudomonas palustris and the candida utilis can provide rich protein, decompose organic matters and toxins in intestines and stomach and promote digestion and absorption, the lactobacillus is beneficial bacteria in intestinal tracts, and can promote digestion and absorption of the intestines and stomach, inhibit propagation of harmful bacteria, reduce generation of toxins, provide rich nutrient substances and promote propagation of the beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tracts by being matched with the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis, the aspergillus niger, the rhodopseudomonas palustris and the candida utilis;
3. the microbial agent is fermented and enriched with organic selenium in preparation, so that the selenium-rich content of the feed is improved; urea and vegetable protein are added in the preparation process, so that the protein content of the microbial agent after fermentation is improved, and the fermentation effect is good;
4. the Chinese herbal medicines adopted in the invention have the effects of clearing away heat and toxic materials, seeping water and promoting diuresis, cooling blood and stopping dysentery, activating stagnancy and relieving flatulence, invigorating stomach and helping digestion, can improve the organism immunity of the chicken, and has the technical effects of enhancing appetite, promoting digestive absorption and having good growth vigor of the chicken;
5. the selenium-rich feed is added to the chickens during the whole growth process, so that the selenium-rich contents of the chickens are high.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
The method for feeding the selenium-rich broiler chickens comprises the following steps:
feeding newly hatched chicks for 3d by adopting selenium-enriched corns which are crushed and sieved by a 40-mesh sieve, feeding 13 selenium-enriched feeds which are prepared by 20 parts by mass of the selenium-enriched corns, 20 parts by mass of the selenium-enriched rice, 12 parts by mass of sweet potato powder, 3 parts by mass of potato starch, 0.1 part by mass of pig bone meal, 0.1 part by mass of malt selenium, 0.01 part by mass of vitamin C, 0.05 part by mass of methionine, 0.01 part by mass of amylase and 0.05 part by mass of xylanase, and further feeding the newly hatched chicks with the selenium-enriched feeds which are prepared by 20 parts by mass of the selenium-enriched rice, 24 parts by mass of the selenium-enriched corns, 4 parts by mass of corn protein powder, 0.5 part by mass of vitamin C, 0.01 part by mass of lysine, 0.04 part by mass of methionine and 0.1 part by mass of wood oligosaccharide, and further prepared by mixing 3 mass percent of Chinese herbal medicine residues which are prepared by mass of Chinese herbal medicines of Chinese pulsatilla, epimedium herb, schisandra chinensis, astragalus, scutellaria baicalensis, isatis root, houttuynia cordata, The chicken feed is characterized in that the chicken feed is fed with selenium-rich feed containing inulin fructan with the mass percent of 0.1%, chitosan with the mass percent of 0.5% and xylo-oligosaccharide with the mass percent of 0.1% for 25 days, and then the chicken feed is fed with selenium-rich feed containing 50 parts of selenium-rich corn, 40 parts of selenium-rich rice, 13 parts of wheat, 8 parts of soybean meal, 1 part of peanut meal, 5 parts of bone meal, 1 part of soybean oligosaccharide, 0.2 parts of astragalus root, 0.3 part of Chinese pulsatilla root, 0.1 part of scutellaria baicalensis, 0.5 part of rhizoma atractylodis, 0.4 part of bitter orange, 0.5 part of charred triplet, 4 parts of asparagus lettuce, 1 part of garlic, 0.4 part of selenium-rich yeast, 0.1 part of selenocysteine, 0.5 part of selenic lipopolysaccharide, 0.1 part of vitamin A, 0.5 part of vitamin C and 0.01% of microbial agent with the mass percent, and the selenium-rich feed is matched with water for feeding the whole process.
The preparation method of the microbial agent comprises the following steps: weighing 35 parts of rice bran, 5 parts of vinasse, 10 parts of soybean meal, 0.01 part of sodium selenate, 0.05 part of sodium selenite, 0.1 part of vegetable protein powder and 0.5 part of urea according to the mass parts, mixing, crushing, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, and placing in a sterilization pot for sterilization at 121 ℃ for 30 min; cooling the sterilized mixture to normal temperature, adding 5% by mass of wort and the mixture of the effective strains in a ratio of 1:5: 1: uniformly mixing bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, rhodopseudomonas palustris, lactobacillus, aspergillus niger and candida utilis agents in a ratio of 6:1:4, and fermenting at 30 ℃ for 5 days to obtain the microbial agent.
Example 2
The method for feeding the selenium-rich broiler chickens comprises the following steps:
feeding newly hatched chicks for 1d by adopting selenium-enriched rice which is crushed and sieved by a 40-mesh sieve, feeding 10 parts by mass of selenium-enriched corn, 10 parts by mass of selenium-enriched rice, 16 parts by mass of sweet potato powder, 2 parts by mass of potato starch, 0.3 part by mass of pig bone meal, 0.01 part by mass of malt selenium, 0.05 part by mass of vitamin C, 0.01 part by mass of methionine, 05 parts by mass of amylase and 0.01 part by mass of xylanase, feeding 10 parts by mass of feed which contains 0.5% by mass of inulin fructan, 0.1% by mass of chitosan and 0.5% by mass of xylo-oligosaccharide, feeding the feed which contains 35 parts by mass of selenium-enriched rice, 12 parts by mass of selenium-enriched corn, 8 parts by mass of corn gluten meal, 0.1 part by mass of vitamin C, 0.05 part by mass of lysine, 0.01 part by mass of methionine and 0.3 part by mass of fish meal, and further containing 1% by mass of Chinese herbal medicine residues of inulin which are prepared by mixing of Chinese pulsatilla, epimedium and schisandra chinensis, and 0.1% by mass, The feed is fed with selenium-rich feed containing 0.5 mass percent of chitosan and 0.1 mass percent of xylo-oligosaccharide for 25 days, and then the selenium-rich feed is fed with selenium-rich corn 50 parts, selenium-rich rice 40 parts, wheat 13 parts, soybean meal 8 parts, peanut meal 1 part, bone meal 5 parts, soybean oligosaccharide 1 part, astragalus root 0.7 part, Chinese pulsatilla root 0.3 part, scutellaria root 0.2 part, atractylodes rhizome 0.6 part, bitter orange 0.4 part, charred triplet 0.8 part, asparagus lettuce 2 parts, garlic 3 parts, selenium-rich yeast 0.1 part, selenocysteine 0.5 part, lipopolysaccharide selenate 0.1 part, selenium triaminate 0.5 part, lysine selenium 0.1 part, vitamin A0.5 part, vitamin C0.1 part, and microbial inoculum containing 0.05 mass percent, and the whole process is matched with garlic water for feeding.
The preparation method of the microbial agent comprises the following steps: weighing 30 parts of rice bran, 10 parts of vinasse, 5 parts of soybean meal, 0.03 part of sodium selenate, 0.01 part of sodium selenite, 2 parts of plant protein powder and 0.1 part of urea according to the mass parts, mixing, crushing, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, and placing in a sterilization pot for sterilization for 40min at 121 ℃; cooling the sterilized mixture to normal temperature, adding 1% by mass of wort and 1:2:5 of effective strain number ratio: 4:4:1, and fermenting at 28 ℃ for 10 days to obtain the microbial agent.
Example 3
The method for feeding the selenium-rich broiler chickens comprises the following steps:
feeding newly hatched chicks for 2d by adopting selenium-enriched corns which are crushed and pass through a 40-mesh sieve, feeding 12 selenium-enriched feeds which are prepared by 30 parts by mass of the selenium-enriched corns, 15 parts by mass of the selenium-enriched rice, 15 parts by mass of sweet potato powder, 3 parts by mass of potato starch, 0.2 part by mass of pig bone meal, 0.05 part by mass of malt selenium, 0.02 part by mass of vitamin C, 0.03 part by mass of methionine, 0.04 part by mass of amylase and 0.01 part by mass of xylanase and contain inulin fructan with the mass percentage of 0.3%, chitosan with the mass percentage of 0.4% and xylooligosaccharide with the mass percentage of 0.2%, feeding 12 the newly hatched chicks by adopting the selenium-enriched feeds which are prepared by 30 parts by mass of the selenium-enriched rice, 20 parts by mass of the selenium-enriched corns, 6 parts by mass of corn protein powder, 0.3 part by mass of vitamin C, 0.03 part by mass of lysine, 0.02 part by mass of methionine and containing Chinese herbal medicine residues with the mass percentage of 2% by mass percent of inulin prepared by mass of Chinese pulsatilla root, schisandra chinensis, The selenium-enriched feed containing 0.2 mass percent of chitosan and 0.4 mass percent of xylo-oligosaccharide is fed for 22 days, and then 55 parts by mass of selenium-enriched corn, 30 parts by mass of selenium-enriched rice, 15 parts by mass of wheat, 7 parts by mass of soybean meal, 5 parts by mass of peanut meal, 3 parts by mass of bone meal, 4 parts by mass of soybean oligosaccharide, 0.4 part by mass of astragalus, 0.3 part by mass of Chinese pulsatilla root, 0.4 part by mass of scutellaria baicalensis, 0.3 part by mass of rhizoma atractylodis, 0.7 part by mass of fructus aurantii, 0.2 part by mass of charred triplet, 3 parts by mass of asparagus lettuce, 2 parts by mass of garlic, 0.2 part by mass of selenium-enriched yeast, 0.3 part by mass of selenocysteine, 0.4 part by mass of selenate, 0.3 part by mass of selenium trisulfate, 0.4 part by mass of lysine selenium, 0.2 part by mass of vitamin A, 0.4 part by mass of vitamin C and 0..
The preparation method of the microbial agent comprises the following steps: weighing 32 parts of rice bran, 8 parts of vinasse, 7 parts of soybean meal, 0.02 part of sodium selenate, 0.03 part of sodium selenite, 1 part of vegetable protein powder and 0.2 part of urea according to the parts by mass, mixing, crushing, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, and placing in a sterilization pot for sterilization at 121 ℃ for 35 min; cooling the sterilized mixture to normal temperature, adding 3% by mass of wort and the mixture with the effective strain number ratio of 1:4: 3: 5:3:2, and fermenting at 29 ℃ for 8d after uniformly mixing the bacillus subtilis, the bacillus licheniformis, the rhodopseudomonas palustris, the lactobacillus, the aspergillus niger and the candida utilis to obtain the microbial agent.
Test cases
In order to illustrate the technical effect of the invention, 200 newly hatched chicks are selected and evenly divided into 4 groups, each group comprises 50 chicks, three groups are fed by the feeding method provided by the embodiment 1, the embodiment 2 and the embodiment 3 of the invention, one group is fed according to the common feeding method as a control group, the number of beneficial microorganisms bifidobacterium and lactobacillus in 15d chicken age, 40d chicken age, small intestine and cecum of adult chicken and the number of harmful bacteria escherichia coli and salmonella are respectively detected, 5 slaughters of each group are used for detection during detection, the average value is obtained, the selenium content and the weight of adult chicken blood are detected, the average value is obtained, the number of detected microorganisms in the small intestine is recorded in a table 1, the number of detected microorganisms in the cecum is recorded in a table 2, and the selenium content and the weight of adult chicken blood are recorded in a table 3; the test measures the quantity of intestinal beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacterium and lactobacillus and intestinal harmful bacteria such as escherichia coli and salmonella according to the detection method of GB4789.2-2016, and detects the content of selenium in chicken blood of the grown chicken according to the detection method of GB 5009.93-2010.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
TABLE 3
As can be seen from table 1, when the small intestine microbial flora is established, the breeding of beneficial bacteria is good, and meanwhile, harmful bacteria are effectively inhibited, the beneficial microorganisms in the chicken small intestine continuously grow and the harmful microorganisms are continuously reduced in the breeding process, and compared with a control group, the breeding method provided by the invention can promote the growth and the breeding of beneficial bacteria and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria.
As can be seen from table 2, the microbial flora in cecum of chickens aged 15d is unstable, the microbial flora of chickens aged 40d is stable, and compared with the control group, the cecum of chickens fed by the feeding method provided in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention has good growth and reproduction of bifidobacterium and lactic acid bacteria, the number of beneficial bacteria is in an increasing trend along with the feeding time, and harmful bacteria such as escherichia coli and salmonella are effectively inhibited.
Further, as shown in table 3, the average body weight and the blood selenium content of the adult chickens raised by the raising method provided in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention were higher than those of the conventional raising method, and it was found that the raising method of the present invention can improve the blood selenium content of the chickens and the chickens are good in growth.
The above description is intended to describe in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made within the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The method for feeding the selenium-rich broiler chickens is characterized by comprising the following steps of: feeding newly hatched chicks with selenium-rich corn or selenium-rich rice which is crushed and sieved by a 40-mesh sieve for 1-3 days, feeding with selenium-rich feed containing 0.1-0.5 mass percent of inulin fructan, 0.1-0.5 mass percent of chitosan and 0.1-0.5 mass percent of xylooligosaccharide for 10-13 days, feeding with selenium-rich feed containing 1-3 mass percent of Chinese herbal medicine residues, 0.1-0.5 mass percent of inulin fructan, 0.1-0.5 mass percent of chitosan and 0.1-0.5 mass percent of xylooligosaccharide for 20-25 days, feeding with selenium-rich feed containing 0.01-0.05 mass percent of microbial inoculum to adult chickens, and feeding with garlic water in the whole process;
the microbial agent is prepared by mixing the following effective strains in a ratio of 1: 2-5: 1-5: 4-6: 1-4 of bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, rhodopseudomonas palustris, lactobacillus, aspergillus niger and candida utilis.
2. The feeding method of the selenium-enriched broiler chickens according to claim 1, wherein the selenium-enriched feed containing the microbial agent in a mass percentage of 0.01-0.05% further comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 50-60 parts of selenium-rich corn, 20-40 parts of selenium-rich rice, 13-16 parts of wheat, 5-8 parts of soybean meal, 1-8 parts of peanut meal, 1-5 parts of bone meal, 1-5 parts of soybean oligosaccharide, 2-3 parts of Chinese herbal medicines prepared from astragalus root, Chinese pulsatilla root, scutellaria root, rhizoma atractylodis, bitter orange and charred triplet, 2-4 parts of asparagus lettuce, 1-3 parts of garlic, 0.1-0.4 part of selenium-rich yeast, 0.1-0.5 part of selenocysteine, 0.1-0.5 part of selenate lipopolysaccharide, 0.1-0.5 part of selenium triaminate, 0.1-0.5 part of lysine selenium, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin A and 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin C.
3. The feeding method of selenium-rich broiler chickens according to claim 1, wherein the Chinese herbal medicine residues are three or more of Chinese pulsatilla root, epimedium herb, Chinese magnoliavine fruit, astragalus root, baical skullcap root, indigowoad root, Indian buead and heartleaf houttuynia herb.
4. The feeding method of the selenium-enriched broiler chickens according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the microbial agent is as follows: weighing 30-35 parts of rice bran, 5-10 parts of vinasse, 5-10 parts of soybean meal, 0.01-0.03 part of sodium selenate, 0.01-0.05 part of sodium selenite, 0.1-2 parts of vegetable protein powder and 0.1-0.5 part of urea according to parts by mass, mixing, crushing, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, and placing in a sterilization pot for sterilization at 121 ℃ for 30-40 min; and cooling the sterilized mixture to normal temperature, adding 1-5% by mass of wort and bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, rhodopseudomonas palustris, lactobacillus, aspergillus niger and candida utilis microbial inoculum, uniformly mixing, and fermenting for 5-10 days at 28-30 ℃ to obtain the microbial inoculum.
5. The feeding method of the selenium-rich broiler chickens according to claim 1, wherein the selenium-rich feed containing inulin fructan 0.1-0.5% by mass, chitosan 0.1-0.5% by mass, xylooligosaccharide 0.1-0.5% by mass further comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 20-40 parts of selenium-rich corn, 10-20 parts of selenium-rich rice, 12-16 parts of sweet potato powder, 2-3 parts of potato starch, 0.1-0.3 part of pig bone powder, 0.01-0.1 part of malt selenium, 0.01-0.05 part of vitamin C, 0.01-0.05 part of methionine, 0.01-0.05 part of amylase and 0.01-0.05 part of xylanase.
6. The feeding method of the selenium-rich broiler chickens according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the selenium-rich feed containing 1-3% by mass of Chinese herbal medicine residues, 0.1-0.5% by mass of inulin fructan, 0.1-0.5% by mass of chitosan, and 0.1-0.5% by mass of xylooligosaccharide further comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 20-35 parts of selenium-enriched rice, 12-24 parts of selenium-enriched corn, 4-8 parts of corn protein powder, 0.1-0.5 part of vitamin C, 0.01-0.05 part of lysine, 0.01-0.04 part of methionine and 0.1-0.3 part of fish meal.
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