CN106907222A - 控制排气净化系统 - Google Patents
控制排气净化系统 Download PDFInfo
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2006—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
- F01N3/2013—Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
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- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N9/002—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus of filter regeneration, e.g. detection of clogging
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- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/48—Parallel type
- B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
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- F01N2590/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
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- F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
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Abstract
本发明提供一种用于控制包含混合动力驱动单元的机动车辆中的排气净化系统的方法,该混合动力驱动单元包含内燃发动机和电动马达,在该方法中,催化转化器的温度通过电加热装置和排气温度调节,使得由于加热装置的操作,机动车辆的可再充电电池达到一荷电状态,该荷电状态最佳适合于在内燃发动机的运转状态下再充电的目的,其中,由于增加的扭矩,同时提供用于操作催化转化器的在适当高的温度下的排气。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于控制包含混合动力驱动单元的机动车辆中的排气净化系统的方法,其中选择性地用电或通过增加排气温度来使催化转化器达到其工作温度。
背景技术
内燃发动机需要包含一个或多个催化转化器的排气净化系统以便净化由所述内燃发动机产生的排气。例如氧化催化转化器、氮氧化物存储催化转化器、用于选择性催化还原的催化转化器等这样的排气催化转化器,需要特定的工作温度以便有效地运转。然而,当启动内燃发动机时,排气——其温度通常用于达到催化转化器的工作温度——仍然比较冷。
在这种情况下,特别是在包含混合动力驱动单元的机动车辆中,内燃发动机在正常运转期间反复地停止和启动。混合动力车辆通常包含作为驱动元件的内燃发动机和电动机以及燃料箱或油箱,和各自作为能量存储器的可再充电电池。混合动力车辆允许驾驶员所需的动力在内燃发动机和电机之间分配。电机可以用作马达,或用作发电机。此外,通过混合动力驱动单元释放的排放物比在完全由内燃发动机驱动的机动车辆的情况下少。在这种情况下,两个驱动元件可以彼此平行地设置,其中它们可以同时作用于要移动的部件。两个驱动元件也可以彼此串联地设置,其中仅一个驱动元件直接作用于要移动的部件并且另一个驱动元件提供动力,该动力被转换并且供应给直接作用的驱动元件。
用于在启动内燃发动机之后使催化转化器快速达到工作温度的常规解决方案是将催化转化器设置成物理上接近内燃发动机。然而,催化转化器在这种情况下连续暴露于高温下,其结果是催化转化器的使用寿命降低。然而,甚至当将催化转化器设置成物理上接近内燃发动机时,保持升温时间短仍然是一个挑战。另一选项是电加热元件的使用以便加热排气和/或催化转化器。12V系统通常用于操作电加热元件。然而,结果是,动力以及因此加速升温过程的可能性通常是受限制的。
另一选项是通过增加内燃发动机上的负荷来增加排气温度,以便增加内燃发动机的扭矩,这导致排气的较高温度。在该过程中产生的机械能通常通过例如交流发电机这样的发电机转换为电能,并且用于给车辆电池充电,该车辆电池是可以多次再充电的电池。然而,这种策略取决于多少能量可以存储在车辆电池中。在一些电池中,在再充电该电池之前使其放电是必要的。车辆电池在内燃发动机上的低负荷下放电,但这防止排气温度增加以及因此防止达到催化转化器的工作温度。因此目的是在机动车辆中并且在对电池放电和充电的过程中以有效的方式快速达到催化转化器的工作温度。
发明内容
这个目的是通过具有权利要求1的特征的方法来实现。本发明的更多有利的实施例和改进可以从并列且从属的权利要求、附图和示例性实施例得到。
本发明的第一方面涉及一种用于控制机动车辆中的排气净化系统的方法,该机动车辆包含内燃发动机、排气道、至少一个排气后处理装置、至少一个可再充电电池以及排气道中的至少一个加热装置,该方法包含以下步骤:
-S1)确定排气后处理装置的温度,
-S2)确定可再充电电池的荷电状态,
-S3)只要可再充电电池的荷电状态高于第一预定的水平就打开电加热装置以便加热排气后处理装置,
-S4)只要可再充电电池的荷电状态低于第二预定的水平就增加内燃发动机的扭矩以便产生电能并且以便增加排气温度,
-S5)当排气后处理装置的温度已经达到预定值时关闭电加热装置。
方法是有利的,因为——由于电加热装置的使用——催化转化器为在内燃发动机运转的开始时或在处于冷态或在重复停止和重新启动期间的内燃发动机运转的开始之后很短的时间内的操作做准备。在这种情况下,可再充电电池有利地放电,以便其可以在内燃发动机的工作模式下在增加的负荷下再充电。由于在增加的负荷下的操作,实现归因于在该过程中有效的高扭矩的较高的排气温度,以便催化转化器达到其工作温度,这由于当其因为电池的荷电状态不能允许这样而不能通过电加热装置加热时的排气的作用。由于在实现用于在内燃发动机的工作模式下在增加的负荷下操作催化转化器的高排气温度的同时可再充电电池正充电,两个目的一起实现,因此有利地实现了快速加热并且有利地节约了燃料,其结果是该方法比常规方法更经济。
可再充电电池的荷电状态的预定的第二水平对应于选定值,可再充电电池的再充电从该选定值开始是有效的。此外,选择预定的第一水平使得其高于可再充电电池的完全放电的水平,以便不损坏所述可再充电电池。荷电状态是可再充电电池的重要特征值,并且在可再充电电池完全充电达100%的情况下通常以百分比值指示。
在根据本发明的方法的优选实施例中,有时同时使用电加热装置和内燃发动机的扭矩的增加,以便达到催化转化器的工作温度。使用该策略可以非常快速地达到催化转化器的工作温度。
当——在根据本发明的方法中——内燃发动机的扭矩增加以便产生电能并且以便当可再充电电池的荷电状态低于第二预定的水平时在打开电加热装置之前增加排气温度时,是进一步优选的。以这种方式有利地避免了可再充电电池的完全放电。
当——在根据本发明的方法中——排气后处理装置是催化转化器时,是进一步优选的。比如氧化催化转化器、三元催化转化器、氮氧化物存储催化转化器或用于选择性催化还原的催化转化器这样的催化转化器,需要特定温度以便起作用,所述温度有时通过该方法有效地提供。
当——在根据本发明的方法中——排气后处理装置是微粒过滤器时,是同样优选的。微粒过滤器特别优选地是柴油微粒过滤器。
在根据本发明的方法的进一步优选的实施例中,机动车辆另外具有电动马达,该电动马达与内燃发动机一起形成机动车辆的混合动力驱动单元。在该实施例中,可再充电电池优选是用于操作电动马达的可再充电电池。方法对电动马达的可再充电电池是有利的,因为所述可再充电电池可以提供比常规机动车辆电池更高量的用于加热加热装置的能量。此外,由于该方法,可以有利地使用内燃发动机在高负荷下的运转,以便给电动马达的可再充电电池充电并且以便加热催化转化器和/或内燃发动机的排气道中的微粒过滤器。根据本发明的方法既可以在串联混合动力驱动单元又可以在并联混合动力驱动单元中实现。
本发明的第二方面涉及用于控制包含混合动力驱动单元的机动车辆中的排气净化系统的装置,该装置包含内燃发动机、电动马达、能量转换器、可再充电电池、催化转化器、电加热装置、用于确定催化转化器的温度的温度传感器、以及用于选择性地控制电加热装置和内燃发动机的扭矩的控制装置。根据本发明的装置的优势在这里对应于根据本发明的方法的那些优势。
本发明的第三方面涉及包含根据本发明的装置的机动车辆。
附图说明
本发明将参考附图进行更详细地解释,在附图中:
图1是根据本发明的装置的实施例的示意图;
图2是根据本发明的包含并联混合动力驱动单元的装置的实施例的示意图;
图3是根据本发明的包含串联混合动力驱动单元的装置的实施例的示意图;
图4是根据本发明的方法的实施例的流程图。
具体实施方式
根据图1的图示的装置1包含内燃发动机2,该内燃发动机2可以是自点火内燃发动机或外部点火内燃发动机。内燃发动机2具有三个汽缸2a,但在可选方案中也可以具有2、4、5、6或8个汽缸。内燃发动机2进一步地连接至用于给机动车辆的第一可再充电电池4充电的发电机3。排气道5连接至内燃发动机2以便排放排气。排气后处理系统6设置在排气道5中。排气后处理系统6至少包含一个催化转化器7,例如氧化催化转化器、微粒过滤器、氮氧化物存储催化转化器和/或用于选择性催化还原的催化转化器。
电加热装置8设置成与排气后处理系统6中的催化转化器7连接。加热装置8也可以可选地在排气道5中设置在催化转化器7的上游,并且也可以在排气后处理系统6的上游,以便加热排气。
至少一个用于测量催化转化器7的和排气的温度的温度传感器9设置在排气后处理系统6中。至少一个另外的温度传感器9在排气道5中设置在排气后处理系统6的上游以用于测量排气温度的目的。传感器9连接至控制装置10。控制装置10进一步地连接至加热装置8、内燃发动机2和用于控制内燃发动机2的参数的装置。
图2说明并联混合动力驱动单元的装置1a,在此情况下,混合动力驱动单元包含除内燃发动机2之外的电动马达11。在这种情况下,内燃发动机2与电动马达11并联设置并且通过变速器12连接至所述电动马达,在此情况下,内燃发动机2和电动马达11两者都提供用于通过传动系统13来驱动相应的机动车辆,机动车辆的车轮14通过该传动系统13驱动。内燃发动机2通过具有作为能量存储器的可再充电电池17的转换器单元16连接至燃料箱15和电动马达11。
图3说明串联混合动力驱动单元的装置1b。在这种装置中,内燃发动机2不具有至传动系统13的机械连接,反而机械地驱动发电机18,该发电机18将机械能转换成电能。充电单元19提供用于给第二可再充电电池17充电的电流。此外,充电单元19为转换器单元16提供电能,该转换器单元16为电动马达提供具有适当参数的电能。电动马达11连接至传动系统13以用于通过车轮14驱动机动车辆的目的。飞轮蓄能器或电容器20设置在装置1中以用于能量回收的目的。
为了尽可能快地使催化转化器7达到其工作温度,在根据图4的用于控制排气净化系统6的方法的实施例中的第一步骤S1中使用温度传感器9来确定催化转化器7的温度或者催化转化器的上游或下游温度。如果催化转化器7的温度低于其工作温度,则必须使其达到其工作温度。为此目的,在第二步骤S2中确定第一可再充电电池4的荷电状态。如果第一可再充电电池4的荷电状态足够高,也就是说,足够高于电加热装置8的操作将不导致第一可再充电电池4的完全放电的最小荷电状态,则在第三步骤S3中打开电加热装置8以便加热催化转化器7。加热装置8保持打开直到催化转化器7的工作温度已经达到并且还不能通过相应高的排气温度来维持。此外,只要第一可再充电电池4的荷电状态足够高,加热装置8就保持操作或重复地用于加热催化转化器7或加热排气。
为了产生电能——并且同时为了增加排气温度——当可再充电电池4的荷电状态低于第二预定的水平时,在第四步骤S4中控制信号通过控制装置10发送至内燃发动机2或至设计成控制内燃发动机2的参数的装置。然后增加内燃发动机2上的负荷以及因此内燃发动机2的扭矩。在这种情况下,用现在由内燃发动机另外产生的电能给可再充电电池4充电。在第五步骤S5中,当排气后处理装置的温度已经达到预定值时关闭电加热装置8。第一可再充电电池4在步骤S5中不用于操作电加热装置8并且在这些条件下充电。
在混合动力车辆中执行的方法的可选实施例中,在步骤S2中确定第二可再充电电池17的荷电状态并且在步骤S3中,给定足够的荷电状态的第二可再充电电池17主要在高负荷下用于操作电加热装置以便在内燃发动机运转的期间在步骤S5中被充电。
在方法的优选实施例中,当内燃发动机2的扭矩增加时,可以打开加热装置8,以便尽可能快地达到催化转化器7的工作温度。
附图标记列表
1 =装置
1a =包含并联混合动力驱动单元的装置
1b =包含串联混合动力驱动单元的装置
2 =内燃发动机
2a =汽缸
3 =发电机
4 =第一可再充电电池
5 =排气道
6 =排气净化系统
7 =催化转化器
8 =电加热装置
9 =温度传感器
10 =控制装置
11 =电动马达
12 =变速器
13 =传动系统
14 =车轮
15 =燃料箱
16 =电流转换器
17 =第二可再充电电池
18 =发电机
19 =充电单元
20 =飞轮蓄能器或电容器
Claims (10)
1.一种用于控制机动车辆中的排气净化系统的方法,所述机动车辆包含内燃发动机、排气道、至少一个排气后处理装置、至少一个可再充电电池以及所述排气道中的至少一个加热装置,所述方法包含以下步骤:
-S 1)确定所述排气后处理装置的温度,
-S2)确定所述可再充电电池的荷电状态,
-S3)当所述可再充电电池的所述荷电状态高于第一预定的水平时打开所述电加热装置以便加热所述排气后处理装置,
-S4)当所述可再充电电池的所述荷电状态低于第二预定的水平时增加所述内燃发动机的扭矩以便产生电能并且以便增加排气温度,
-S5)当所述排气后处理装置的温度已经达到预定值时关闭所述电加热装置。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中有时同时使用所述电加热装置和所述内燃发动机的所述扭矩的增加以便达到所述排气后处理装置的工作温度。
3.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中当所述可再充电电池的所述荷电状态低于所述第一预定的水平时在打开所述电加热装置之前增加所述排气温度。
4.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中所述排气后处理装置是催化转化器。
5.如权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其中另一排气后处理装置是微粒过滤器。
6.如上述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中所述机动车辆另外具有电动马达,所述电动马达与所述内燃发动机一起形成所述机动车辆的混合动力驱动单元。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述可再充电电池是用于操作所述电动马达的可再充电电池。
8.一种用于控制机动车辆中的排气净化系统的装置(1),所述装置(1)包含内燃发动机(2)、发电机(3)、可再充电电池(4)、催化转化器(7)、电加热装置(8)、至少一个用于确定所述催化转化器(7)的温度的温度传感器(9)、以及用于选择性地控制所述电加热装置(8)和所述内燃发动机(2)的所述扭矩的控制装置(10)。
9.如权利要求8所述的装置(1),另外包含电动马达,所述电动马达与所述内燃发动机一起设置在混合动力驱动单元中。
10.一种包含如权利要求8和9中任一项所述的装置的机动车辆。
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