CN106872681A - 丁胺卡那霉素和卡那霉素二合一快速检测酶联免疫试剂盒及其应用 - Google Patents
丁胺卡那霉素和卡那霉素二合一快速检测酶联免疫试剂盒及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了丁胺卡那霉素和卡那霉素二合一快速检测酶联免疫试剂盒,包括酶标板、酶标记抗抗体、丁胺卡那霉素标准品、底物显色液、终止液、洗涤液、丁胺卡那霉素抗体,所述酶标板上包被有丁胺卡那霉素半抗原‑蛋白偶联物。本发明公开的试剂盒可定性、定量检测鸡蛋和鸡肉样本中丁胺卡那霉素、卡那霉素的残留。鸡蛋和鸡肉样本中丁胺卡那霉素和卡那霉素的检测方法,首先处理待测鸡蛋和鸡肉样本,然后用酶联免疫试剂盒进行检测,最后分析检测结果。本发明提供的酶联免疫试剂盒,结构简单、使用方便、携带便利、检测方法高效、准确、简便、适于大批量样品定性、定量的检测。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及酶联免疫检测技术,具体涉及一种丁胺卡那霉素和卡那霉素二合一快速检测酶联免疫试剂盒,其特别适于鸡蛋和鸡肉中丁胺卡那霉素和卡那霉素药物残留的检测。
技术背景
丁胺卡那霉素(Amikin)又名阿米卡星,见图1,是卡那青霉素a的半合成衍生物的硫酸盐。卡那霉素是一种蛋白质生物合成抑制剂,它可以结合于细菌细胞内的核糖体30s亚基,导致mRNA的错读,来抑制细菌蛋白质的合成抑制细菌生长,临床主要用于对庆大霉素,卡那霉素耐药的革兰阴性杆菌如大肠杆菌、变形杆菌和绿脓杆菌引起的各种感染。长期或反复大量摄入丁胺卡那霉素可导致前庭神经和听神经损害,肾脏出现轻度损害,严重者可出现肾功能衰竭。
为了保证人类健康,日本和欧盟等国家和地区制定了卡那霉素的最大残留限量(MRLs)标准:肌肉为100μg/kg、肾脏为2500μg/kg。2002年我国国家质量监督检验检疫局出台的文件中明确限定了卡那霉素在动物源性食品中的最大残留限量:肌肉100μg/kg,肝脏300μg/kg。传统的检测方法有微生物检定法和高效液相色谱法等,这些方法用于鸡蛋或鸡肉样本中的丁胺卡那霉素或卡那霉素检测,前处理繁琐序复杂,测定周期长,甚至需要昂贵的仪器,成本较高,不能满足鸡蛋和鸡肉样品中丁胺卡那霉素和卡那霉素的实时快速检测。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种丁胺卡那霉素和卡那霉素二合一快速检测酶联免疫试剂盒,既可以检测丁胺卡那霉素,同时又可以检测卡那霉素,其包括酶标板、酶标记抗抗体、丁胺卡那霉素标准品、底物显色液、终止液、洗涤液、丁胺卡那霉素抗体,所述酶标板上包被有丁胺卡那霉素-蛋白偶联物。
所述丁胺卡那霉素-蛋白偶联物由丁胺卡那霉素与卵清蛋白通过偶联得到。
所述丁胺卡那霉素抗体为丁胺卡那霉素单克隆抗体或丁胺卡那霉素多克隆抗体。
所述丁胺卡那霉素抗体由丁胺卡那霉素-蛋白偶联物作为免疫原制备得到,所述蛋白为牛血清白蛋白、甲状腺蛋白、卵清蛋白、人血清白蛋白或血蓝蛋白。
所述丁胺卡那霉素标准品溶液的浓度分别为0μg/kg,0.5μg/kg,1.5μg/kg,4.5μg/kg,13.5μg/kg,40.5μg/kg。
所述酶标记抗抗体的标记酶为辣根过氧化物酶,所述显色底物液为显色底物A液和显色底物B液,所述显色底物A液为过氧化脲,显色底物B液为四甲基联苯胺,终止液为2mol/L盐酸。
所述洗涤液为含有0.5-1.5‰Triton X-100和0.5‰Proclin300防腐剂的Tris缓冲液,其中,Tris缓冲液浓度为0.05mol/L,pH为8.0,所述千分比均为体积比。
本发明的另一个目的还提供了一种应用上述丁胺卡那霉素和卡那霉素二合一快速检测酶联免疫试剂盒检测鸡蛋或鸡肉样品中丁胺卡那霉素和卡那霉素残留的方法,其主要包括以下步骤:首先处理待测鸡蛋或鸡肉样品;然后用上述酶联免疫试剂盒进行检测;最后分析检测结果。
本发明丁胺卡那霉素和卡那霉素二合一快速检测酶联免疫试剂盒主要采用间接竞争ELISA方法定性或定量检测样品中丁胺卡那霉素或卡那霉素药物的残留量;对鸡蛋或鸡肉样品的前处理要求不高,样品前处理过程比较简单,能同时快速检测大批量鸡蛋或鸡肉样品。本发明的酶联免疫试剂盒,本身结构简单、使用方便、携带便利、检测方法高效、准确、简便、适于大批量样品定性、定量的检测。本发明的酶联免疫试剂盒可以在丁胺卡那霉素和卡那霉素残留检测中发挥重要作用。
附图说明
图1:丁胺卡那霉素分子式;
图2:丁胺卡那霉素标准品曲线拟合曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体的实施例来进一步阐述本发明。这些实施例仅用于说明本发明,而不用来限制本发明的范围。以下试剂若无特殊说明,均为常规试剂。
实施例1丁胺卡那霉素和卡那霉素二合一快速检测酶联免疫试剂盒
丁胺卡那霉素和卡那霉素二合一快速检测酶联免疫试剂盒,其包括:
1)96孔或48孔酶标板,其上包被丁胺卡那霉素半抗原-卵清蛋白偶联物;
2)酶标记抗抗体,为用辣根过氧化物酶标记的羊抗鼠抗抗体;
3)卡那霉素标准品溶液6瓶,浓度分别为0μg/L,0.5μg/L,1.5μg/L,4.5μg/L,13.5μg/L,40.5μg/L;
4)底物显色液由底物显色A液和底物显色B液组成,底物显色液A液为过氧化脲,底物显色液B液四甲基联苯胺;
5)终止液为2mol/L盐酸;
6)洗涤液为含有0.5-1.5‰Triton X-100和0.5‰Proclin300的Tris缓冲液,其中,Tris缓冲液浓度为0.05mol/L,pH为8.0,千分比为体积比;
7)丁胺卡那霉素单克隆抗体。
实施例2丁胺卡那霉素和卡那霉素二合一快速检测酶联免疫试剂盒主要成分的制备
1、免疫原和包被原合成
1)免疫原的合成
称取BSA 20mg使之充分溶解于3mL 0.05mol/L MES(pH6.0)缓冲液中,然后迅速加入EDC 50mg和NHS50mg,4℃避光,在振荡器中反应12h,得到溶液Ⅰ;称取丁胺卡那霉素标准品50mg,加入1.5mL 0.05mol/L MES(pH6.0)缓冲液中,充分溶解,制成丁胺卡那霉素溶液;向溶液Ⅰ中溶液逐滴加入丁胺卡那霉素溶液,边加边搅拌,避光,在4℃下搅拌过夜;过G-25脱盐柱子1次,将脱盐产物装入到处理好的透析袋中,置于0.1mol/L的PBS透析液中,每4h换用一次透析液,透析2天,透析产物分装于1.5mL的离心管中。
2)包被原合成
称取丁胺卡那霉素标准品40mg,溶于2mL的0.05mol/L PB(pH8.0)缓冲液中,然后加入0.5%戊二醛溶液1mL,4℃,避光搅拌反应2h,得到溶液Ⅰ,备用;然后,配制0.5%OVA溶液5mL,逐滴滴加溶液Ⅰ,边加边搅拌;再向反应溶液中加入约5.0mg硼氢化钠,于4℃避光搅拌反应2h;过G-25脱盐柱子1次,将脱盐产物装入到处理好的透析袋中,置于0.1mol/L的PBS透析液中,每4h换一次透析液,透析2天,透析产物分装于1.5mL的离心管中。
2、单克隆抗体的制备
1)动物免疫
挑选8周龄的Balb/c小鼠,用含有佛氏完全佐剂的丁胺卡那霉素半抗原-牛血清白蛋白偶联物进行皮下注射,免疫剂量为200μg/只,第2,4和8周加强免疫,最后一次免疫在第12周,使其产生多克隆抗体血清。
2)骨髓瘤细胞和脾细胞的制备
SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞采用常规的RPMI-1640培养液培养,使细胞处于对数生长期,制成SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞细胞悬液;取经免疫的小鼠脾脏,破碎,过400目的不锈钢纱布过滤制成脾细胞悬液,计数后备用。
3)细胞融合和单克隆化
将(1-3)×108SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞和4×108脾细胞在PEG6000作用下进行融合,对于分泌抗体培养孔,采用间接竞争ELISA测定以筛选阳性孔。采用有限稀释法对阳性孔进行单克隆化,直到得到分泌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。该抗体对丁胺卡那霉素的检测灵敏度能达到0.5μg/kg。同时,该抗体与卡那霉素的交叉反应率达到80%,所以该抗体可以用于卡那霉素的检测。
4)细胞冻存和复苏
将丁胺卡那霉素的单克隆杂交瘤细胞株成(1-3)×106个/mL的细胞悬液,每个冻存管500μL,先在-4℃放置2h,-20℃放置2h,-50℃放置2h,再保存在液氮中。复苏时取出冻存管,立即放入37℃水浴中速融,转入锥形瓶中,加入10-15mL完全培养液中,使用CO2培养箱进行培养。
5)单克隆抗体的大量生产与纯化
取健康的Balb/c雌鼠,腹腔注入降植烷0.5mL/只,7天后腹腔注射丁胺卡那霉素的单克隆杂交瘤细胞株(2-5)×105个/只,隔天观察,15天后采集腹水。先用辛酸-饱和硫酸铵法进行腹水初步纯化,后采用DEAE-纤维柱子进行离子交换层析。纯化后抗体-20℃保存。
3、羊抗鼠抗抗体制备:是以羊作为免疫动物,以鼠源抗体为免疫原对无病菌体羊进行免疫,得到羊抗鼠抗抗体。
4、酶标记羊抗鼠抗抗体的制备
将羊抗鼠抗抗体与辣根过氧化物物酶(HRP)采用马来酰亚胺基类活泼酯法进行偶联。
1)采用4-(N-马来酰亚胺基甲基)环己烷-1-羧酸琥珀酰亚胺酯(SMCC)活化辣根过氧化物酶,取200μL约5mg/mL的HRP溶液,按SMCC:HRP摩尔投料比(5-7):1加入SMCC,25℃反应1h后,用G25脱盐柱纯化得到溶液Ⅰ。
2)采用二硫苏糖醇(DTT)活化羊抗鼠抗抗体抗抗体,按二硫苏糖醇:羊抗鼠抗抗体为(600-1000):1摩尔比,向羊抗鼠抗抗体抗抗体逐滴加入1mol/L的DTT,25℃反应20min后,用G25脱盐柱纯化得到溶液Ⅱ。
3)将上述溶液Ⅰ和Ⅱ混合,将25℃反应1h,加10μL 1mol/L的2-巯基乙醇,25℃反应20min后,用Superdex 200在AKTA purifier 100上进行分离,洗脱缓冲液为磷酸盐缓冲液,流速为1mL/min收集洗脱液。
传统的过碘酸钠氧化法偶联,辣根过氧化物酶在氧化的作用下会产生许多与抗抗体结合的位点,降低了酶标记物的酶活性,使制备的偶联物中混有许多聚合体,本发明方法制备的偶联物,比传统的过碘酸钠氧化法制备的产物批间差小,稳定性好,保证了产品的质量。
5、酶标板的制备
用0.05mol/L,pH8.0磷酸盐包被液或0.05mol/L pH8.0磷酸盐包被液将丁胺卡那霉素-卵清蛋白稀释成0.05-0.15μg/ml,每孔加入100μl,37℃温育2h或4℃过夜,用洗涤液洗涤2次,拍干,然后再每孔中加入含有0.5%卵清蛋白、3%小牛血清的0.05mol/L,pH7.0的硼酸缓冲液300μL进行封闭,37℃温育2h,倾去孔内液体,干燥后用铝膜真空密封保存。百分比为重量百分比。
实施例3鸡蛋、鸡肉样本中丁胺卡那霉素和卡那霉素的检测
一、样本前处理方法
鸡蛋样本
1)先将蛋清和蛋黄充分搅拌,使其混合均匀;
2)称取1.0±0.05g样本至10mL聚苯乙烯离心管中,分别加入1mL 3%三氯乙酸溶液、1mL三氯甲烷和2mL乙酸乙酯,涡动3min,3000g室温(20-25℃)离心5min;
3)移取400μL上清液至2mL聚苯乙烯离心管中,加入600μL0.05mol/L柠檬酸缓冲液(pH6.0),涡动1min,混匀;取50μL用于分析。
鸡肉样本
1)称取1.0±0.05g均质后鸡肉样本至10mL聚苯乙烯离心管中,加入4ml 0.05mol/L柠檬酸缓冲液(pH6.0),用涡旋仪涡动3min,3000g室温(20-25℃)离心5min;
2)移取100μL上清液至2mL聚苯乙烯离心管中,加入900μL0.05mol/L柠檬酸缓冲液(pH6.0),再加入30μL0.2mol/L氢氧化钠溶液,用涡旋仪涡动1min,混匀,取50μL用于分析。
二、酶联免疫试剂盒检测原理:
向酶标板微孔内加入样品溶液或标准品溶液后,再加入酶标记抗抗体,丁胺卡那霉素抗体工作液,样品中残留的丁胺卡那霉素药物与酶标板上包被的丁胺卡那霉素-卵清蛋白偶联物竞争丁胺卡那霉素抗体,酶标记抗抗体进行放大作用,用底物显色液显色,样品吸光值与丁胺卡那霉素药物的含量呈负相关,与标准曲线比较即可得出样品中丁胺卡那霉素的残留量。根据酶标板上颜色的深浅,与系列浓度的丁胺卡那霉素标准品溶液颜色的比较可判断样品中丁胺卡那霉素残留量的浓度范围。
三、酶联免疫试剂盒检测步骤:
1)取出需要数量的包被有丁胺卡那霉素-卵清蛋白偶联物的酶标板,每个样品和标准品做2孔平行。
2)加入标准品/样品50μL到对应的微孔中,然后加入酶标记羊抗鼠抗抗体50μL/孔,再加入丁胺卡那霉素单克隆抗体工作液50μL/孔,振荡混匀,盖板后置25℃避光环境中反应20min。
3)揭开盖板膜,甩干孔内液体,加入洗涤液300μL/孔,洗涤3次,倒掉洗涤液,用吸水纸拍干。洗涤液为含有0.5-1.5‰Triton X-100和0.5‰Proclin300的Tris缓冲液,其中,Tris缓冲液浓度为0.05mol/L,pH为8.0,千分比为体积比。
4)加入底物显色A液过氧化脲50μL/孔,再加入底物显色B液四甲基联苯胺50μL/孔,混匀,盖板后置于25℃避光环境中反应10min。
5)加入终止液2mol/L盐酸50μL/孔,混匀,设定酶标仪于450nm处,测定OD值。
四、检测结果分析
用所获得的每个浓度的标准品溶液的吸光度平均值(B)转换成logitY=ln[B/(B0-B)]。其中B为标准品或样本溶液的平均吸光度,B0为0μg/L标准品或标准溶液的平均吸光度值。采用logX-logitY模型建立丁胺卡那霉素标准曲线,其中横坐标为浓度值的对数值,纵坐标为logitY绘制标准曲线,以回归方程计算丁胺卡那霉素和卡那霉素的残留量。
实验例1标准曲线试验
标准曲线由6个浓度组成(0μg/L,0.5μg/L,1.5μg/L,4.5μg/L,13.5μg/L,40.5μg/L),对6个标准点各测定次数3次,以确定工作浓度范围和IC50。采用logX-logitY模型建立标准曲线,其中横坐标为浓度值的对数值,纵坐标为logitY=ln[(B/B0/(1-B/B0)]绘制标准曲线,见图2。其中,B为标准品或样本溶液的平均吸光度,B0为0μg/L标准溶液的平均吸光度值。丁胺卡那霉素浓度值X=10^(-(LogitY-0.7655)/1.8219)
由回归方程,可以得出:丁胺卡那霉素IC50为2.63μg/L。
表1 丁胺卡那霉素标准曲线6个点的吸光度值及logX-logitY回算浓度
注:抑制率为B/B0,结合率1-B/B0,logitY=ln[(B/B0/(1-B/B0)]
实验例2样品精密度和准确度试验
1、样品精密度试验:
精密度以变异系数表示。用丁胺卡那霉素、卡那霉素分别对鸡蛋和鸡肉样品进行添加回收,使终浓度为100μg/kg。取3个不同批次的试剂盒,每一批对同一个样本重复测定5次,分别计算变异系数,结果见表2-5。
表2 鸡蛋样品变异系数测定,添加100μg/kg丁胺卡那霉素
表3 鸡肉样品测定变异系数测定,添加100μg/kg丁胺卡那霉素
结果表明,添加100μg/kg丁胺卡那霉素,鸡蛋和鸡肉样本测定的变异系数为4.5-11.3%。
表4 鸡蛋样品变异系数测定,添加100μg/kg卡那霉素
表5 鸡肉样品测定变异系数测定,添加100μg/kg卡那霉素
结果表明,添加100μg/kg卡那霉素,鸡蛋和鸡肉样本测定的变异系数为4.1-10.2%。
2.样品准确度试验
准确度以回收率表示。用丁胺卡那霉素、卡那霉素分别对鸡蛋和鸡肉样品进行添加回收,使终浓度为100μg/kg,分别对5个鸡蛋和鸡肉样本进行添加回收试验,每个浓度做3个平行,分别计算回收率,计算结果见表6-表9。
表6 鸡蛋样本添加回收率测定,添加100μg/kg丁胺卡那霉素
表7 鸡肉样本添加回收率测定,添加100μg/kg丁胺卡那霉素
结果显示,添加100μg/kg卡那霉素,鸡蛋和鸡肉样品的添加回收率均在88.2%-110.6%之间。
表8 鸡蛋样本添加回收率测定,添加100μg/kg卡那霉素
表9 鸡肉样本添加回收率测定,添加100μg/kg卡那霉素
结果显示,添加100μg/kg卡那霉素,鸡蛋和鸡肉样品的添加回收率均在在89.7%-103.9%之间。
实验例3交叉反应率试验
选择与丁胺卡那霉素有类似结构和类似功能的5种药物测定交叉反应率,通过各种药物的标准曲线分别得到其50%抑制浓度(即IC50)。用下式计算本发明试剂盒对其它药物的交叉反应率。交叉反应率(%)=(丁胺卡那霉素IC50/丁胺卡那霉素类似物IC50)×100%,结果见表10。
表10 丁胺卡那霉素交叉反应率
丁胺卡那霉素类似物 | 交叉反应率(%) |
丁胺卡那霉素 | 100% |
卡那霉素 | 84.3% |
新霉素 | <0.4% |
红霉素 | <0.1% |
青霉素 | <0.3% |
由于本发明酶联免疫试剂盒,对丁胺卡那霉素的交叉反应率达到100%,对卡那霉素的交叉反应率达到84.3%,可同时检测样本中丁胺卡那霉素和卡那霉素。
实验例4试剂盒保存性试验
试剂盒保存条件为2~8℃,经过12个月的测定,试剂盒的最大吸光度值(零标准)、50%抑制浓度、丁胺卡那霉素添加实际测定值均在正常范围之内。
实施例4丁胺卡那霉素药物的酶联免疫检测试剂盒
与实施例1的区别在于抗体工作液为丁胺卡那霉素多克隆抗体工作液,酶标记抗抗体为辣根过氧化物酶标记的羊抗兔抗抗体。
Claims (8)
1.一种丁胺卡那霉素和卡那霉素二合一快速检测酶联免疫试剂盒,包括酶标板、酶标记抗抗体、丁胺卡那霉素标准品、底物显色液、终止液、洗涤液、丁胺卡那霉素抗体,所述酶标板上包被有丁胺卡那霉素-蛋白偶联物。
2.如权利要求1所述的酶联免疫试剂盒,其特征在于所述丁胺卡那霉素-蛋白偶联物由丁胺卡那霉素与卵清蛋白通过偶联得到。
3.如权利要求2所述的酶联免疫试剂盒,其特征在于所述丁胺卡那霉素抗体为丁胺卡那霉素单克隆抗体或丁胺卡那霉素多克隆抗体。
4.如权利要求3所述的酶联免疫试剂盒,其特征在于所述丁胺卡那霉素抗体由丁胺卡那霉素-蛋白偶联物作为免疫原制备得到,所述蛋白为牛血清白蛋白、甲状腺蛋白、卵清蛋白、人血清白蛋白或血蓝蛋白。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的酶联免疫试剂盒,其特征在于所述丁胺卡那霉素标准品溶液的浓度分别为0μg/L,0.5μg/L,1.5μg/L,4.5μg/L,13.5μg/L,40.5μg/L。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的酶联免疫试剂盒,其特征在于所述酶标记抗抗体的标记酶为辣根过氧化物酶,所述显色底物液为显色底物A液和显色底物B液,所述显色底物A液为过氧化脲,显色底物B液为四甲基联苯胺,终止液为2mol/L盐酸。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的酶联免疫试剂盒,其特征在于所述洗涤液为含有0.5-1.5‰Triton X-100和0.5‰Proclin300防腐剂的Tris缓冲液,其中,Tris缓冲液浓度为0.05mol/L,pH为8.0,所述千分比均为体积比。
8.一种用权利要求1~7任一项所述的酶联免疫试剂盒检测样品中丁胺卡那霉素和卡那霉素残留的方法,主要包括以下步骤:首先处理待测样品;然后用权利要求1~7任一项所述的酶联免疫试剂盒进行检测;最后分析检测结果。
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