CN106831371A - 一种催化氧化制备苯甲醛新方法 - Google Patents
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- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 49
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 19
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title abstract description 18
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title abstract description 5
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- KNXPFMVGVXFGCU-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium cobalt(2+) triacetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Co++].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O KNXPFMVGVXFGCU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- KIEOKOFEPABQKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium dichromate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O KIEOKOFEPABQKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium Chemical compound [U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U] DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/27—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation
- C07C45/29—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation of hydroxy groups
- C07C45/294—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation of hydroxy groups with hydrogen peroxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/89—Silicates, aluminosilicates or borosilicates of titanium, zirconium or hafnium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
- C07C45/27—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation
- C07C45/32—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen
- C07C45/37—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with molecular oxygen of >C—O—functional groups to >C=O groups
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2229/00—Aspects of molecular sieve catalysts not covered by B01J29/00
- B01J2229/30—After treatment, characterised by the means used
- B01J2229/34—Reaction with organic or organometallic compounds
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明是提供一种催化氧化制备苯甲醛新方法。本发明以甲苯、苯甲醇或其混合物为原料,氧气、空气、过氧化氢或叔丁基过氧化氢为氧化剂,利用金属改性TS‑1为催化剂,以乙腈、水、乙酸或甲醇为溶剂,经一步氧化反应得到苯甲醛,具有反应条件温和,选择性好和产率高的优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种催化氧化制备苯甲醛新方法。具体地说,是涉及一种催化氧化甲苯、苯甲醇或其混合物制备苯甲醛的方法,属于化合物制造领域,尤其是农药、医药和染料中间体的制造技术。
技术背景
苯甲醛是重要的有机中间体,可用于医药、香料、染料、食品和农药等行业,目前工业制备方法主要有亚苄基二氯水解法,甲苯气相、液相氧化法,苄醇氧化法,甲苯间接电氧化法和苯甲酸或其酯还原法。
亚苄基二氯水解法应用较广,具体是指将甲苯在适当条件下进行侧链氯化,得到亚苄基二氯,再将亚苄基二氯在酸性或碱性条件下水解,最后对水解液进行精镏可得苯甲醛,副产为苯甲酸,该方法优点是反应简单,工艺成熟,缺点是反应步骤多,收率不高,腐蚀污染严重,三废排放多,不符合原子经济性。
甲苯的气相氧化法常用钒、钼、铀、铁等过渡金属的氧化物做催化剂,采用固定床工艺,用空气或氧气做氧化剂,在高温(350~550℃),高空速条件下反应来制备苯甲醛,反应转化率不足10%,选择性低于80%。据吴泽彪等人报道,采用膜反应器代替固定床工艺,可大大提高了转化率,转化率高达19%,选择性为79%(高校化学工程学报,1999,13(5):485~488)。
甲苯液相氧化法大多数是以钴或锰的卤化物或有机酸盐为催化剂,以空气为氧化剂,溴做助催化剂来制备苯甲醛。该工艺方法国外应用较早,国内发展较慢。Borgaonkar HV在Ind Eng Chem Prod Res Dev,1984,23(3):455~458报道,采用醋酸钴做催化剂,溴化钠或三聚乙醛为助催化剂,在醋酸溶剂中催化氧化甲苯,当甲苯的转化率在10%左右,苯甲醛选择性大于90%。世界上最大的甲苯氧化工厂是位于荷兰鹿特丹市的DSM公司,每年生产400kt以上的苯甲酸,也是世界上最大的苯甲醛生产基地,1996年的产量为10kt,苯甲醛是甲苯氧化制备苯甲酸的副产物。
苄醇氧化脱氢制苯甲醛常用CrO3或重铬酸盐(Na2Cr2O7、ZnCr2O7·3H2O)作氧化剂,产率较高,但存在产品分离困难及铬污染问题。Jia等在Journal of Molecular CatalysisA:Chemical,2009,306(1~2):123~129报道碱液改性的ZSM-5沸石分子筛催化双氧水氧化苯甲醇制备苯甲醛,苯甲醇的转化率为53%,苯甲醛选择性为86%,避免了催化剂造成环境污染的问题,但是催化剂回用较差,活性中心易流失。
吴鑫干等人在(精细石油化工,2002(4):57-63)指出甲苯间接电氧化法和苯甲酸或其酯还原法有产率不高和污染严重的问题,有待进一步提高和完善。
近年来,分子筛作为一种新型的多相催化剂,由于其具有优异的吸附性能、离子交换能力和良好的催化活性及择形选择性,在石油的催化裂化领域得到广泛应用。自从TS-1催化剂发明以来,由于其特有的择形催化性能,在以H2O2做氧化剂参与的各类反应中均表现出优越的催化性能。例如:烯烃的环氧化、环己酮的氨氧化、醇类的氧化、饱和烃的氧化和芳烃(苯酚及苯)的羟基化。
Guoqiang Wu等人在RSC Adv.,2016,6,101071-101078报道中指出TS-1催化剂本身存在反应活性不高和稳定性较差的缺点,通过人为的添加金属元素,形成金属改性TS-1催化剂,可以大大提高TS-1催化剂的反应活性和稳定性。Chiang Mai等人在J.Sci.2008;35(1):178-187中利用Fe、Al、V、Co修饰的TS-1催化剂催化苯和烷基苯的羟基化反应,LingyanKong等人在Energy&Fuels 2006,20,896-902中利用Ag修饰的TS-1催化剂催化氧化石油中的有机硫脱硫反应,Xiang Feng等人在Applied Catalysis B:Environmental 150-151(2014)396-401中利用Au修饰的TS-1催化剂催化丙烯的环氧化反应,Guoqiang Wu在RSCAdv.,2016,6,101071-101078中利用Cu修饰TS-1催化苯酚的羟基化反应,都取得较好的效果。目前尚未见利用金属改性的TS-1催化剂催化甲苯、苯甲醇或其混合物氧化来制备苯甲醛的文献报道。
综上所述,基于金属改性的TS-1催化剂有较好的反应活性和稳定性,该发明设计利用金属改性的TS-1催化剂催化甲苯或苯甲醇的氧化,一步反应制备苯甲醛,收率在15%~85%,苯甲醛选择性在80-99%。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提出一种催化合成苯甲醛的方法。具体是指以甲苯、苯甲醇或其混合物为原料,采用金属改性TS-1做催化剂,以过氧化氢、叔丁基过氧化氢、空气或氧气做氧化剂,以乙腈、甲醇、乙酸或水做溶剂,温度控制在0~200℃,反应1~48小时,得到苯甲醛,收率为15%~85%,选择性为80-99%。
本发明方法与现有方法相比,具有以下优点:
(1)本方法以甲苯、苯甲醇或其混合物为原料,用催化氧化一步法代替原来工艺的亚苄基二氯水解法,可以有效降低生产成本,提高企业的经济效益。
(2)采用环境友好的氧气、过氧化氢、空气或叔丁基过氧化氢为氧化剂。其优点在于氧化剂对环境没有危害,反应原子经济性好,有利于工业化生产。
(3)以甲醇、乙腈、水或乙酸等为反应溶剂,不仅可以大大降低生产成本,减少对设备的腐蚀,符合清洁化生产,同时也提高了生产过程中的安全性。
(4)本方法反应条件相对温和,操作简便,安全系数高。
为理解本发明,首先介绍TS-1催化剂的制备及改性操作。
Changwei Hu等人在RSC Adv.,2013,3,21628-21635中实验部分详细介绍了TS-1催化剂及金属Cu改性的TS-1催化剂的制备过程。本发明所用金属Cu改性的TS-1催化剂均采用此文献中报道的方法制备,且金属改性的TS-1催化剂的标记方法与所引文献保持完全一致。其余金属改性的TS-1催化剂均采用完全类似的方法制备,不同之处在于将文献中所用Cu(Ac)2溶液改为NH4VO3溶液制备V-TS-1,将文献中所用Cu(Ac)2溶液改为Fe(NO3)3溶液制备Fe-TS-1,将文献中所用Cu(Ac)2溶液改为Co(NO3)2溶液制备Co-TS-1,将文献中所用Cu(Ac)2溶液改为Zn(NO3)2溶液制备Zn-TS-1。
为更好地理解本发明,下面通过实施例来具体说明本发明中合成方法的最佳反应条件和配比,实施例1中的Cu-TS-1-1表示1%的Cu-TS-1(Cu∶TS-1=1∶100质量比),其他实施例中催化剂的表示方法类似。
实施例1:称取0.2g Cu-TS-1-1催化剂,2.76g甲苯,5.8g 35%过氧化氢溶于30mL乙腈中,于50mL圆底烧瓶中回流反应4h,经HPLC定量苯甲醛收率23%,选择性80%。
实施例2:具体过程同实施例1,不同之处在于将Cu-TS-1-1催化剂改为Cu-TS-1-5催化剂,经HPLC定量苯甲醛收率35%,选择性88%。
实施例3:具体过程同实施例1,不同之处在于将Cu-TS-1-1催化剂改为Cu-TS-1-10催化剂,经HPLC定量苯甲醛收率43%,选择性89%。
实施例4:具体过程同实施例1,不同之处在于将Cu-TS-1-1催化剂改为V-TS-1-1催化剂,经HPLC定量苯甲醛收率40%,选择性83%。
实施例5:具体过程同实施例1,不同之处在于将Cu-TS-1-1催化剂改为Fe-TS-1-1催化剂,经HPLC定量苯甲醛收率21%,选择性84%。
实施例6:具体过程同实施例1,不同之处在于将Cu-TS-1-1催化剂改为Co-TS-1-1催化剂,经HPLC定量苯甲醛收率18%,选择性85%。
实施例7:具体过程同实施例1,不同之处在于将Cu-TS-1-1催化剂改为Zn-TS-1-1催化剂,经HPLC定量苯甲醛收率16%,选择性84%。
实施例8:具体过程同实施例1,不同之处在于将35%过氧化氢改为3.87g70%叔丁基过氧化氢,经HPLC定量苯甲醛收率18%,选择性89%。
实施例9:具体过程同实施例1,不同之处在于将35%过氧化氢改为100g空气,经HPLC定量苯甲醛收率17%,选择性88%。
实施例10:具体过程同实施例1,不同之处在于将35%过氧化氢改为20g氧气,经HPLC定量苯甲醛收率34%,选择性87%。
实施例11:具体过程同实施例1,不同之处在于将乙腈改为乙酸,经HPLC定量苯甲醛收率36%,选择性88%。
实施例12:具体过程同实施例1,不同之处在于将乙腈改为甲醇,经HPLC定量苯甲醛收率19%,选择性88%。
实施例13:具体过程同实施例1,不同之处在于将乙腈改为水,经HPLC定量苯甲醛收率29%,选择性87%。
实施例14:称取0.06g Cu-TS-1-1催化剂,1.08g苯甲醇,0.64g 70%叔丁基过氧化氢溶于10mL乙腈中,于15mL密封管中50℃反应4h,经HPLC定量苯甲醛收率80.37%,选择性95.23%。
实施例15:具体过程同实施例14,不同之处在于将Cu-TS-1-1催化剂改为Cu-TS-1-5催化剂,经HPLC定量苯甲醛收率85%,选择性91%。
实施例16:具体过程同实施例14,不同之处在于将Cu-TS-1-1催化剂改为Cu-TS-1-10催化剂,经HPLC定量苯甲醛收率89%,选择性94%。
实施例17:具体过程同实施例14,不同之处在于将Cu-TS-1-1催化剂改为V-TS-1-1催化剂,经HPLC定量苯甲醛收率89%,选择性91%。
实施例18:具体过程同实施例14,不同之处在于将Cu-TS-1-1催化剂改为Fe-TS-1-1催化剂,经HPLC定量苯甲醛收率68%,选择性87%。
实施例19:具体过程同实施例14,不同之处在于将Cu-TS-1-1催化剂改为Co-TS-1-1催化剂,经HPLC定量苯甲醛收率73%,选择性89%。
实施例20:具体过程同实施例14,不同之处在于将Cu-TS-1-1催化剂改为Zn-TS-1-1催化剂,经HPLC定量苯甲醛收率71%,选择性80%。
实施例21:具体过程同实施例14,不同之处在于将70%叔丁基过氧化氢改为2.9g35%过氧化氢,经HPLC定量苯甲醛收率83%,选择性80%。
实施例22:具体过程同实施例14,不同之处在于将35%过氧化氢改为100g空气,经HPLC定量苯甲醛收率76%,选择性83%。
实施例23:具体过程同实施例14,不同之处在于将35%过氧化氢改为20g氧气,经HPLC定量苯甲醛收率82%,选择性89%。
实施例24:具体过程同实施例14,不同之处在于将乙腈改为乙酸,经HPLC定量苯甲醛收率85%,选择性88%。
实施例25:具体过程同实施例14,不同之处在于将乙腈改为甲醇,经HPLC定量苯甲醛收率74%,选择性90%。
实施例26:具体过程同实施例14,不同之处在于将乙腈改为水,经HPLC定量苯甲醛收率64%,选择性85%。
实施例27:具体过程同实施例1,不同之处在于将底物改为2.76g甲苯和1.08g苯甲醇的混合物,经HPLC定量苯甲醛收率57%,选择性89%。
虽然已经用优选实施例详述了本发明,然而其并非用于限定本发明。任何本领域的技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,应当可以作出各种修改与变更。因此本发明的保护范围应当视为所附的权利要求书所限定的范围。
Claims (5)
1.一种苯甲醛的合成方法,其特征在于:以甲苯、苯甲醇或其混合物为原料,采用金属改性TS-1做催化剂,在溶剂中与氧化剂在0~200℃反应1~48小时,得到苯甲醛,苯甲醛收率为15%~85%,选择性为80~99%。
2.如权利要求1所述苯甲醛的合成方法,其特征在于:氧化剂为过氧化氢、叔丁基过氧化氢、氧气和空气中的一种或一种以上组合。
3.如权利要求1所述的苯甲醛的合成方法,其特征在于:催化剂为金属改性TS-1,其中金属为:V、Cu、Fe、Zn和Co中的一种或一种以上组合。
4.如权利要求1所述的苯甲醛的合成方法,其特征在于:溶剂为乙腈、甲醇、乙酸和水中的一种或一种以上组合。
5.如权利要求1所述的苯甲醛的合成方法,其特征在于:TS-1改性催化剂金属负载量为1%~10%(金属和TS-1的重量比)。
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