CN106852167B - 低温压力容器 - Google Patents

低温压力容器 Download PDF

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CN106852167B
CN106852167B CN201580055080.3A CN201580055080A CN106852167B CN 106852167 B CN106852167 B CN 106852167B CN 201580055080 A CN201580055080 A CN 201580055080A CN 106852167 B CN106852167 B CN 106852167B
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pressure vessel
vessel
barrier layer
plastic material
layer
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CN106852167A (zh
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L·埃加特纳
S·黑滕科费尔
K·昆泽
H-U·斯塔尔
T·古特曼
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • B60K15/00—Arrangement in connection with fuel supply of combustion engines or other fuel consuming energy converters, e.g. fuel cells; Mounting or construction of fuel tanks
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车的低温压力容器(40)，其包括内部容器(10)和外部容器(30)。在内部容器(10)和外部容器(30)之间至少在部分区域上设有抽真空空间(V)。内部容器(10)具有塑料材料层(14)。在塑料材料层(14)和抽真空空间(V)之间至少在部分区域上设有阻挡层(16)。这样构造和设置该阻挡层(16)，使得阻挡层至少减少从塑料材料层(14)中逸出的组成成分转入抽真空空间(V)中，在阻挡层(16)和塑料材料层(14)之间至少在部分区域上构成间隙。

Description

低温压力容器
技术领域
本文公开的技术涉及一种低温压力容器。
背景技术
低温压力容器由现有技术已知。这种压力容器包括内部容器和外部容器，外部容器在形成抽真空(中间)空间的情况下包围内部容器。低温压力容器例如用于如下的机动车，在这些机动车中，在环境条件下为气态的燃料低温地并且因此在液态或超临界聚集态中基本上以明显高于环境条件的密度被存储。这种燃料例如在约30K至330K的温度下存储于低温压力容器中。当压力容器的隔离不足时，存储在未运行车辆中的燃料缓慢加热。在此，压力容器中的压力同时逐渐上升。当超过极限压力时，燃料必须通过安全阀逸出，以避免低温压力容器爆裂。因此，压力容器需要极好的热隔离，以便尽可能防止不希望的热渗透到低温存储的介质中。因此，为了防止热渗透而设置高效的隔离套、如真空套。例如EP1546601 B1公开了一种这样的低温压力容器。本申请人的DE 102005055 321 A1公开了一种具有金属或陶瓷涂层的容器。DE 102004011653 A1公开了一种具有气密的辐射屏蔽板的压力容器。
发明内容
本文公开的技术的任务在于，改善低温压力容器或提供一种替代方案。所述任务通过如下的技术方案来解决，即，用于机动车的低温压力容器包括内部容器和外部容器，其中，在内部容器和外部容器之间至少在部分区域上设有抽真空空间，内部容器具有塑料材料层，在塑料材料层和抽真空空间之间至少在部分区域上设有阻挡层，该阻挡层构造和设置成，使得所述阻挡层至少减少从塑料材料层中逸出的组成成分转入抽真空空间中，在阻挡层和塑料材料层之间至少在部分区域上构成间隙。
本文公开的技术涉及一种用于机动车的低温压力容器。优选地，燃料在低于350K、特别优选低于300K的温度下存储于压力容器中。
这种低温压力容器包括内部容器和外部容器。在内部容器中存储燃料。外部容器优选朝向外部封闭压力容器。在内部容器和外部容器之间至少在部分区域上设有抽真空(中间)空间。该空间V大部分被抽真空。抽真空空间V构成特别好的热隔离。内部容器具有塑料材料层。优选地，该塑料材料层构造在内部容器的内衬上。在塑料材料层和抽真空空间V之间至少在部分区域上设有阻挡层。这样构造和设置该阻挡层，使得阻挡层至少减少、优选甚至完全阻止从塑料材料层中逸出的组成成分转入抽真空空间V中。
塑料易于在真空下析气。存在于塑料中的可能的夹杂物在此缓慢进入真空中。塑料材料层的进入真空中的组成成分、如在制造塑料材料层时被封入的夹杂气体降低了抽真空空间V的隔离性能。没有完全反应的初始材料(树脂和固化剂)或具有不利的蒸汽压力曲线的添加剂也不利地影响真空。因此，低温压力容器的热性能基于所述析气而逐渐减弱。根据本文公开的技术提出，在塑料材料层和抽真空空间V之间设置阻挡层。因此，仅相对少量塑料材料层组成成分或甚至没有塑料材料层组成成分进入抽真空空间V中，从而容器隔离可得到显著改善或者说随时间更加稳定。
塑料材料层可构造为纤维增强的塑料层压物。优选地，纤维增强的塑料层压物包围内衬。作为内衬例如可使用铝内衬或钢内衬。此外优选地，内衬本身可由纤维增强的塑料层压物制成，或纤维增强的塑料层压物本身包围内衬。在内衬内部I中可低温存储燃料。这种纤维增强塑料层压物显著提高了内部容器的强度。
优选的，内部容器构造用于在约0barg至约900barg的压力下、进一步优选在约5barg至约750barg的压力下、并且特别优选在约20barg至约350barg的压力下存储流体。
阻挡层可将纤维增强的塑料层压物基本上气密地与抽真空空间V分离。尤其是在例如通过卷绕和/或编织来制造纤维增强的塑料层压物时，经常可能会出现夹杂气体，这些夹杂气体不能完全被去除。在本文公开的技术中，这些夹杂气体不会对压力容器的长期隔离性能造成不利影响。同时，基于相对高的内部容器压力结合低温而可以在内部容器中存储相对多的燃料。
有利的是，阻挡层本身构成内部容器相对于抽真空空间V的边界或者说最外层。
优选地，阻挡层本身具有至少不向抽真空空间V析气的材料。该边界优选由不析气的材料制成，从而避免由于阻挡层析气而削弱隔离。阻挡层可由金属、尤其是由铝、钢和/或铜及其合金制成。
有利的是，阻挡层可构造为表面涂层。阻挡层例如可具有与塑料材料层相同的热膨胀系数。
在阻挡层和塑料材料层之间也可以至少在部分区域上构成间隙。例如可这样确定该间隙的尺寸，使得可补偿不同材料层(如内衬、塑料材料层和/或阻挡层)的不同热膨胀。间隙中也可积聚析气。优选这样构造间隙，使得析气不能进入抽真空空间中。
附图说明
现在参考附图详细说明本文公开的技术。附图如下：
图1为低温压力容器40的示意性横剖视图；
图1a为图1的细节A处的放大图；和
图2为压力容器40的另一示意性横剖视图。
具体实施方式
在图1中示出低温压力容器40，其在此通过两个悬挂装置50固定到车辆车身(未示出)上。压力容器40包括内部容器10和外部容器30。内部容器10设置在外部容器30内部。在内部容器10和外部容器30之间设有抽真空空间V。内部容器10在其两个端部上与外部容器30连接。
图1a放大示出内部容器10的结构。径向外侧设有阻挡层16，该阻挡层在此完全地且密封地包围纤维增强的塑料层压物14。也可规定，塑料层压物14仅包围内衬12的一部分、如圆柱区域。因此阻挡层16仅包围该区域即可。塑料层压物14包围内衬12，内衬在此构造为铝内衬12。例如，该层压物层14能以卷绕方法被施加。阻挡层16防止存在于塑料层压物14中的可能的夹杂物或具有不利蒸汽压力曲线的局部存在的组成成分进入抽真空空间V中。由此可实现具有相对高的流体存储体积和相对良好的长期热隔离的低温压力容器40。
图2示出与图1和1a所示压力容器类似的压力容器40。因此下面仅说明区别或补充。与第一种实例不同，在此在阻挡层16和塑料材料层14之间设有间隙。该间隙可在内部容器10的整个圆周区域或者说周面区域上延伸并且伸入内部容器10的侧面区域中。间隙在此构成气密空间R。在空间R中可积聚气体，所述气体例如从塑料材料层14渗出。适宜的是，这样构造压力容器40，使得可从外部分析气密空间R中的气体成分。为此可使用安装在空间R中的传感器。特别优选的是，气密空间R包括至少一个检测接口RA，该检测接口从外部容器30引出。因此可简单地检测析气。替代或附加地，可通过该检测接口将气密空间R至少在一定程度上抽真空。所述检测接口因此用作抽真空接口。在阻挡层16之外可设置至少一个辐射隔离装置18。作为内衬12在此例如可使用塑料内衬12。
本发明的上述描述仅用于说明目的并且不用于限制本发明。在本发明范围中可在不背离本发明范围及其技术等价物的情况下实现各种改进和改型。

Claims (8)

1.用于机动车的低温压力容器(40)，包括内部容器(10)和外部容器(30)，其中，在内部容器(10)和外部容器(30)之间至少在部分区域上设有抽真空空间(V)，内部容器(10)具有塑料材料层(14)，该塑料材料层在外侧包围内部容器的内衬(12)，在塑料材料层(14)和抽真空空间(V)之间至少在部分区域上设有阻挡层(16)，该阻挡层(16)构造和设置成，使得所述阻挡层至少减少从塑料材料层(14)中逸出的组成成分转入抽真空空间(V)中，在阻挡层(16)和塑料材料层(14)之间至少在部分区域上构成间隙，所述间隙的尺寸设计成，使得能补偿内衬、塑料材料层和阻挡层的不同热膨胀，所述间隙在内部容器(10)的整个周面区域上延伸并且伸入内部容器(10)的侧面区域中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的低温压力容器(40)，其中，所述塑料材料层(14)是纤维增强的塑料层压物，该塑料层压物包围内衬(12)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的低温压力容器(40)，其中，所述阻挡层(16)将纤维增强的塑料层压物基本上气密地与抽真空空间(V)分离。
4.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的低温压力容器(40)，其中，所述阻挡层(16)具有不向抽真空空间(V)析气的材料。
5.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的低温压力容器(40)，其中，所述阻挡层(16)由金属制成。
6.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的低温压力容器(40)，其中，所述间隙构成气密空间(R)，并且压力容器(40)构造成，使得能从外部分析气密空间(R)中的气体成分。
7.根据权利要求6所述的低温压力容器(40)，其中，所述气密空间(R)具有至少一个检测接口(RA)，并且该检测接口(RA)从外部容器引出。
8.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的低温压力容器(40)，其中，在阻挡层(16)之外设有至少一个辐射隔离装置(18)。
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