CN102205788B - 用于混合动力车辆的蓄电池充电系统 - Google Patents

用于混合动力车辆的蓄电池充电系统 Download PDF

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CN102205788B
CN102205788B CN201010582663.0A CN201010582663A CN102205788B CN 102205788 B CN102205788 B CN 102205788B CN 201010582663 A CN201010582663 A CN 201010582663A CN 102205788 B CN102205788 B CN 102205788B
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vehicle
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CN102205788A (zh
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迈克尔·波特
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
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    • B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
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    • B60W30/18054—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations at stand still, e.g. engine in idling state
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于混合动力车辆的蓄电池充电系统，为了使混合动力车辆的蓄电池(12)能够在行程开始之前充电，提供一种由使用者操纵的开关(30)，用于在车辆停放时使发动机(20)能够运行发电机(24)来为蓄电池充电。

Description

用于混合动力车辆的蓄电池充电系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种混合动力电动车辆并且尤其涉及一种用于外接充电式混合动力车辆(plug-inhybridvehicle)和增程型电动车辆(rangeextendedelectricvehicle)的蓄电池充电系统。
背景技术
外接充电式混合动力车辆和增程型电动车辆具有为它们的所有者带来可观的燃料成本节约的潜力并且最终可以降低对石油的依赖性。。对于这种车辆(尤其是增程型电动车辆)，可达到的性能与用于提供动力或对传统内燃机进行补充的蓄电池中的电量的可用性有关。一旦电量耗尽，则会降低车辆的性能。对于带有停留间隔的本地短途行程，混合动力车辆的使用者有机会在各行程之间从馈电线或其它外部电源那里为车辆蓄电池充分地充电。对于较长的行程，内燃机被使用或更多地使用，这导致车辆性能变差。
发明内容
本发明一方面所要解决的技术问题在于，提供一种系统，该系统避免在混合动力车辆运行时依赖发动机或避免对发动机的依赖升高。
按本发明的第一方面，提供一种用于混合动力车辆的蓄电池充电系统，其包括一个设置用于为电动机提供能量的蓄电池、一能够驱动发电机来为所述蓄电池提供能量的发动机和一设置用于响应车辆当前的运行状况自动激发发动机的控制器，其中，所述系统还包括一由使用者操纵的、用于激发发动机的开关元件。
上述系统的一个优点在于，它使车辆使用者在恰当情况下能够超越蓄电池充电系统的正常运行进行人工控制。
该系统优选包括一个用于检测蓄电池充电水平状态的传感器，该传感器设置用于在充电水平状态超过预设的水平时停止或防止发动机激发。可选地，该系统包括一个计时器，该计时器用来控制用于激发发动机的开关元件的操纵时间。这种装置防止发动机在不需要时，也就是在已达到预设的充电水平状态时继续运行。
按本发明的第二方面，本发明提供了一种用发动机为混合动力车辆的蓄电池充电的方法，其中，在车辆运行时检测蓄电池的充电状态水平，并且当充电状态水平低于一个预设的阈值时，自动激发所述发动机为蓄电池充电，而当车辆停放时，手动激活一个开关元件来运行所述发动机为所述蓄电池充电。
这种方法的优点是，车辆使用者可以利用车辆未行驶的时间段为下一个行程准备蓄电池。
附图说明
现在仅示例性地参照附图阐述本发明的优选实施形式。在附图中：
图1是按本发明第一种实施形式的、增程型电动车辆的蓄电池充电系统的简图；以及
图2是按本发明第二种实施形式的、混合动力车辆的蓄电池充电系统的简图。
具体实施方式
在本说明书中使用的词语“混合动力车辆”包括所有混合动力电动车辆、外接充电式混合动力车辆(PHEV)和增程型电动车辆(REV)等。混合动力车辆尤其包括所有带内燃机(或其它第二动力源)的车辆，而不管该动力源是否能够直接驱动车辆的驱动轮或其它推进部件，并且该车辆带有一个或多个蓄电池，该蓄电池能够为驱动车轮或其它推进部件的电动机提供能量。
现在参考附图，图1示出用于增程型电动车辆的蓄电池充电系统10。该系统通常安装在轿车或其它道路车辆中。该系统包括蓄电池12，该蓄电池可以通过连接到一个例如馈电线的外部电源14充电。
蓄电池12为电动机16供电，该电动机转而运行驱动传动装置18来驱动车辆的车轮。为了增加该车辆的行程，设置内燃机20。当蓄电池的充电状态水平低于一个预设的阈值时(例如在一个较长的行程中)，该充电状态水平被传感器22检测到，该传感器激发发动机20运行为蓄电池充电的发电机24。
除了传感器22，充电系统10还包括用于激发发动机20的装置30。装置30是一个由使用者操纵的开关元件并且被如下地操纵。
当车辆使用者身处多于一段的行程中时，经常发生的是如果不使用发动机，蓄电池电量不够完成行程中的下一段。因此，在行程中各段之间的间隔时间内，使用者可以操纵开关元件30使发动机20在车辆静止时为蓄电池12充电。当蓄电池被充满时，这种情况被传感器22或另一个传感器32显示出，所述传感器超越所述开关元件30的控制而关闭发动机。
上述装置的一个优点是，使用者避免了车辆性能在行程的下一段中下降。作为替代的是，蓄电池可以在车辆停放时由发动机充电并且在使用者忙于其它事情，例如工作、用餐和观光等时不使用蓄电池。因此，可以在没有用于将蓄电池连接至馈电线的设备的地点运行蓄电池充电系统。
甚至在不够为蓄电池充满电的短时间休息中，也可以进行充分地充电，由此避免或至少降低在行程的下一段中对发动机的依赖。
在一种优选的实施形式中，传感器22检测蓄电池电压来监测充电状态。可选地，可以用化学的、电流整合的或压力的方法确定蓄电池的充电状态。
在一种变型方案中，传感器22通过任意适当的传感装置实现，该传感装置可以包括已经设置在系统中的、用于其它目的的一个或多个传感器。
在另一种变型方案中，装置30包括一个计时器，使用者可以设定该计时器来决定在车辆静止时的充电持续时间。在长时间休息时，可能要求不在休息开始时就进行充电，而是在之后的一个时间段进行；因此，计时器可以包括使得使用者能够设定充电过程的开始时间和/或结束时间的控制装置。
传感器32(或未示出的另一传感器)可以附加地检测燃料水平、发动机冷却剂温度和是否存在故障中的一个或多个量；必要时传感器32超越所述开关元件30的控制而关闭发动机。
可以设置一联锁装置34用于防止在车辆正常使用中发动机被开关元件30意外激发。联锁装置可以设计为如果车辆不是静止的和/或电动机16没有处于关闭状态，则防止元件30激发发动机。
图2示出了一种用于外接充电式混合动力车辆的蓄电池充电系统60，其中，与图1中系统的部件相应的部件具有相同的附图标记。在混合动力车辆系统中，用于驱动轮的驱动传动装置18可以直接由发动机20和电动机16驱动。由使用者操纵的开关元件30可以在车辆停放时被操纵用于激发发动机20来运行发电机24而为蓄电池12充电。也可以设置计时装置、单独的传感器32和/或联锁装置。
附加地，可以在任一种实施形式中设置超越控制装置，该超越控制装置允许使用者即使在车辆仍在行驶时也可以激发发动机20来为蓄电池12充电。这使得使用者能够在较短的停歇之后或在他/她离开车辆时不希望发动机长时间运转的情况下确保蓄电池为随后的行程路段充满电。
尽管一直提到的是车辆的若干个驱动轮，但本发明也包括具有单个驱动轮的车辆，如摩托车。按本发明的系统可以使用在包括越野车辆在内的其它类型的车辆中或火车中。
对于长途行程，为了能在相比正常行程而言较早的阶段为蓄电池充电，上述实施形式中的任一种可以包括一个蓄电池变量传感器和一个比较器，该比较器与传感器输出端连接并且将蓄电池变量的当前值与可调的阈值进行比较，该系统还包括一个蓄电池充电装置，该蓄电池充电装置与比较器输出端连接，并且设置用于在蓄电池变量低于当前设定的阈值时为蓄电池充电。这种系统在本申请人同日提交的名称为“混合动力车辆”的共同未决的申请中公开。该共同未决的申请也公开了一种用于运行混合动力车辆的方法，其中，在正常行程中，当蓄电池变量的值低于一个预设的阈值时，激发车辆的发动机来为蓄电池充电，而在费力的或长途行程中，当所述变量值低于一个更高的阈值时，激发发动机来为蓄电池充电。在此，通过援引该共同未决的申请而将其内容也作为本申请公开内容的一部分。
类似地，尽管提到的是一个蓄电池12，但可以理解为该蓄电池通常由一系列蓄电池组成。
附图标记清单
10蓄电池充电系统
12蓄电池
14外部电源
16电动机
18驱动传动装置
20内燃机
22传感器
24发电机
30开关元件
32传感器
34联锁装置
60蓄电池充电系统

Claims (6)

1.一种用于混合动力车辆的蓄电池充电系统(10、60)，包括一设置用于为电动机(16)提供能量的蓄电池(12)、一能够驱动发电机(24)为所述蓄电池提供能量的发动机(20)和一设置用于响应车辆当前的运行状况自动激发所述发动机的控制器，其中，所述系统还包括一由使用者操纵的、用于激发所述发动机的开关元件(30)，其中，所述系统包括一用于在车辆正常运行中防止所述开关元件(30)促动所述发动机(20)的联锁装置(34)，如果所述电动机(16)没有处于关闭状态和/或所述车辆不是静止的，所述联锁装置(34)防止激发所述发动机(20)。
2.按权利要求1所述的系统，包括一用于检测所述蓄电池(12)的充电状态水平的传感器(22)，该传感器被设置用于在所述充电状态水平超过一预设的水平时停止或防止激发所述发动机(20)。
3.按权利要求1所述的系统，包括一用来控制用于激发所述发动机(20)的所述开关元件(30)的操纵时间的计时器。
4.一种混合动力车辆，其包括按前述权利要求中任一项所述的蓄电池充电系统(10、60)。
5.一种使用发动机(20)为混合动力车辆的蓄电池(12)充电的方法，其中，当车辆行驶时，检测所述蓄电池的充电状态水平，并且当所述充电状态水平低于一预设的阈值时，自动激发所述发动机为所述蓄电池充电，而当所述车辆停放和电动机处于关闭状态时，手动激活一开关元件(30)运行所述发动机为所述蓄电池充电，其中，在车辆停放时，所述发动机(20)运行由使用者决定的一段时间。
6.按权利要求5所述的方法，其中，在所述车辆停放时，当所述蓄电池充电状态水平达到或超过相应的阈值时关闭所述发动机(20)。
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