CN106831651B - 一种羟基化离子液体型水合物抑制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种羟基化离子液体型水合物抑制剂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106831651B
CN106831651B CN201611237520.XA CN201611237520A CN106831651B CN 106831651 B CN106831651 B CN 106831651B CN 201611237520 A CN201611237520 A CN 201611237520A CN 106831651 B CN106831651 B CN 106831651B
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龙臻
何勇
梁德青
李栋梁
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    • C07D295/00Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
    • C07D295/04Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms
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    • C07D295/088Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly bound oxygen or sulfur atoms with the ring nitrogen atoms and the oxygen or sulfur atoms attached to the same carbon chain, which is not interrupted by carbocyclic rings to an acyclic saturated chain
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种结构式如式Ⅰ所示的羟基化离子液体型水合物抑制剂,该水合物抑制剂由N‑羟乙基‑N‑甲基哌啶阳离子和阴离子按摩尔比1:1构成;该抑制剂电导率高、热稳定性好、不易挥发、可生物降解、无毒、对环境友好且抑制性能高效,在0.5wt%~3.0wt%的低剂量浓度下可有效抑制水合物生成,试剂成本大大降低,具有广泛的适用性,既可以单独使用,也可以与商用动力学抑制混合使用,具有广阔应用的前景。其中R1为羟乙基,R2为甲基,X为Cl或者Br

Description

一种羟基化离子液体型水合物抑制剂及其制备方法
技术领域:
本发明涉及化工技术领域,具体涉及一种羟基化离子液体型水合物抑制剂及其制备方法。
背景技术:
由于气体水合物生成造成的管道堵塞,容易引发生产事故和经济损失,长期困扰着油气生产和输运部门。随着深海油气田开采的不断深入,深水低温、强换热的恶劣条件,严重威胁海底生产系统的安全,特别是水合物问题更加突出。
常规的水合物抑制技术,一般都是直接往管路中注入甲醇、乙二醇、盐类等热力学水合物抑制剂,通过改变水合物生成热力学条件实现抑制水合物生成。该类抑制剂须在高浓度条件下才能发挥作用,使用浓度一般高达20%~60%。盐含量高的抑制剂容易腐蚀管道和钻井设备,温度过低时会产生析盐效应,影响抑制性能。醇类热力学抑制剂则工业成本高,相应的存储和注入设备庞大,难以回收,有毒,会影响海洋生态环境。另一种控制水合物生成的方法是添加动力学抑制剂,多为水溶性聚合物,在低剂量(<5wt%)下,可延缓水合物晶体成核或者生长速率。但该类化学物质的抑制性能受水合物结构类型、过冷度和水的化学性质等因素影响,有一定的应用限制。
发明内容:
本发明的目的是提供一种羟基化离子液体型水合物抑制剂及其制备方法,该抑制剂电导率高、热稳定性好、不易挥发、可生物降解、无毒、对环境友好且抑制性能高效,在0.5wt%~3.0wt%的低剂量浓度下可有效抑制水合物生成。
本发明是通过以下技术方案予以实现的:
一种结构式如式Ⅰ所示的羟基化离子液体型水合物抑制剂,该水合物抑制剂由N-羟乙基-N-甲基哌啶阳离子和阴离子按摩尔比1:1构成;
其中R1为羟乙基,R2为甲基,X-为Cl-或者Br-
所述水合物抑制剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:在惰性气氛保护下,将N-甲基哌啶与羟基化试剂按摩尔比1:1~1:2添加在有机溶剂中,所述有机溶剂与N-甲基哌啶的质量比1:1~1.5:1,60~80℃条件下搅拌反应72小时,将产物从残留的液体中分离出来,并收集洗涤、真空干燥即得到羟基化离子液体型水合物抑制剂。
所述羟基化试剂优选为2-溴乙醇或2-氯乙醇,所述有机溶剂优选为乙腈、二氯甲烷或四氯化碳。
所述水合物抑制剂的合成路线如下:
其中X为Cl或者Br。
将产物从残留的液体中分离出来具体指:用分液漏斗或者滤纸将熔融态的反应产物从残留液体中分离出来。
所述洗涤具体指将产物在丙酮或二氯甲烷中反复洗涤。
所述的真空干燥具体是:洗涤后产物置于旋转蒸发仪中,70℃,真空度为0.01MPa下减压蒸馏48小时除去有机溶剂。
本发明还保护所述羟基化离子液体型水合物抑制剂的应用,所述羟基化离子液体型水合物抑制剂使用时相对于体系中水的浓度为0.5wt%~3wt%,适用压力为1~15MPa,温度为-10~25℃。
特别地,所述羟基化离子液体型水合物抑制剂与聚乙烯已内酰胺(简称为PVCap,分子量范围5000~10000)按质量比1:1配合使用时,产生协同作用,抑制效果显著提高。
所述羟基化离子液体型水合物抑制剂与聚N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(简称为PVPK90)按质量比1:1配合使用时,产生协同作用,抑制效果显著提高。
本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明的羟基化离子液体型水合物抑制剂电导率高、热稳定性好、不易挥发、可生物降解、无毒、对环境友好且抑制性能高效,在0.5wt%~3wt%的低剂量浓度下可有效抑制水合物生成,试剂成本大大降低,具有广泛的适用性,既可以单独使用,也可以与商用动力学抑制混合使用,具有广阔应用的前景。
具体实施方式:
以下是对本发明的进一步说明,而不是对本发明的限制。
实施例1:羟基化离子液体型水合物抑制剂的合成
向装有回流冷凝器、温度计、搅拌器和氮气出入口的500mL三口反应瓶中分别加入0.3mol无色液体N-甲基哌啶和0.3mol无色液体2-氯乙醇、200毫升的乙腈。通入氮气搅拌加热至70℃,反应72小时。利用分液漏斗将固态反应产物N-羟乙基-N-甲基哌啶氯盐([HEMPip][Cl])从热的混合溶液中分离出来。用丙酮反复冲洗反应产物。置于旋转蒸发仪中,在温度为70℃,真空度为0.01MPa条件下真空干燥,持续48小时,得到羟基化离子液体型水合物抑制剂N-羟乙基-N-甲基哌啶氯盐,产率90%。其氢谱数据如下:1H NMR(D2O,400MHz,ppm):1.95–2.01(2H,m),2.05(4H,s),3.12(3H,s),3.41–3.49(2H,m),3.56–3.59(4H,t),3.80–3.81(2H,m),5.76-5.79(1H,t).
实施例2:羟基化离子液体型水合物抑制剂的合成
向装有回流冷凝器、温度计、搅拌器和氮气出入口的500mL三口反应瓶中分别加入0.3mol无色液体N-甲基哌啶和0.3mol无色液体2-溴乙醇、200毫升的乙腈。通入氮气搅拌加热至70℃,反应72小时。利用分液漏斗将固态反应产物N-羟乙基-N-甲基哌啶溴盐([HEMPip][Br])从热的混合液中分离出来。用丙酮反复冲洗反应产物。置于旋转蒸发仪中,在温度为70℃,真空度为0.01MPa条件下真空干燥,持续48小时,得到羟基化离子液体型水合物抑制剂N-羟乙基-N-甲基哌啶溴盐([HEMPip][Br]),产率90%。其氢谱数据如下:1HNMR(D2O,400MHz,ppm):1.88–1.95(2H,m),2.03(4H,s),3.10(3H,s),3.37–3.45(2H,m),3.50–3.53(4H,t),3.80–3.81(2H,m),5.74-5.77(1H,t).
实施例3:抑制效果评价
采用高压水合物抑制剂性能评价装置测试抑制剂的效果,该装置包括高压反应釜、温度和压力传感器、搅拌系统、恒温控制系统、抽真空、气体增压和数据采集系统。其中反应釜容积300mL;搅拌速率0~1000rpm;压力测量范围0-20MPa,测量精度0.1%;温度测量范围-40~50℃,精度为0.05℃。系统可实时监控实验温度、压力、转速等参数,并自动储存。
反应前用去离子水将反应釜清洗干净,然后将配置好的一定浓度的120mL溶液加入到反应釜中,将温度降至274.15K,抽真空。待温度稳定后,通入甲烷气体,直至实验压力7MPa。开启搅拌,搅拌速率设为800rpm。如果水合物生成,此时压力会下降,温度会升高,转速会减慢。反之,实验过程体系压力和温度变化趋势一致或者基本保持不变,说明基本没有水合物生成,抑制作用良好。根据实验温度、压力变化曲线,可得到从搅拌开始0时刻到水合物开始生成的时间,以此时间定义为水合物生成抑制时间,作为水合物抑制剂抑制性能的评价指标。
将去离子水、聚N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(简称PVPK90)、聚乙烯已内酰胺(简称PVCap)、实施例1和实施例2得到的羟基化离子液体型水合物抑制剂分别按照表1中的配比和质量浓度加入水合物抑制性能评价实验装置的反应釜中进行测试,利用水合物抑制性能评价实验装置评价其抑制性能,结果列于表1。
表1不同水合物抑制剂的抑制性能测试结果
其中聚N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮(简称PVPK90)、聚乙烯已内酰胺(简称PVCap)均为商用动力学抑制剂,分别由美国ISP公司和德国BASF公司生产。
从表1数据可看出,在低浓度下,对I型甲烷水合物而言,本发明的羟基化离子液体型水合物抑制剂优于PVPK90。而且本发明与上述两种商用动力学抑制剂复合后能产生协同作用,可显著提高其抑制性能。

Claims (2)

1.一种羟基化离子液体型水合物抑制剂的应用,所述羟基化离子液体型水合物抑制剂结构式如式Ⅰ所示,该水合物抑制剂由N-羟乙基-N-甲基哌啶阳离子和阴离子按摩尔比1:1构成;
其中R1为羟乙基,R2为甲基,X-为Cl-或者Br-;所述羟基化离子液体型水合物抑制剂使用时相对于体系中水的浓度为0.5wt%~3wt%,适用压力为1~15MPa,温度为-10~25℃,所述水合物抑制剂使用时与聚乙烯已内酰胺或聚N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮一起配合使用,所述水合物抑制剂与聚乙烯已内酰胺按质量比1:1配合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的水合物动力学抑制剂的应用,其特征在于,所述羟基化离子液体型水合物抑制剂与聚N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮质量比1:1。
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