CN106902788A - 一种重金属吸附剂的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种重金属吸附剂的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106902788A
CN106902788A CN201710208049.XA CN201710208049A CN106902788A CN 106902788 A CN106902788 A CN 106902788A CN 201710208049 A CN201710208049 A CN 201710208049A CN 106902788 A CN106902788 A CN 106902788A
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heavy metal
activated carbon
metal absorbent
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苏少龙
孙彦民
于海斌
王梦迪
李晓云
李世鹏
杨文建
李容军
夏继平
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China National Offshore Oil Corp CNOOC
CNOOC Energy Technology and Services Ltd
CNOOC Tianjin Chemical Research and Design Institute Co Ltd
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CNOOC Energy Technology and Services Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/20Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/283Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2220/00Aspects relating to sorbent materials
    • B01J2220/40Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
    • B01J2220/48Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
    • B01J2220/4806Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being of inorganic character
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2220/00Aspects relating to sorbent materials
    • B01J2220/40Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
    • B01J2220/48Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
    • B01J2220/4812Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being of organic character
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/10Inorganic compounds
    • C02F2101/20Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
    • C02F2101/22Chromium or chromium compounds, e.g. chromates

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种重金属吸附剂的制备方法,该方法是将活性炭浸入含有螯合基团的有机物溶液中,在50~80℃下加入胶黏剂,搅匀、冷却、干燥、粉碎、过筛、洗涤、干燥后制得,其中所述的含有螯合基团的有机物为二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺、亚氨基二乙酸钠。本发明方法制备得到的重金属吸附剂相对于活性炭,该方法对镉、汞、铅离子皆具有较佳的吸附效果。此外,将吸附重金属离子的重金属吸附剂高温加热,能够除去活性炭及含有螯合基团的有机物,即可获得重金属的氧化物。

Description

一种重金属吸附剂的制备方法
技术领域:
本发明涉及一种重金属吸附剂的制备方法。
背景技术:
水中镉、汞、铅离子对人体危害极大。人体摄入过量的铅,会对泌尿系统、神经内分泌、生殖功能、造血系统以及幼儿发育造成严重危害;汞对人体的危害主要表现为损害消化道、肾脏,引起神经性症状,如头痛、肢体麻木;镉的过量摄入,会引起肾功能、生殖功能、心血管功能、骨骼、钙代谢、神经系统、免疫系统异常。
活性炭对于重金属离子的吸附,主要是物理吸附,其吸附效果不佳。巢猛等研究了粉末活性炭对汞、铅、镉等9种重金属离子的吸附去除效果,发现粉末活性炭对于汞离子的吸附效果最佳,对于铅离子和镉离子的去除率却低于5%(巢猛、胡小芳,《粉末活性炭吸附去除汞、铅、镉等9种重金属效果的实验研究》,城镇供水,2011年第3期:70-71)。因此,通过改性活性炭,使之对于多种重金属离子皆具有良好的吸附效果,具有重要意义。
发明内容:
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术存在的上述不足,提供一种重金属吸附剂的制备方法。该重金属吸附剂对镉、汞、铅离子具有较高的去除率,且能够经过高温加热即可获得重金属氧化物。
本发明解决上述技术问题,采用如下技术手段:
一种重金属吸附剂的制备方法,包括:
(1)将活性炭浸入2~3倍质量的10~15wt%的含有螯合基团的有机物溶液中,均匀分散;
(2)将上述混合物加热至50~80℃,按照活性炭质量的0.1~0.2倍加入明胶;保持温度处于50~80℃,搅拌1.5-3h;
(3)将上述混合物在室温下冷却,在80~120℃干燥;粉碎,用5和10目的筛子进行筛分,选取5~10目的吸附剂颗粒;
(4)将上述吸附剂颗粒用去离子水洗涤至pH为7~8后,于80~120℃干燥制得。
在本发明技术方案中,所述的含有螯合基团的有机物为二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺、亚氨基二乙酸钠的一种或多种。
本发明方法制得重金属吸附剂与现有技术相比具有以下优势:本发明重金属吸附剂制备方法简单,制备得到的重金属吸附剂对镉、汞、铅离子具有较高的去除率,且能够经过高温加热即可获得重金属氧化物。
具体实施方式:
下面结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步描述。
实施例1-4方法制备得到的重金属吸附剂的测定方法如下:
取0.5g上述重金属吸附剂于锥形瓶中,加入50mL 20mg/L的重金属离子(Cd2+、Hg2 +、Pb2+)溶液,在室温震荡下,反应2h。
根据《双硫腙接枝聚氨酯泡塑的制备及其吸附水中镉、汞、铅性能与机理研究》(康莹,长安大学硕士论文,2015)测定水中镉、汞、铅离子的浓度,并利用下面公式计算对重金属离子的去除率:
【实施例1】
将10.0g市售活性炭浸入30g溶质质量分数为10%的二乙烯三胺溶液中,均匀分散。将上述混合物加热至60℃,加入2g明胶;保持温度处于60℃,搅拌2h。将其在室温下冷却,在100℃干燥;粉碎,用5和10目的筛子进行筛分,选取5~10目的吸附剂颗粒。用去离子水将上述吸附剂颗粒洗涤至pH为7~8;于100℃干燥。取0.5g上述重金属吸附剂颗粒于锥形瓶中,加入50mL 20mg/L的重金属离子(Cd2+、Hg2+、Pb2+)溶液,在室温震荡下,反应2h。测定吸附后溶液中重金属离子的浓度,得到其对三种重金属离子的吸附率,见下表1。
表1实施例1中重金属吸附剂对三种重金属离子的吸附效果
90.4% 92.1% 92.2%
【实施例2】
将10.0g市售活性炭浸入30g溶质质量分数为10%的三乙烯四胺溶液中,均匀分散。将上述混合物加热至60℃,加入2g明胶;保持温度处于60℃,搅拌2h。将其在室温下冷却,在100℃干燥;粉碎,用5和10目的筛子进行筛分,选取5~10目的吸附剂颗粒。用去离子水将上述吸附剂颗粒洗涤至pH为7~8;于100℃干燥。取0.5g上述重金属吸附剂颗粒于锥形瓶中,加入50mL 20mg/L的重金属离子(Cd2+、Hg2+、Pb2+)溶液,在室温震荡下,反应2h。测定吸附后溶液中重金属离子的浓度,得到其对三种重金属离子的吸附率,见下表2。
表2实施例2中重金属吸附剂对三种重金属离子的吸附效果
92.1% 96.4% 94.4%
【实施例3】
将10.0g市售活性炭浸入30g溶质质量分数为10%的亚氨基二乙酸钠溶液中,均匀分散。将上述混合物加热至60℃,加入2g明胶;保持温度处于60℃,搅拌2h。将其在室温下冷却,在100℃干燥;粉碎,用5和10目的筛子进行筛分,选取5~10目的吸附剂颗粒。用去离子水将上述吸附剂颗粒洗涤至pH为7~8;于100℃干燥。取0.5g上述重金属吸附剂颗粒于锥形瓶中,加入50mL 20mg/L的重金属离子(Cd2+、Hg2+、Pb2+)溶液,在室温震荡下,反应2h。测定吸附后溶液中重金属离子的浓度,得到其对三种重金属离子的吸附率,见下表3。
表3实施例3中重金属吸附剂对三种重金属离子的吸附效果
94.8% 98.5% 98.0%
【对比例】
取0.5g市售活性炭颗粒于锥形瓶中,加入50mL 20mg/L的重金属离子(Cd2+、Hg2+、Pb2+)溶液,在室温震荡下,反应2h。测定吸附后溶液中重金属离子的浓度,得到其对三种重金属离子的吸附率,见下表4。
表4对比例中市售活性炭对三种重金属离子的吸附效果
4.1% 70.8% 3.6%

Claims (2)

1.一种重金属吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将活性炭浸入2~3倍质量的10~15wt%的含有螯合基团的有机物溶液中,均匀分散;
(2)将上述混合物加热至50~80℃,按照活性炭质量的0.1~0.2倍加入明胶;保持温度处于50~80℃,搅拌1.5-3h;
(3)将上述混合物在室温下冷却,在80~120℃干燥;粉碎、筛分,选取5~10目的颗粒;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的颗粒用去离子水洗涤至pH为7~8后,在80~120℃干燥制得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的重金属吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的含有螯合基团的有机物为二乙烯三胺、三乙烯四胺、亚氨基二乙酸钠的一种或多种。
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Cited By (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108043362A (zh) * 2017-12-20 2018-05-18 福建师范大学泉港石化研究院 一种气凝胶型重金属吸附剂及其制备方法
CN108726623A (zh) * 2018-06-06 2018-11-02 大连理工大学 一种基于可重复利用改性多孔陶瓷材料的污水处理方法
CN109513427A (zh) * 2018-11-19 2019-03-26 浙江海洋大学 一种秸秆基铬离子吸附剂的制备方法
CN110117036A (zh) * 2019-04-12 2019-08-13 福建省蓝深环保技术股份有限公司 一种废水处理剂及废水处理方法
CN113072207A (zh) * 2021-03-27 2021-07-06 河南林峰建设集团有限公司 一种城市河道生态治理系统及方法
CN113880182A (zh) * 2021-09-26 2022-01-04 宁波方太厨具有限公司 改性活性炭滤芯的制备方法
CN114275968A (zh) * 2021-12-16 2022-04-05 江苏宿迁润泰环保科技有限公司 一种废水处理系统及废水处理工艺

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CN103143328A (zh) * 2013-03-07 2013-06-12 西安科技大学 一种重金属螯合吸附剂的制备方法
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CN101670274A (zh) * 2009-10-09 2010-03-17 河北工业大学 新型三维有序大孔螯合树脂的制备方法
CN101817887B (zh) * 2010-02-05 2012-03-28 北京欧凯纳斯科技有限公司 一种含螯合基团的壳聚糖及其制备方法和应用
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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108043362A (zh) * 2017-12-20 2018-05-18 福建师范大学泉港石化研究院 一种气凝胶型重金属吸附剂及其制备方法
CN108726623A (zh) * 2018-06-06 2018-11-02 大连理工大学 一种基于可重复利用改性多孔陶瓷材料的污水处理方法
CN109513427A (zh) * 2018-11-19 2019-03-26 浙江海洋大学 一种秸秆基铬离子吸附剂的制备方法
CN110117036A (zh) * 2019-04-12 2019-08-13 福建省蓝深环保技术股份有限公司 一种废水处理剂及废水处理方法
CN113072207A (zh) * 2021-03-27 2021-07-06 河南林峰建设集团有限公司 一种城市河道生态治理系统及方法
CN113072207B (zh) * 2021-03-27 2023-05-26 中设设计集团中原建设工程有限公司 一种城市河道生态治理系统及方法
CN113880182A (zh) * 2021-09-26 2022-01-04 宁波方太厨具有限公司 改性活性炭滤芯的制备方法
CN114275968A (zh) * 2021-12-16 2022-04-05 江苏宿迁润泰环保科技有限公司 一种废水处理系统及废水处理工艺

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