CN106857328A - A kind of high-efficiency breeding method of Tilapia mossambica - Google Patents
A kind of high-efficiency breeding method of Tilapia mossambica Download PDFInfo
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- CN106857328A CN106857328A CN201710078502.XA CN201710078502A CN106857328A CN 106857328 A CN106857328 A CN 106857328A CN 201710078502 A CN201710078502 A CN 201710078502A CN 106857328 A CN106857328 A CN 106857328A
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high-efficiency breeding method of Tilapia mossambica, comprise the following steps：(1) culturing pool management：The soil of pond bottom is ploughed deeply into 15~22cm, by 5~10kg/100m2Amount apply rice-straw ash, exposure 15 days, then toward the water that depth is 1~1.5m is injected in pond, is put into benthic algae attaching substratum, then by 400~1000g/100m in bottom of pond2Consumption apply silicon algae seedling solution, water temperature is 20~25 DEG C in pond, intensity of illumination is 2000~3500lx condition cultivates diatom kind 10~15 days；(2) management is fed：Coordinated using tilapia feed and greenfeed and feed Tilapia mossambica.The technological means that the present invention is used can efficient cultivating tilapia, while the yield of Tilapia mossambica is improved, the water quality of improvement culturing pool, can spread for a long time, with large market application value.
Description
【Technical field】
The present invention relates to the cultivation field of Tilapia mossambica, more particularly to a kind of high-efficiency breeding method of Tilapia mossambica.
【Background technology】
Tilapia mossambica is commonly called as African crucian, with feeding habits are miscellaneous, eurysalinity, lower oxygen concentration resistance, intolerant to low high temperature, growth be fast, cultivation week
Phase is short, yield is high, population regularities power strong, and premunition strong strong to environmental suitability many advantages, such as, and meat flavour is delicious, meat
Matter is delicate, comprehensive nutrition, it has also become global main cultured fishes.
In recent years, the appearance and development of various high density intensive culture technologies and breeding way and the excellent product of Tilapia mossambica
Kind cultivation and popularization, largely promoted the development of China's Tilapia mossambica aquaculture, make Tilapia mossambica cultural technique day by day into
Ripe, yield rolls up year by year, and the main cultivation object of China's aquaculture has been turned at present.China's Tilapia mossambica aquaculture is near several
Very big achievement is achieved over year, breeding way is also from extensive to intensive culture, half intensive culture transition, but breeding production is substantially with quiet
Noxious material can be produced easily to accumulate based on water, without exhaust waste pond culture, under this cultivating condition, water quality deterioration, induce fish disease
Consequence.And tilapia feed utilization rate is relatively low under existing pond culture pattern, waste serious, along with tilapia feed
The rapid growth of cost, for culturing pool water quality severe exacerbation, in face of water body and residual bait excrement for going from bad to worse etc., one kind treatment
Method is to change water, can so consume great lot of water resources, and breeding wastewater can be caused to be polluted to being received environment, and current China is most
Regional water relatively lacks, a certain degree of development for limiting Tilapia mossambica aquaculture；Another method is to enter breeding wastewater
Recycled after row treatment, i.e. circulating water cultivation, but this aquaculture model can increase investment and operation cost, for the Rofe of China
Fish culture practicality is not strong；Using wide method it is also addition probiotics, such as photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus now
With composite bacteria preparation etc., purify water and work well, but can not solve that tilapia feed is relatively costly, Protein utilization is low
The problems such as.Accordingly, it would be desirable to it is following development side to study a kind of inexpensive, environment-friendly, sustainability Novel cultivation pattern
To.
【The content of the invention】
Present invention aim at a kind of high-efficiency breeding method of Tilapia mossambica is provided, the technology applies diatom by culturing pool
Liquid is planted, makes to form the beneficial algae dominant group of diatom in culturing pool, reduce the harmful algae content in culturing pool, improve Tilapia mossambica
Living environment, improve Tilapia mossambica cultivation efficiency；The present invention also feeds Rofe by the cooperation of tilapia feed and greenfeed
Fish, improves the yield of Tilapia mossambica.The technological means that the present invention is used can efficient cultivating tilapia, in the yield of raising Tilapia mossambica
While, improve the water quality of culturing pool, spread can be for a long time carried out, with large market application value.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：A kind of high-efficiency breeding method of Tilapia mossambica, including
Following steps：
(1) culturing pool management：Depth is deep-cut for 2~3m, length is 35~50m, and width is the pond of 50~100m, then
The soil of pond bottom is ploughed deeply into 15~22cm, by 5~10kg/100m2Amount apply rice-straw ash, exposure 15 days, then toward pond
The water that depth is 1~1.5m is injected in the pool, benthic algae attaching substratum is put into bottom of pond, then by 400~1000g/100m2
Consumption apply silicon algae seedling solution, water temperature is 20~25 DEG C in pond, intensity of illumination is 2000~3500lx condition cultivates diatom
Plant 10~15 days；
(2) management is fed：Rofe fry is put in a suitable place to breed by the density of 1200~1700 tails/mu, when fish body weight is 10~20g,
The daily amount for feeding tilapia feed is the 5~8% of fish body weight, when fish body weight is 20~100g, Tilapia mossambica feeding is fed daily
The amount of material is the 4~6% of fish body weight, and when fish body weight is 100~400g, it is fish body weight that the amount of tilapia feed is fed daily
2~3%；
When fish body weight is 10~50g, the greenfeed that fish body weighs 3~5% is fed daily, when fish body weight is 50~150g
When, the greenfeed that fish body weighs 2~3% is fed daily, when fish body weight is 150~400g, fish body is fed daily and weighs 1~2%
Greenfeed.
In the present invention, as further illustrating, the silicon algae seedling solution described in step (1) is prepared by following methods：By weight
Number meter, 1 part of diatom kind is put into 100~200 parts of nutrient solutions, and carbon dioxide gas is passed through with the speed of 0.3~0.5L/min
Body, temperature be 20~25 DEG C, intensity of illumination be 2500~3500lx, pH value be 6.2~6.8 under conditions of cultivate 10~15 days
Afterwards, finally intensity of illumination be 0.5~2lx, temperature be 20~25 DEG C under conditions of concentrate 6~10h, obtain silicon algae seedling solution.
In the present invention, as further illustrating, the tilapia feed described in step (2) is counted by weight, including with
Lower raw material：30~55 portions of peanut cakes, 20~40 portions of dregs of beans, 2~5 portions of shitosans, 10~15 portions of expanded corn powders, 5~11 portions of fishes
Liver oil, 10~17 parts of dried silkworm chrysalis meals, 4~10 parts of laver powders, 6~12 parts of banainas, 3~8 parts of wheat germ powders and 3~5 parts of honey.
In the present invention, as further illustrating, the greenfeed described in step (2) by being 12~33 by weight：6~
17：Formed after the mixing of 15~26 the leaf of spinach, duckweed and blue-green algae and after 10~15h of sealing and fermenting.
In the present invention, as further illustrating, described nutrient solution is prepared by following methods：Count by weight, will
50~80 parts of sodium nitrate, 50~100 parts of sodium metasilicate, 15~30 parts of dibastic sodium phosphates, 0.1~0.2 part of zinc chloride, 0.1~0.3 part of chlorine
Change copper, 1~3 part of iron chloride, 0.01~0.03 part of CoCL2 6H2O, 0.1~0.2 part of vitamin B1,0.01~0.02 part of dimension life
After plain H and 1000 part of deionized water is mixed, regulation pH value is 5~6.5, after carrying out sterilization treatment at 121 DEG C, is cultivated
Liquid.
In the present invention, as further illustrating, described diatom is prong bar algae, star bar algae, small head end rhombus algae and
One or more in ancon shank algae.
The function introduction of part material is as follows：
Rice-straw ash is used as disinfectant in the present invention, for being carried out disinfection to pond.
Peanut cake, is the accessory substance after squeezing or soaking extract oil with the shelled peanut as raw material that shells.The nutriture value of peanut cake
Value is higher, and its metabolizable energy is highest in cake, dregs of rice class tilapia feed, and gross protein value is up to more than 48%.In the present invention
In, peanut cake is to prepare the primary raw material in tilapia feed, is mainly used in providing crude protein for Tilapia mossambica.
Dregs of beans, is that a kind of byproduct obtained after soya-bean oil is squeezed with soybean, and the main component of dregs of beans is：Protein 40%~
48%, lysine 2.5%~3.0%, tryptophan 0.6%~0.7%, methionine 0.5%~0.7%.In the present invention, dregs of beans
To prepare the primary raw material of tilapia feed, it is mainly used in providing crude protein and amino acid for Tilapia mossambica.
Shitosan, is the chitin (chitin) being widely present by nature by deacetylated also known as chitosan
What effect was obtained, chemical name is Chitosan (1-4) -2- amino-B-D glucose.In the present invention, shitosan is preparation
The raw material of tilapia feed, the resistance against diseases for improving Tilapia mossambica.
Expanded corn powder, is that high-grade maize is expanded through high temperature, high-pressure extrusion, then the powdery being made through deep processing is produced
Product.In the present invention, expanded corn powder is the raw material for preparing tilapia feed, for Tilapia mossambica provides crude fibre, lecithin, sub- oil
While acid, grain alcohol and vitamin, increase the palatability of tilapia feed.
Cod-liver oil, is the oil extracted in a kind of marine fishes liver from cod etc., and usually yellow is to orange-red transparent
Oily liquids.In the present invention, cod-liver oil is the raw material for preparing tilapia feed, be mainly used in for Tilapia mossambica provide vitamin A,
D, promotes Growth Op Tilapia.
Dried silkworm chrysalis meal, crude fat and protein content are high, and amino acid composition is preferable, methionine, lysine and tryptophane
Height, rich in leucine, isoleucine and B family vitamin, belongs to high-quality protein.In the present invention, dried silkworm chrysalis meal is raised to prepare Tilapia mossambica
The raw material of material, predominantly Tilapia mossambica provide crude fat, protein and amino acid.
Laver powder, is the powder of seaweed grinding, rich in protein, iodine, phosphorus and calcium etc..In the present invention, laver powder
To prepare the raw material of tilapia feed, it is mainly used in providing protein and mineral matter element for Tilapia mossambica.
Banaina, is powder that banana is processed.In the present invention, banaina is the raw material for preparing tilapia feed,
It is mainly used in providing cellulose, protein, mineral matter element and vitamin for Tilapia mossambica.
Wheat germ powder, is the elite extracted from good quality wheat grain, is a kind of high protein, homovitamin E, low-heat, low
The nutriment of fat, low cholesterol.Containing vitamin B complex, vitamin D, unrighted acid, nucleic acid, folic acid, n-octacosanol and
Calcium, iron, zinc, selenium etc. more than 10 plant mineral matter etc., are the supply sources of ideal minor metallic element, are " natural VEs
Warehouse ", is " the natural nutrition treasure-houses of the mankind ".In the present invention, wheat germ powder is the raw material for preparing tilapia feed, is used for
For Tilapia mossambica provides abundant trace element.
The honey that the nectar that honey is insect honeybee to be adopted from the spending of flowering plant is brewed in honeycomb.In the present invention,
Honey is the raw material for preparing tilapia feed, is mainly used in adjusting the palatability of tilapia feed.
The leaf of spinach, duckweed and blue-green algae are in the present invention the raw material for preparing greenfeed, are mainly used in providing fibre for Tilapia mossambica
Dimension element and vitamin, promote the digestion of Tilapia mossambica.
Sodium nitrate is in the present invention the raw material for preparing nutrient solution, for nutrient solution provides nitrate ion.
Sodium metasilicate is in the present invention the raw material for preparing nutrient solution, for nutrient solution provides silicate ion.
Dibastic sodium phosphate is in the present invention the raw material for preparing nutrient solution, for nutrient solution provides phosphoric acid hydrogen radical ion.
Zinc chloride is in the present invention the raw material for preparing nutrient solution, for nutrient solution provides zinc ion.
Copper chloride is in the present invention the raw material for preparing nutrient solution, for nutrient solution provides copper ion.
Iron chloride is in the present invention the raw material for preparing nutrient solution, for nutrient solution provides iron ion.
CoCL2 6H2O is in the present invention the raw material for preparing nutrient solution, for nutrient solution provides cobalt ions.
Vitamin B1 and biotin are used as the source of vitamin in diatom cultivating process in the present invention.
Prong bar algae, star bar algae, small head end rhombus algae and ancon shank algae are used as the raw material sources of diatom in the present invention.
The invention has the advantages that：
1. the present invention catches the technological means that carbon dioxide promotes growth of diatom algae using diatom, stimulates frustule to accelerate light
Cooperation is used, and promotes the absorption to carbon dioxide, improves the speed of growth of diatom.On the one hand, the present invention is used in acid condition,
Be by intensity of illumination 2500~3500lx intense light conditions under, diatom is coerced by bloom, make in frustule greenery element
Concentration increase, the volume of chlorophyll increases, promote it is photosynthetic carry out, further improve the absorption to carbon dioxide, thorn
Swash the growth of diatom；On the other hand, it is the low light irradiation bar of 0.5~2lx that the present invention uses intensity of illumination in the diatom cultivation later stage
Part, the extended activity of the non-photochemical quenching significantly risen in the frustule after bloom is coerced, helps frustule
Dissipate superfluous luminous energy；At the same time low light irradiation condition can also make diatom to silicon, phosphorus with affinity higher, promote silicon
Absorption of the algae to this important substance of silicon, and then improve the growth rate of diatom.The present invention prepares institute during silicon algae seedling solution
The technological means of use, the growth of diatom is promoted from different principle and different angles, and the technological means for being used is mutually promoted, phase
Mutually coordinate, it is all linked with one another, the total effect for being reached be significantly larger than the effect that single technological means is reached simple plus and.
2. the present invention cultivates diatom in culturing pool, by increasing capacitance it is possible to increase the dominant group status of beneficial algae in culturing pool, reduces
The ratio of harmful algae.On the one hand a good microbial environment can not only be constructed for Tilapia mossambica, promotes the growth of Tilapia mossambica；
On the other hand, ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, the content of nitrate in culturing pool can be reduced, improves water body environment；At the same time,
Diatom can also provide rich in protein tilapia feed for Tilapia mossambica, and reduction feeds the cost of tilapia feed, improves Rofe
The survival rate of fish.
3. the tilapia feed that prepared by the present invention is rich in protein, vitamin and trace element, meets Tilapia mossambica in growth
During to the demand of protein, vitamin and trace element, and then improve the yield of Tilapia mossambica.The peanut used in the present invention
Cake, dregs of beans, expanded corn powder and dried silkworm chrysalis meal all have rich in protein；Wheat germ powder and dried silkworm chrysalis meal all contain abundant dimension
Raw element and amino acid, compensate for the shortcoming of peanut cake, dregs of beans and expanded corn powder for amino acid starvation；And shitosan being capable of shadow
The microorganism in Tilapia mossambica enteron aisle is rung, significantly lowers Escherichia coli quantity, improve Bacillus acidi lactici quantity, improve gut flora, promoted
Enter fish body growth, improve the resistance against diseases of Tilapia mossambica, further improve the yield of Tilapia mossambica；Laver powder, banaina and small
Wheat germ powder can provide abundant vitamin and trace element for Tilapia mossambica；And cod-liver oil can promote Tilapia mossambica to vitamin
Absorption, and then improve Tilapia mossambica yield.Sum it up, above-mentioned taken various raw materials cooperate, mutually promote, layer
Layer is progressive, indispensable, and the yield of Tilapia mossambica is improve jointly, and total effect of generation is significantly larger than acquired by single raw material
Effect simple plus and.
【Specific embodiment】
Embodiment 1：
1. early-stage preparations：
The preparation of nutrient solution：Count by weight, by 50 parts of sodium nitrate, 50 parts of sodium metasilicate, 15 parts of dibastic sodium phosphates, 0.1 part
Zinc chloride, 0.1 part of copper chloride, 1 part of iron chloride, 0.01 part of CoCL2 6H2O, 0.1 part of vitamin B1,0.01 part of biotin and
After 1000 parts of deionized waters are mixed, regulation pH value is 5, after carrying out sterilization treatment at 121 DEG C, obtains nutrient solution.
The preparation of silicon algae seedling solution：Count by weight, 1 part of prong bar algae kind is put into 100 parts of nutrient solutions, with 0.3L/
The speed of min is passed through carbon dioxide, temperature be 20 DEG C, intensity of illumination be 2500lx, pH value be 6.2 under conditions of cultivate
After 10 days, finally intensity of illumination be 0.5lx, temperature be 20 DEG C under conditions of concentrate 6h, obtain silicon algae seedling solution.
The preparation of tilapia feed：Count by weight, by 30 portions of peanut cakes, 20 parts of dregs of beans, 2 parts of shitosans, 10 parts it is swollen
Change corn flour, 5 parts of cod-liver oil, 10 parts of dried silkworm chrysalis meals, 4 parts of laver powders, 6 parts of banainas, 3 parts of wheat germ powders and 3 parts of honey mutually to mix
Close, after compression molding, obtain tilapia feed.
The preparation of greenfeed：Count by weight, after 12 parts of the leaf of spinach, 6 portions of duckweeds and 15 portions of blue-green algaes are mixed, at 20 DEG C
Lower sealing and fermenting 10h, obtains greenfeed.
The material that above-mentioned early stage is prepared is used for following cultural methods.
2. a kind of high-efficiency breeding method of Tilapia mossambica, comprises the following steps：
(1) culturing pool management：Depth is deep-cut for 2m, length is 35m, and width is the pond of 50m, then by pond bottom
Soil ploughs deeply 15cm, by 5kg/100m2Amount apply rice-straw ash, then exposure 15 days is the pond of 1m toward depth is injected in pond
Water, is put into benthic algae attaching substratum, then by 400g/100m in bottom of pond2Consumption apply silicon algae seedling solution, in pond, water temperature is
25 DEG C, intensity of illumination cultivate diatom kind 10 days for the condition of 2000lx；
(2) management is fed：Rofe fry is put in a suitable place to breed by the density of 1200 tails/mu, it is daily to throw when fish body weight is 10~20g
It is the 5% of fish body weight to feed the amount of tilapia feed, and when fish body weight is 20~100g, the amount that tilapia feed is fed daily is fish
The 4% of body weight, when fish body weight is 100~400g, it is the 2% of fish body weight that the amount of tilapia feed is fed daily；
When fish body weight is 10~50g, the greenfeed that fish body weighs 3% is fed daily, when fish body weight is 50~150g, often
Day feeds the greenfeed that fish body weighs 2%, when fish body weight is 150~400g, the greenfeed that fish body weighs 1% is fed daily.
Embodiment 2：
1. early-stage preparations：
The preparation of nutrient solution：Count by weight, by 55 parts of sodium nitrate, 70 parts of sodium metasilicate, 18 parts of dibastic sodium phosphates, 0.15 part
Zinc chloride, 0.19 part of copper chloride, 1.5 parts of iron chloride, 0.015 part of CoCL2 6H2O, 0.12 part of vitamin B1,0.011 part of dimension life
After plain H and 1000 part of deionized water is mixed, regulation pH value is 5.2, after carrying out sterilization treatment at 121 DEG C, obtains nutrient solution.
The preparation of silicon algae seedling solution：Count by weight, 0.5 part of star bar algae kind, 0.5 part small head end rhombus algae kind are put into
In 145 parts of nutrient solutions, carbon dioxide is passed through with the speed of 0.4L/min, temperature be 22 DEG C, intensity of illumination be 2850lx,
PH value be 6.5 under conditions of cultivate 11 days after, finally intensity of illumination be 0.9lx, temperature be 21 DEG C under conditions of concentrate 7h, obtain
To silicon algae seedling solution.
The preparation of tilapia feed：Count by weight, by 42 portions of peanut cakes, 23 parts of dregs of beans, 3 parts of shitosans, 14 parts it is swollen
Change corn flour, 8 parts of cod-liver oil, 12 parts of dried silkworm chrysalis meals, 5 parts of laver powders, 8 parts of banainas, 5 parts of wheat germ powders and 3.5 parts of honey phases
Mixing, after compression molding, obtains tilapia feed.
The preparation of greenfeed：Count by weight, after 15 parts of the leaf of spinach, 10 portions of duckweeds and 20 portions of blue-green algaes are mixed, 25
Sealing and fermenting 12h at DEG C, obtains greenfeed.
The material that above-mentioned early stage is prepared is used for following cultural methods.
2. a kind of high-efficiency breeding method of Tilapia mossambica, comprises the following steps：
(1) culturing pool management：Depth is deep-cut for 2.2m, length is 41m, and width is the pond of 65m, then by pond bottom
Soil plough deeply 18cm, by 6kg/100m2Amount apply rice-straw ash, then exposure 15 days is 1.2m toward depth is injected in pond
Water, benthic algae attaching substratum is put into bottom of pond, then by 550g/100m2Consumption apply silicon algae seedling solution, in pond water
Temperature is 20 DEG C, intensity of illumination is for the condition of 3000lx cultivates diatom kind 11 days；
(2) management is fed：Rofe fry is put in a suitable place to breed by the density of 1500 tails/mu, it is daily to throw when fish body weight is 10~20g
It is the 6% of fish body weight to feed the amount of tilapia feed, and when fish body weight is 20~100g, the amount that tilapia feed is fed daily is fish
The 4.5% of body weight, when fish body weight is 100~400g, it is the 2.5% of fish body weight that the amount of tilapia feed is fed daily；
When fish body weight is 10~50g, the greenfeed that fish body weighs 3.5% is fed daily, when fish body weight is 50~150g,
The greenfeed that fish body weighs 2.2% is fed daily, when fish body weight is 150~400g, the blue or green feeding that fish body weighs 1.7% is fed daily
Material.
Embodiment 3：
1. early-stage preparations：
The preparation of nutrient solution：Count by weight, by 63 parts of sodium nitrate, 73 parts of sodium metasilicate, 22 parts of dibastic sodium phosphates, 0.17 part
Zinc chloride, 0.22 part of copper chloride, 1.8 parts of iron chloride, 0.02 part of CoCL2 6H2O, 0.14 part of vitamin B1,0.013 part of vitamin
After H and 1000 part of deionized water is mixed, regulation pH value is 5.8, after carrying out sterilization treatment at 121 DEG C, obtains nutrient solution.
The preparation of silicon algae seedling solution：Count by weight, 1 part of ancon shank algae kind is put into 135 parts of nutrient solutions, with
The speed of 0.4L/min is passed through carbon dioxide, temperature be 22 DEG C, intensity of illumination be 2700lx, the condition that pH value is 6.6
It is lower cultivate 13 days after, finally intensity of illumination be 1lx, temperature be 21 DEG C under conditions of concentrate 8h, obtain silicon algae seedling solution.
The preparation of tilapia feed：Count by weight, by 47 portions of peanut cakes, 33 parts of dregs of beans, 3 parts of shitosans, 13 parts it is swollen
Change corn flour, 8 parts of cod-liver oil, 13 parts of dried silkworm chrysalis meals, 5 parts of laver powders, 10 parts of banainas, 5 parts of wheat germ powders and 4 parts of honey mutually to mix
Close, after compression molding, obtain tilapia feed.
The preparation of greenfeed：Count by weight, after 25 parts of the leaf of spinach, 12 portions of duckweeds and 23 portions of blue-green algaes are mixed, 24
Sealing and fermenting 13h at DEG C, obtains greenfeed.
The material that above-mentioned early stage is prepared is used for following cultural methods.
2. a kind of high-efficiency breeding method of Tilapia mossambica, comprises the following steps：
(1) culturing pool management：Depth is deep-cut for 2.7m, length is 44m, and width is the pond of 90m, then by pond bottom
Soil plough deeply 17cm, by 6kg/100m2Amount apply rice-straw ash, then exposure 15 days is 1.1m toward depth is injected in pond
Water, benthic algae attaching substratum is put into bottom of pond, then by 800g/100m2Consumption apply silicon algae seedling solution, in pond water
Temperature is 22 DEG C, intensity of illumination is for the condition of 2900lx cultivates diatom kind 11 days；
(2) management is fed：Rofe fry is put in a suitable place to breed by the density of 1450 tails/mu, it is daily to throw when fish body weight is 10~20g
It is the 7% of fish body weight to feed the amount of tilapia feed, and when fish body weight is 20~100g, the amount that tilapia feed is fed daily is fish
The 5.5% of body weight, when fish body weight is 100~400g, it is the 2.7% of fish body weight that the amount of tilapia feed is fed daily；
When fish body weight is 10~50g, the greenfeed that fish body weighs 4.5% is fed daily, when fish body weight is 50~150g,
The greenfeed that fish body weighs 2.8% is fed daily, when fish body weight is 150~400g, the blue or green feeding that fish body weighs 1.6% is fed daily
Material.
Embodiment 4：
1. early-stage preparations：
The preparation of nutrient solution：Count by weight, by 76 parts of sodium nitrate, 92 parts of sodium metasilicate, 25 parts of dibastic sodium phosphates, 0.14 part
Zinc chloride, 0.26 part of copper chloride, 1.8 parts of iron chloride, 0.025 part of CoCL2 6H2O, 0.13 part of vitamin B1,0.013 part of dimension life
After plain H and 1000 part of deionized water is mixed, regulation pH value is 6.4, after carrying out sterilization treatment at 121 DEG C, obtains nutrient solution.
The preparation of silicon algae seedling solution：Count by weight, 0.5 part of prong bar algae kind, 0.5 part small head end rhombus algae kind are put into
In 160 parts of nutrient solutions, carbon dioxide is passed through with the speed of 0.45L/min, temperature be 23 DEG C, intensity of illumination be
3200lx, pH value be 6.3 under conditions of cultivate 12 days after, finally intensity of illumination be 1.2lx, temperature be 21 DEG C under conditions of it is dense
Contracting 7h, obtains silicon algae seedling solution.
The preparation of tilapia feed：Count by weight, by 45 portions of peanut cakes, 33 parts of dregs of beans, 4 parts of shitosans, 12 parts it is swollen
Change corn flour, 9 parts of cod-liver oil, 16 parts of dried silkworm chrysalis meals, 7 parts of laver powders, 11 parts of banainas, 7 parts of wheat germ powders and 3.5 parts of honey phases
Mixing, after compression molding, obtains tilapia feed.
The preparation of greenfeed：Count by weight, after 30 parts of the leaf of spinach, 15 portions of duckweeds and 20 portions of blue-green algaes are mixed, 21
Sealing and fermenting 14h at DEG C, obtains greenfeed.
The material that above-mentioned early stage is prepared is used for following cultural methods.
2. a kind of high-efficiency breeding method of Tilapia mossambica, comprises the following steps：
(1) culturing pool management：Depth is deep-cut for 2.8m, length is 42m, and width is the pond of 68m, then by pond bottom
Soil plough deeply 20cm, by 9kg/100m2Amount apply rice-straw ash, then exposure 15 days is 1.2m toward depth is injected in pond
Water, benthic algae attaching substratum is put into bottom of pond, then by 700g/100m2Consumption apply silicon algae seedling solution, in pond water
Temperature is 23 DEG C, intensity of illumination is for the condition of 3100lx cultivates diatom kind 14 days；
(2) management is fed：Rofe fry is put in a suitable place to breed by the density of 1400 tails/mu, it is daily to throw when fish body weight is 10~20g
It is the 7.5% of fish body weight to feed the amount of tilapia feed, and when fish body weight is 20~100g, the amount that tilapia feed is fed daily is
The 5.5% of fish body weight, when fish body weight is 100~400g, it is the 2.6% of fish body weight that the amount of tilapia feed is fed daily；
When fish body weight is 10~50g, the greenfeed that fish body weighs 4.2% is fed daily, when fish body weight is 50~150g,
The greenfeed that fish body weighs 2.6% is fed daily, when fish body weight is 150~400g, the blue or green feeding that fish body weighs 1.3% is fed daily
Material.
Embodiment 5：
1. early-stage preparations：
The preparation of nutrient solution：Count by weight, by 67 parts of sodium nitrate, 78 parts of sodium metasilicate, 24 parts of dibastic sodium phosphates, 0.14 part
Zinc chloride, 0.25 part of copper chloride, 2 parts of iron chloride, 0.02 part of CoCL2 6H2O, 0.13 part of vitamin B1,0.013 part of biotin
After being mixed with 1000 parts of deionized waters, regulation pH value is 6, after carrying out sterilization treatment at 121 DEG C, obtains nutrient solution.
The preparation of silicon algae seedling solution：Count by weight, by 0.5 part of star bar algae kind, 0.3 part small head end rhombus algae kind and 0.2
Part ancon shank algae kind is put into 175 parts of nutrient solutions, and carbon dioxide is passed through with the speed of 0.4L/min, is 23 in temperature
DEG C, intensity of illumination be 2800lx, pH value be finally that 1.5lx, temperature are in intensity of illumination after cultivating 13 days under conditions of 6.4
7h is concentrated under conditions of 22 DEG C, silicon algae seedling solution is obtained.
The preparation of tilapia feed：Count by weight, by 42 portions of peanut cakes, 30 parts of dregs of beans, 3 parts of shitosans, 12 parts it is swollen
Change corn flour, 8 parts of cod-liver oil, 15 parts of dried silkworm chrysalis meals, 8 parts of laver powders, 11 parts of banainas, 5 parts of wheat germ powders and 3.5 parts of honey phases
Mixing, after compression molding, obtains tilapia feed.
The preparation of greenfeed：Count by weight, after 23 parts of the leaf of spinach, 15 portions of duckweeds and 23 portions of blue-green algaes are mixed, 25
Sealing and fermenting 14h at DEG C, obtains greenfeed.
The material that above-mentioned early stage is prepared is used for following cultural methods.
2. a kind of high-efficiency breeding method of Tilapia mossambica, comprises the following steps：
(1) culturing pool management：Depth is deep-cut for 2.8m, length is 42m, and width is the pond of 96m, then by pond bottom
Soil plough deeply 21cm, by 9kg/100m2Amount apply rice-straw ash, then exposure 15 days is 1.1m toward depth is injected in pond
Water, benthic algae attaching substratum is put into bottom of pond, then by 500g/100m2Consumption apply silicon algae seedling solution, in pond water
Temperature is 21 DEG C, intensity of illumination is for the condition of 2800lx cultivates diatom kind 11 days；
(2) management is fed：Rofe fry is put in a suitable place to breed by the density of 1500 tails/mu, it is daily to throw when fish body weight is 10~20g
It is the 6.5% of fish body weight to feed the amount of tilapia feed, and when fish body weight is 20~100g, the amount that tilapia feed is fed daily is
The 5.5% of fish body weight, when fish body weight is 100~400g, it is the 2.3% of fish body weight that the amount of tilapia feed is fed daily；
When fish body weight is 10~50g, the greenfeed that fish body weighs 4.5% is fed daily, when fish body weight is 50~150g,
The greenfeed that fish body weighs 2.8% is fed daily, when fish body weight is 150~400g, the blue or green feeding that fish body weighs 1.4% is fed daily
Material.
Embodiment 6：
1. early-stage preparations：
The preparation of nutrient solution：Count by weight, by 80 parts of sodium nitrate, 100 parts of sodium metasilicate, 30 parts of dibastic sodium phosphates, 0.2 part
Zinc chloride, 0.3 part of copper chloride, 3 parts of iron chloride, 0.03 part of CoCL2 6H2O, 0.2 part of vitamin B1,0.02 part of biotin and
After 1000 parts of deionized waters are mixed, regulation pH value is 6.5, after carrying out sterilization treatment at 121 DEG C, obtains nutrient solution.
The preparation of silicon algae seedling solution：Count by weight, 1 part small head end rhombus algae kind is put into 200 parts of nutrient solutions, with
The speed of 0.5L/min is passed through carbon dioxide, temperature be 25 DEG C, intensity of illumination be 3500lx, the condition that pH value is 6.8
It is lower cultivate 15 days after, finally intensity of illumination be 2lx, temperature be 25 DEG C under conditions of concentrate 10h, obtain silicon algae seedling solution.
The preparation of tilapia feed：Count by weight, by 55 portions of peanut cakes, 40 parts of dregs of beans, 5 parts of shitosans, 15 parts it is swollen
Change corn flour, 11 parts of cod-liver oil, 17 parts of dried silkworm chrysalis meals, 10 parts of laver powders, 12 parts of banainas, 8 parts of wheat germ powders and 5 parts of honey phases
Mixing, after compression molding, obtains tilapia feed.
The preparation of greenfeed：Count by weight, after 33 parts of the leaf of spinach, 17 portions of duckweeds and 26 portions of blue-green algaes are mixed, 28
Sealing and fermenting 15h at DEG C, obtains greenfeed.
The material that above-mentioned early stage is prepared is used for following cultural methods.
2. a kind of high-efficiency breeding method of Tilapia mossambica, comprises the following steps：
(1) culturing pool management：Depth is deep-cut for 3m, length is 50m, and width is the pond of 100m, then by pond bottom
Soil plough deeply 22cm, by 10kg/100m2Amount apply rice-straw ash, then exposure 15 days is 1.5m toward depth is injected in pond
Water, benthic algae attaching substratum is put into bottom of pond, then by 1000g/100m2Consumption apply silicon algae seedling solution, in pond
The condition that water temperature is 25 DEG C, intensity of illumination is 3500lx cultivates diatom kind 15 days；
(2) management is fed：Rofe fry is put in a suitable place to breed by the density of 1700 tails/mu, it is daily to throw when fish body weight is 10~20g
It is the 8% of fish body weight to feed the amount of tilapia feed, and when fish body weight is 20~100g, the amount that tilapia feed is fed daily is fish
The 6% of body weight, when fish body weight is 100~400g, it is the 3% of fish body weight that the amount of tilapia feed is fed daily；
When fish body weight is 10~50g, the greenfeed that fish body weighs 5% is fed daily, when fish body weight is 50~150g, often
Day feeds the greenfeed that fish body weighs 3%, when fish body weight is 150~400g, the greenfeed that fish body weighs 2% is fed daily.
Comparative example 1：The specific steps of the cultural method of Tilapia mossambica, raw material are substantially the same manner as Example 1, and difference is：
Without using silicon algae seedling solution in step (1).
Comparative example 2：The specific steps of the cultural method of Tilapia mossambica, raw material are substantially the same manner as Example 1, and difference is：
Only with light irradiation diatom high in the preparation process of silicon algae seedling solution.
Comparative example 3：The specific steps of the cultural method of Tilapia mossambica, raw material are substantially the same manner as Example 1, and difference is：
The tilapia feed used in step (2) is the Chinese regular script special tilapia feed of board Tilapia mossambica sold on the market.
Contrast test 1：
The cultural method of comparative example 1-3 and embodiment 1-6 is respectively cultivated into 10000 tail Tilapia mossambica 120 days, detection cultivation Rofe
Gross weight after fish, calculates testing result, the results are shown in Table 1.
Contrast test 2：
By each cultivating tilapia of cultural method of comparative example 1-3 and embodiment 1-6, supporting when taking cultivating tilapia 120 days
Grow water to be detected, ammonia-nitrogen content, nitrate nitrogen content and nitrite nitrogen content in detection culturing pool the results are shown in Table
1。
Contrast test 3：
By each cultivating tilapia of cultural method of comparative example 1-3 and embodiment 1-6, supporting when taking cultivating tilapia 120 days
Grow water to be detected, the content of harmful algae and beneficial algae in detection culturing pool；
Using the content of beneficial algae and harmful algae in blood counting chamber measurement sample, wherein the blood count of 16 lattice × 25 lattice
Plate computing formula：Quantity/100 × 400 × 10 of beneficial algae in the small lattice of beneficial algae content (/mL)=1004
Quantity/100 × 400 × 10 of algae are harmful in harmful algae content (/mL)=100 small lattice4
Testing result is shown in Table 1.
Table 1：
The result of table 1 shows：Yield is higher, illustrates that the cultural method is more effective.The yield of comparative example 1 is minimum, embodiment 3
Yield highest；By applying silicon algae seedling solution, the beneficial algae in culturing pool is turned into dominant group, reduce the ratio of harmful algae,
Purifying aquaculture water matter, for Tilapia mossambica provides protein, lipid and trace element, greatly improved the yield of Tilapia mossambica, reach
The purpose of volume increase increment；
Ammonia-nitrogen content, nitrate nitrogen content, the content of nitrite nitrogen content are lower, illustrate that culturing pool water quality is better, i.e.,
The growth of more suitable Tilapia mossambica, ammonia-nitrogen content, nitrate nitrogen content, nitrite nitrogen content in comparative example 1 are all highest, real
Ammonia-nitrogen content, nitrate nitrogen content, the nitrite nitrogen content applied in example 3 are all minimum, are illustrated by applying diatom, can be obvious
Improve culturing pool water quality, promote the growth of Tilapia mossambica；
The content of harmful algae is lower, and the content of beneficial algae is higher, illustrates that culturing pool water quality is poorer.It is harmful in comparative example 1
Algae content highest, beneficial algae content are minimum, and the harmful algae content in comparative example 3 is minimum, beneficial algae content highest, illustrate by applying
Silicon algae seedling solution is used, the water quality in culturing pool is greatly improved, and then improve the cultivation efficiency of Tilapia mossambica.
Described above is directed to the detailed description of preferably possible embodiments of the invention, but embodiment is not limited to this hair
Bright patent claim, the equal change completed under the technical spirit suggested by all present invention or modification change, all should belong to
Cover the scope of the claims in the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of high-efficiency breeding method of Tilapia mossambica, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
(1) culturing pool management：Depth is deep-cut for 2~3m, length is 35~50m, and width is the pond of 50~100m, then by pond
The soil of pool bottom ploughs deeply 15~22cm, by 5~10kg/100m2Amount apply rice-straw ash, exposure 15 days, then toward in pond
Injection depth is the water of 1~1.5m, benthic algae attaching substratum is put into bottom of pond, then by 400~1000g/100m2Use
Amount applies silicon algae seedling solution, and the condition that water temperature is 20~25 DEG C in pond, intensity of illumination is 2000~3500lx cultivates diatom kind 10
~15 days；
(2) management is fed：Rofe fry is put in a suitable place to breed by the density of 1200~1700 tails/mu, when fish body weight is 10~20g, daily
It is the 5~8% of fish body weight to feed the amount of tilapia feed, when fish body weight is 20~100g, tilapia feed is fed daily
It is the 4~6% of fish body weight to measure, when fish body weight is 100~400g, feed daily the amount of tilapia feed for fish body weight 2~
3%；
When fish body weight is 10~50g, the greenfeed that fish body weighs 3~5% is fed daily, when fish body weight is 50~150g, often
Day feeds the greenfeed that fish body weighs 2~3%, when fish body weight is 150~400g, the blue or green feeding that fish body weighs 1~2% is fed daily
Material.
2. the high-efficiency breeding method of a kind of Tilapia mossambica according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Silicon described in step (1)
Algae seedling solution is prepared by following methods：Count by weight, 1 part of diatom kind is put into 100~200 parts of nutrient solutions, with 0.3~
The speed of 0.5L/min is passed through carbon dioxide, temperature be 20~25 DEG C, intensity of illumination be that 2500~3500lx, pH value are
After being cultivated 10~15 days under conditions of 6.2~6.8, finally in the condition that intensity of illumination is 0.5~2lx, temperature is 20~25 DEG C
6~10h of lower concentration, obtains silicon algae seedling solution.
3. the high-efficiency breeding method of a kind of Tilapia mossambica according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Sieve described in step (2)
Non- fish meal is counted by weight, including following raw material：30~55 parts of peanut cakes, 20~40 parts of dregs of beans, 2~5 parts of shitosans, 10
~15 parts of expanded corn powders, 5~11 parts of cod-liver oil, 10~17 parts of dried silkworm chrysalis meals, 4~10 parts of laver powders, 6~12 portions of banainas, 3~
8 parts of wheat germ powders and 3~5 parts of honey.
4. the high-efficiency breeding method of a kind of Tilapia mossambica according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Green grass or young crops described in step (2)
Feed by being 12~33 by weight：6~17：After the mixing of 15~26 the leaf of spinach, duckweed and blue-green algae and 10~15h of sealing and fermenting
After formed.
5. the high-efficiency breeding method of a kind of Tilapia mossambica according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Described nutrient solution is under
State method preparation：Count by weight, by 50~80 parts of sodium nitrate, 50~100 parts of sodium metasilicate, 15~30 parts of dibastic sodium phosphates, 0.1
~0.2 part of zinc chloride, 0.1~0.3 part of copper chloride, 1~3 part of iron chloride, 0.01~0.03 part of CoCL2 6H2O, 0.1~0.2 part
After vitamin B1,0.01~0.02 part of biotin and 1000 parts of deionized waters are mixed, regulation pH value is 5~6.5, at 121 DEG C
Under carry out sterilization treatment after, obtain nutrient solution.
6. the high-efficiency breeding method of a kind of Tilapia mossambica according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Described diatom is prong
One or more in bar algae, star bar algae, small head end rhombus algae and ancon shank algae.
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| CN107409883A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-12-01 | 广西沙田仙人滩农业投资有限公司 | A kind of rice set supports Tilapia mossambica high-yield cultivation method |
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