CN106810205B - 一种高强度透水砖及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种高强度透水砖及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106810205B
CN106810205B CN201710044772.9A CN201710044772A CN106810205B CN 106810205 B CN106810205 B CN 106810205B CN 201710044772 A CN201710044772 A CN 201710044772A CN 106810205 B CN106810205 B CN 106810205B
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俞平利
王俊杰
许聪娣
卢建勋
谢锋
施忆
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高强度透水砖及其制备方法,是将废钢化玻璃破碎球磨至大于80目,与废砂砾(60至80目)和碳酸钙粉末(大于80目)混合后加到石膏模具中,加热至800℃左右脱模形成基层(厚度48至50mm),然后将水泥、水、沙子(30至60目)混合后与活性炭(大于60目)混合形成面层材料,涂覆于基层表面并固化形成面层(厚度3至5mm),从而制得高强度透水砖,其透水系数≧15×10‑2cm/s,保水性≧2.2g/cm2,抗压强度≧25MPa。本发明利用了废碎钢化玻璃自身强度高,低温熔融、熔融状态下具有胶黏性以及熔融状态下与碳酸钙等反应结晶的特性,降低了烧结的温度同时保证了成品的强度,实现了对废钢化玻璃和废沙砾的二次利用,制得的透水砖绿色环保经济并且综合性能好。

Description

一种高强度透水砖及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑材料领域,特别是涉及一种高强度透水砖及其制备方法。
背景技术
城市人行道路以及公共活动区域等多铺设砖块以维持美观以及平整性。现有的普通砖块多是采用粘土压制后烧结成型,透水性能较差,在降雨时由于地表的硬化使得雨水对地下水的补充被阻断造成持续不断的地表沉降,此外,由于下雨时雨水排泄不畅,地表径流增多,容易引起城市内涝。透水砖具有良好的渗水性及保湿性,可以有效缓解不透水硬化地面对城市生态造成的负面影响,因而取代普通砖块在城市地面建设中得到了广泛的应用。
传统工艺中,透水砖是采用矿渣废料、陶瓷废料为原料,经两次成型,高温烧成,烧结温度较高(大于1000℃),制造过程复杂,能耗大,而现有降低烧结温度的手段均伴随着机械强度的降低,产品易开裂破碎,性能差。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种高强度透水砖及其制备方法,以在低于1000℃的烧结温度下得到机械性能及透水性能优异的高强度透水砖。
本发明提供的一种高强度透水砖包括了基层以及覆设于所述基层表面的面层,所述基层的原料由质量分数为30-35%的废钢化玻璃粉、0.5-1.5%的碳酸钙以及63.5-69.5%的废砂砾组成,所述面层的原料由质量比为2:1-1.5:5-6的水泥、水和沙子以及所述水泥、水和沙子总质量的5-10%的活性炭组成;其中所述废钢化玻璃粉的筛分粒度大于80目,所述碳酸钙粉末的筛分粒度大于80目,所述废砂砾的筛分粒度为60-80目,面层材料的沙子的筛分粒度为30-60目,所述活性炭的筛分粒度大于60目。
优选的,所述基层的厚度为48-50mm,所述面层的厚度为3-5mm。
本发明还提供了上述高强度透水砖的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)将废钢化玻璃破碎后球磨,筛分粒级得到大于80目的废钢化玻璃粉;
2)将所述质量分数比例的大于80目的废钢化玻璃粉、碳酸钙以及60至80目的废砂砾混合均匀,加到石膏模具中,再放入炉膛内加热,加热工艺为:50-60分钟升高到550-600℃,50-80分钟升到780-850℃,保温10-30分钟,20-30分钟降到400-550℃停止加热,冷却后脱模得到所述基层;
3)将水泥、水和30-60目的沙子按所述质量比混合均匀,再加入所述比例的大于60目的活性炭混合均匀得到面层材料,将所述面层材料涂覆于所述基层表面形成所述面层,固化5-7天,得到所述高强度透水砖。
优选的,所述加热工艺为:50-60分钟升高到550-600℃,55-70分钟左右升到780-820℃,保温15-25分钟,20-30分钟降到450-520℃停止加热,冷却后脱模得到所述基层。
优选的,所述加热工艺为:50-60分钟升高到550-600℃,60分钟左右升到800℃,保温20分钟,20-30分钟降到500℃停止加热。
相对于现有技术,本发明的有益效果是:本发明是利用废玻璃和废砂制作的,解决了废玻璃的去向问题,保护环境并且生产的成本低,透水性能与强度都比普通产品优越。
钢化玻璃具有压应力,因而难以进行再切割以及再加工,容易废弃,本发明实现了对废钢化玻璃的再利用,将废钢化玻璃粉碎后与碳酸钙和废砂砾混合在800℃左右的较低温度下烧结制备透水砖,利用了废碎钢化玻璃自身强度高,低温熔融、熔融状态下具有胶黏性以及熔融状态下与碳酸钙等反应结晶的特性,降低了烧结的温度同时保证了成品的强度,制得的透水砖透水系数≧15×10-2cm/s,保水性≧2.2g/cm2,抗压强度≧25MPa,综合性能好,节能环保。
具体实施方式
本发明的高强度透水砖,包括基层以及覆设于所述基层表面的面层,所述基层的原料由质量分数为30-35%的废钢化玻璃粉、0.5-1.5%的碳酸钙以及63.5-69.5%的废砂砾组成,所述面层的原料由质量比约为2:1-1.5:5-6的水泥、水和沙子以及所述水泥、水和沙子总质量的5-10%的活性炭组成;其中所述废钢化玻璃粉的筛分粒度大于80目,所述废砂砾的筛分粒度为60-80目,面层材料的沙子的筛分粒度为30-60目,活性炭的筛分粒度大于60目。所述基层的厚度为48-50mm,所述面层的厚度为3-5mm。
上述高强度透水砖的制备方法,是将废钢化玻璃破碎后进行球磨,筛分粒级得到大于80目的废钢化玻璃粉。各种废钢化玻璃均适用,无须进行严格分类,对杂质含量要求也不高。将上述质量分数比例的大于80目的废钢化玻璃粉、碳酸钙以及60-80目的废砂砾混合均匀,加到石膏模具中,再放入炉膛内加热,加热工艺为:50-60分钟升高到550-600℃,50-80分钟左右升到780-850℃,保温10-30分钟,20-30分钟降到400-550℃停止加热,冷却后脱模得到所述基层;然后将水泥、水和30-60目的沙子按所述质量比混合均匀,再加入上述比例的大于60目的活性炭混合均匀得到面层材料,将所述面层材料涂覆于所述基层表面形成厚度为3-5mm的面层,固化5-7天,得到所述高强度透水砖。优选的,所述加热工艺为:50-60分钟升高到550-600℃,55-70分钟左右升到780-820℃,保温15-25分钟,20-30分钟降到450-520℃停止加热,冷却后脱模得到所述基层。
其中,得到的基层是由玻璃粉和细砂粒粘结在一起的棕色块状材料,孔隙微小,雨水可以无阻碍渗入下去,其透水率可达15×10-2cm/s。得到的面层不仅可以起到增加透水砖表面的耐磨性,而且面层材料中的活性炭还可以吸附灰尘,下雨时由雨水将灰尘冲刷走,从而得到透水性和保水性好、降尘且机械强度高的高强度透水砖。
以下以一具体实施例进行说明。将质量分数比例为32%的大于80目的废钢化玻璃粉、1%的碳酸钙以及67%的60-80目的废砂砾混合均匀,加到石膏模具中,再放入炉膛内加热,加热工艺为:50-60分钟升高到550-600℃,60分钟左右升到800℃,保温20分钟,20-30分钟降到500℃停止加热,冷却后脱模得到所述基层,基层厚度的长宽为240mm×115mm,厚度为48至50mm;然后将水泥、水和30-60目的沙子按质量比约为2:1:6混合均匀得到混合料,再加入混合料质量5-10%的大于60目的活性炭混合均匀得到面层材料,将面层材料涂覆于基层表面形成厚度为4mm的面层,固化6天,得到高强度透水砖。得到的高强度透水砖的透水系数≧15×10-2cm/s,保水性≧2.2g/cm2,抗压强度≧25MPa。
上述实施例仅用来进一步说明本发明的一种高强度透水砖及其制备方法,但本发明并不局限于实施例,凡是依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰,均落入本发明技术方案的保护范围内。

Claims (4)

1.一种高强度透水砖的制备方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
1)将废钢化玻璃破碎后球磨,筛分粒级得到大于80目的废钢化玻璃粉;
2)将30-35%的大于80目的废钢化玻璃粉、0.5-1.5%的碳酸钙以及63.5-69.5%的60至80目的废砂砾混合均匀,加到石膏模具中,再放入炉膛内加热,加热工艺为:50-60分钟升高到550-600℃,50-80分钟升到780-850℃,保温10-30分钟,20-30分钟降到400-550℃停止加热,冷却后脱模得到基层;
3)将水泥、水和30-60目的沙子按质量比为2:1-1.5:5-6混合均匀,再加入所述水泥、水和沙子总质量的5-10%的大于60目的活性炭混合均匀得到面层材料,将所述面层材料涂覆于所述基层表面形成所述面层,固化5-7天,得到所述高强度透水砖。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述加热工艺为:50-60分钟升高到550-600℃,55-70分钟升到780-820℃,保温15-25分钟,20-30分钟降到450-520℃停止加热,冷却后脱模得到所述基层。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述加热工艺为:50-60分钟升高到550-600℃,60分钟升到800℃,保温20分钟,20-30分钟降到500℃停止加热。
4.根据权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述基层的厚度为48-50mm,所述面层的厚度为3-5mm。
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