CN106912417B

CN106912417B - Industrial breeding method for Munseng sempervirens

Info

Publication number: CN106912417B
Application number: CN201510997612.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张志怀; 余建平
Original assignee: Hainan Wanfang Breeding Co ltd; Institute of Oceanology of CAS
Current assignee: Hainan Wanfang Breeding Co ltd; Institute of Oceanology of CAS
Priority date: 2015-12-25
Filing date: 2015-12-25
Publication date: 2020-03-10
Anticipated expiration: 2035-12-25
Also published as: CN106912417A

Abstract

The invention relates to protection and effective development and utilization of high-value marine economic species endangered in south China sea, belongs to the technical field of echinoderm culture in agricultural aquaculture, and particularly relates to an industrial culture method of pangolin white ginseng. Culturing the Stichopus japonicus in a culture pond with culture substrate at a feeding density of 1000-1200 strips/pond, wherein the DO value is 4-6 ppm during the culture process, feeding bait for 1 time every 2-4 days, changing water amount of the pond daily to 25%, and discharging water for harvesting when the Stichopus japonicus specification reaches 500 g/strip; wherein the bait feeding amount is added according to 3-5% of the weight of the sea cucumbers in the pond. The invention relates to a method for efficiently cultivating the white sea cucumber of the snakegourd under the condition of artificial control, which is used for protecting and effectively developing and utilizing the endangered high-value marine economic species in the south China sea.

Description

Industrial breeding method for Munseng sempervirens

Technical Field

The invention relates to protection and effective development and utilization of high-value marine economic species endangered in south China sea, belongs to the technical field of echinoderm culture in agricultural aquaculture, and particularly relates to an industrial culture method of pangolin white ginseng.

Background

Leptospira angustifolia belongs to Echinodermata, class Holothuridae, order tenodactylata, family Holothuridae, genus Neptospira (Liao Lin, 1997). The sea cucumber is commonly called 'white sea cucumber' and 'white milk ginseng' in the Hainan area.

The morphological characteristics are as follows: generally, the body is 30-50cm long, the back is dark gray or gray with yellow, there are many significant snakelike spots, each spot has a lighter surrounding color, a black circle inside, a yellow circle inside, a black dot in the center, and small warts extending from the dot are also often arranged in irregular longitudinal rows. The mouth is deviated from the ventral surface, and 20 tentacles are provided. The ventral surface is flat, light grey brown, and dense and numerous irregularly arranged tube feet. The back surface skin bone slice is mainly in a pattern shape with different complexity; the ventral-surface subcutaneous bone slice is egg-shaped granule and grape-shaped pattern.

Ecological distribution: inhabit in tropical coral reef or lagoon, and the coral reef sand bottom with algae growing in the water depth of 6-18 m. The method is distributed around the Hainan island and north gulf, Xisha islands, Nansha islands and other islands in China.

At present, the research on the drug use of the ampelopsis grossedentata is considered as follows:

the chemical components of the compound are total triterpenoid glycosides (triterpenoid glycosides), sea cucumber-9- (11) -alkene-3 β,12 α -diol [ holost-9- (11) -ene-3 α 1,12 α -diol ] and sea cucumber-9 (11) -alkene-3 α -alcohol [ holost-9(11) -en-3 α -ol ], marine glycoside (marine glycoside), saponin (saponin), lanolin-9 (11) -alkene-3 898-alcohol [ lanost-9(11) -en-3 β -ol ], 4 α,14 α 3-dimethyl-5 α -5-9 (11) -alkene-3 β -alcohol [4 α, 14-dimethyl-5-cholest-9 (11) -cholest-3-59648-ol ], sea cucumber-9-methyl alcohol [ 2- α -cholesterol-3-5969 (9), and sea cucumber-9 (11) -2-cholest-3-diol ] obtained by Smith degradation method, sea cucumber-9 (11) -ene-3-diol [ holost-9- (11) -2-ene-3- α -diol ], sea cucumber-2-cholesterol-3-2-cholesterol-3- α -diol, and sea cucumber-9 (2-cholesterol-3-2-cholesterol-3-2- α -cholesterol.

The pharmacological action is as follows: in vitro tests show that the panaxoside has strong antifungal effect on Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis (Candida tropicalis), Candida utilis (C.utilis), Candida krusei (C.krusei) and the like when the panaxoside is 3-100 mu g/ml. Holothurin A separated from white-rooted salvia (Bohadschia graeffei) can completely inhibit the proliferation of yeast in vitro, and can obviously inhibit tumor cells in large dose.

The large and fat body of the white ginseng with snake eyes has the length of more than 50cm, and the wall thickness is thick and soft. The authors seen in 2007 a single pansy having a body weight of 4500 kg in a country in south China, Mexico harbor Wanfang. After being simply cooked, the sea cucumber has soft, tender and smooth mouthfeel, flat and mild taste, fresh and fragrant flavor and similar edible value to that of the stichopus japonicus. Historically, the seafood in China is a seafood treasure in Shanghai and Hainan, and is more popular with the food families in Hongkong and Australia. In 1984, the American President Rieger brought to China, and the Humata Bidens Makino went for Rieger as a state-banquet dish. The price of the current fresh trepang with the white trepang eyes is more than 100 yuan per jin, which is higher than the price of 80 yuan per jin of the current mountain east stichopus japonicus, and the method has wide market range, high market demand level and good research, development and popularization values.

At present, the aphanidermia serpentis is caught in shallow sea diving, and no reports of artificial seedling and cultivation exist, so that the aphanidermia serpentis is not an economic variety with industrial scale. The authors begin research work of collecting, culturing, artificially culturing and breeding the ginseng of the cnidium amansii from the wanfang company in the county of high, near the south of the hai, in 2005, more than 20 ten thousand ginseng seedlings are continuously bred in 2007 and 2008, and the ginseng seedlings are cultured to 5cm and put into the bottom sowing sea area managed by the wanfang company, and the growth is good at present and generally reaches the 200 g/grain specification. Necessary basic preparation is provided for cultivating the shizandra dry sea cucumber into an economic variety with south sea characteristics.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an industrial breeding method of the aphanidermia zerumbet.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention comprises the following steps:

an industrial culture method of the delavay ampelopsis root comprises the following steps: culturing the holothurian leuconya in a culture pond with a culture substrate at a feeding density of 1000-1200 strips/pond, wherein the DO value is 4-6 ppm in the culture process, feeding bait for 1 time every 2-4 days, enabling the daily water change amount of the pond to reach 25% of the volume of the pond, and discharging water for harvesting when the specification of the holothurian reaches 500 g/strip; wherein the bait feeding amount is added according to 3-5% of the weight of the sea cucumbers in the pond.

The culture substrate is arranged at the bottom of the culture pond and comprises a coarse sand and crushed coral mixture layer, a four-leg cement brick layer and a plastic cage from bottom to top; wherein, the coarse sand and the broken coral in the mixture layer of the coarse sand and the broken coral are mixed according to the weight ratio of 1: 1.

Two ends of the end position of the culture pond are respectively provided with a water level adjustable drain pipe and a water inlet pipe, the bottom of the culture pond is provided with a hose inflation head, and the distribution density of the inflation head at the bottom of the culture pond is 0.5-1 per square meter; the water storage depth in the culture pond is 1-1.5 m, and the water storage volume accounts for 1/2-4/5 of the volume of the culture pond.

The bait comprises 65-70 wt% of base material, 8-10 wt% of dried eucheuma powder, 5-8 wt% of sargassum powder, 10-15 wt% of shell powder and 2-5 wt% of dried oyster meat powder; wherein the base material is sun-dried floating bottom sea mud which is not polluted on the seabed.

And the pond is drained every 10 to 15 days and is flushed once.

The invention has the advantages that:

the invention relates to a method for efficiently cultivating the white ginseng of snakegourd under the condition of artificial control, which is used for protecting and effectively developing and utilizing high-value marine economic species endangered in south China sea. The method specifically comprises the following steps:

1. the invention provides an integral artificial breeding method for the tropical ginseng seed-the delavay stephania root without artificial breeding records;

2. the technical scheme of the invention is not only suitable for artificial breeding of the finished product of the holothurian leucotrichia of the zanthoxylum micranthum, but also suitable for the storage culture of the holothurian leucotrichia of the zanthoxylum micranthum and the culture of the holothurian at the later growth stage;

3. the technical scheme of the invention is suitable for industrial and high-density cultivation of the delavay ampelopsis root.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further illustrated in detail by the following examples. But the invention is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can make simple substitutions and changes within the scope of the claims.

The invention sets the basic facility conditions of industrial culture, the basic density of culture, the basic environmental requirements needed in the culture process, the basic components and feeding methods of the needed baits and the management method in the culture process aiming at the tropical sea cucumber species without the artificial culture record, and establishes the whole technical link of the industrial culture of the holothurian.

Example 1

1. Determination of breed

The cultured variety is in the genus of Onchidium of the family of Holothuroidea, and has elliptic body and no thorns on the body surface of adult. The marine culture medium is distributed in tropical sea areas, and is mainly distributed in south sea areas in China. Living in the coral reef sea area, there are a few sand bottoms of seaweeds. Preference for high temperature and no sleep in summer. The length is 400-500mm, the width is 100mm, and the weight is 400 g. Is a new economic breed of high-value echinoderm cultivated in south China sea.

2. Construction of culture pond

The rectangular cement pool with the specification of 7m multiplied by 3m multiplied by 1.8m can store water with the depth of 1.5m, and is provided with a hose inflation head with the distribution density of 0.5 per square meter; a water level adjustable drain pipe with the diameter of 18.8cm is arranged at the end position of the pool; two water inlet pipes with the diameter of 4.7cm are arranged at the other end of the pool. A double-layer sunshade net is arranged on the culture pond at a position 1.8m away from the top of the pond.

3. Culture pond base construction

The method comprises the steps of paving a mixture of coarse sand and crushed coral with the mass ratio of 1:1 and the thickness of 15cm at the bottom of a pool, covering four cement bricks with the thickness of 0.5m multiplied by 0.5m on the bottom of the layer, wherein the heights of the brick feet are 20cm, and stacking 3-5 layers of plastic cages with openings on four sides of 40cm multiplied by 32cm multiplied by 12cm on the cement bricks to serve as culture substrates.

4. Fry throwing in

Selecting offspring seeds with the specification of more than 2cm, placing the offspring seeds in the palm of the hand, quickly turning the offspring seeds, automatically climbing the offspring seeds away, enabling the offspring seeds to have a brownish yellow body and no damage to the body surface, and putting the offspring seeds in a pond with the putting density of 1000 seeds.

5. Environmental control

Connecting a plastic pipeline by a Rotz blower, connecting air stones to the pond by a hose with the diameter of 0.2cm, uniformly putting the air stones at the bottom of the pond, and keeping the DO value not lower than 4 ppm; and a water inlet and drainage system is always opened, so that the daily water change amount of the pond reaches 25 percent.

6. Bait making

The method comprises the steps of drying floating bottom sea mud which is not polluted on the seabed, taking the dried floating bottom sea mud as a base material, adding 8% of eucheuma dry powder, 5% of gulfweed powder, 10% of shell powder, 2% of oyster dry meat powder and self-made bait, feeding the sea cucumbers in the pond for 1 time every 3 days according to the daily feeding amount of 3-5% of the weight of the sea cucumbers in the pond.

7. Management and harvesting

Observing and recording the activity conditions of the sea cucumbers, including the change of body length, the ingestion condition, the condition of disease and enemy, the quantity change and the like, 1 time every 3 days, and well recording related data. And (4) discharging water into the pond every 15 days, flushing the pond once, and reclassifying the sea cucumbers according to specifications and feeding the sea cucumbers in groups. And when the specification of the sea cucumbers reaches 500 g/strip, draining water and harvesting.

Example 2

An example of an industrial breeding method of the delavay ampelopsis root comprises the following steps:

1. determination of breed

2. The plant is located the coastal of the high-side county in Hainan province, 100 cement ponds are used for cultivation, and the plant has complete guarantee conditions of water, electricity and gas.

3. Culture pond

The cement pool is a rectangular cement pool with the specification of 7m multiplied by 3m multiplied by 1.8m, the water storage depth is 1.5m, and a hose inflation head is configured, wherein the distribution density is 0.5 per square meter; a water level adjustable drain pipe with the diameter of 18.8cm is arranged at the end position of the pool; two water inlet pipes with the diameter of 4.7cm are arranged at the other end of the pool. A double-layer sunshade net is arranged on the culture pond at a position 1.8m away from the top of the pond.

4. Culture pond base construction

The method comprises the steps of paving a mixture of coarse sand and crushed coral with the mass ratio of 1:1 and the thickness of 15cm at the bottom of a pool, covering four cement bricks with the thickness of 0.5m multiplied by 0.5m on the bottom of the layer, wherein the heights of the brick feet are 20cm, and then stacking 3 layers of plastic cages with openings on four sides of 40cm multiplied by 32cm multiplied by 12cm on the cement bricks to serve as culture substrates.

5. Fry throwing in

The seed density of the Stichopus japonicus selenka is 1200 strips/pond, and the seed with specification of more than 2cm is placed in palm to rapidly turn over and climb away, with brown and yellow body and no damage to body surface.

5. Environmental control

6. Bait making

The method comprises the steps of drying floating bottom sea mud which is not polluted on the seabed in the sun, taking the dried floating bottom sea mud as a base material, adding 10% of Eucheuma Gelatinosum dry powder, 8% of gulfweed powder, 10% of shell powder and 4% of oyster dry meat powder into the base material, self-making bait, feeding the bait for 1 time every 3 days according to the daily feeding amount of 3-5% of the sea cucumber in the pond.

7. Management and harvesting

Observing and recording the activity conditions of the sea cucumbers, including the change of body length, the ingestion condition, the condition of disease and enemy, the quantity change and the like, 1 time every 3 days, and recording related data. And (4) discharging water into the pond every 15 days, flushing the pond once, and reclassifying the sea cucumbers according to specifications and feeding the sea cucumbers in groups. When the specification of the sea cucumbers reaches 650g per strip, discharging water and harvesting. The average yield reaches 277 jin/pool.

Claims

1. An industrial culture method of the delavay ampelopsis root is characterized in that: culturing the Stichopus japonicus in a culture pond with culture substrate at a feeding density of 1000-1200 strips/pond, wherein the DO value is 4-6 ppm during the culture process, feeding bait for 1 time every 2-4 days, changing water amount of the pond daily to 25%, and discharging water for harvesting when the Stichopus japonicus specification reaches 500 g/strip; wherein the bait feeding amount is added according to 3-5% of the weight of the sea cucumbers in the pond;

2. The industrial aquaculture method for the holothurian leucotrichia of the snake eye according to the claim 1, which is characterized in that: two ends of the end position of the culture pond are respectively provided with a water level adjustable drain pipe and a water inlet pipe, the bottom of the culture pond is provided with a hose inflation head, and the distribution density of the inflation head at the bottom of the culture pond is 0.5-1 per square meter; the water storage depth in the culture pond is 1-1.5 m, and the water storage volume accounts for 1/2-4/5 of the volume of the culture pond.

3. The industrial aquaculture method for the holothurian leucotrichia of the snake eye according to the claim 1, which is characterized in that: the bait comprises 65-70 wt% of base material, 8-10 wt% of dried eucheuma powder, 5-8 wt% of sargassum powder, 10-15 wt% of shell powder and 2-5 wt% of dried oyster meat powder; wherein the base material is sun-dried floating bottom sea mud which is not polluted on the seabed.

4. The industrial aquaculture method for the holothurian leucotrichia of the snake eye according to the claim 1, which is characterized in that: and the pond is drained every 10 to 15 days and is flushed once.