CN106804302B - Method for opening waist angle in process of shaping young pear trees - Google Patents
Method for opening waist angle in process of shaping young pear trees Download PDFInfo
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- CN106804302B CN106804302B CN201710034835.2A CN201710034835A CN106804302B CN 106804302 B CN106804302 B CN 106804302B CN 201710034835 A CN201710034835 A CN 201710034835A CN 106804302 B CN106804302 B CN 106804302B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Abstract
A method for opening waist corners in the process of shaping young pear trees comprises the following steps: step 1, opening a base angle, when a young shoot promoted on a central stem grows to 16-20cm, opening the base angle by using support rods with the length of 55-70mm and the diameter of 1-5mm and sharp two ends, wherein the angle of the base angle is 65-80 degrees, pressing a young shoot branch until the young shoot branch and the central stem form 70-90 degrees, firstly inserting one end of each support rod into the phloem of the central stem, and then inserting the other end of each support rod into the phloem of the young shoot branch; and 2, opening waist corners, when the young shoots promoted on the central stem grow to 30-35cm, adopting bamboo sticks with the length of 35-40cm and the diameter of 4-5mm to open the waist corners, wherein the angle of the waist corners is 70-90 degrees, inserting one end of each bamboo stick into the phloem of the central stem, and inserting the other end of each bamboo stick into the phloem of the young shoots.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation and fruit tree physiological ecology, in particular to a method for opening waist corners in the process of shaping young pear trees.
Background
The close planting labor-saving cultivation mode is the development direction of the pear tree industry in China at present, however, at present, the application of a proper pear dwarfing stock is hardly available in China, and in the process of shaping pear saplings, the following key points need to be paid attention to in order to ensure the successful application of the technology: 1. culturing the central stem; 2. promoting central trunk branching; 3. increasing the number of growing points and dispersing tree vigor; 4. promoting the flower as early as possible, namely, the flower is in a slow state, and the fruit is in a pressed state; 5. and controlling the branch ratio.
In the actual process of shaping pear nursery stocks, the tree vigor is often alleviated by using a branch pulling mode to promote the formation of flower buds, the branch pulling operation is usually carried out after the growth of new shoots stops or in the spring of the next year, at the moment, branches generally grow too long, the flower bud formation amount is small in the current year, the branch pulling is too late, the branches are too long and too thick, the branch-trunk ratio is too large, and when the branch pulling reaches an ideal angle, trimmed branches are used for branch supporting or heavy object is used for branch lifting in the production process.
In the process of shaping young trees in a close planting labor-saving cultivation mode, because a plurality of growing points of central trunks are provided, branches at the early stage are thin and are not suitable for early branch pulling, toothpicks with two tips are usually used in production and are placed at proper positions to open an angle, or the branches reach certain thickness, an angle is opened by using an angle opener, but the method is only suitable for opening a base angle, the branches are deflected to grow vigorously along with the continuous growth of the branches and are not beneficial to the formation of proper branch-to-trunk ratio and the early flower formation, a waist angle is required to be further opened at the moment, the waist angle can be opened by a branch pulling method, but the branch pulling speed is low, the number of the branches is large, the workload is high, the cost of ropes and strips for pulling is high, the ropes and the strips can also stick into the trees along with the growth of the trees, permanent constriction is caused, the growth of the trees is not beneficial to the trees, the ropes for pulling are required to be fixed near the lower parts of the trees, and the cost, meanwhile, the existence of the peg stake is not beneficial to various field operations.
The branch pulling device is a good branch pulling tool and is formed by enclosing an iron wire, when the branch pulling device is used, the upper end of the branch pulling device hooks a proper part of the branch, the lower end of the branch pulling device is crossed and fixed on a trunk so as to reach a proper waist angle, but the cost is high, when the center trunk does not reach a proper thickness, the lower end of the branch pulling device is not fixed, the tree is easy to scratch due to shaking of the tree, the branch pulling device is suitable for a shaping method in which a shaping belt exists in the process of branch pulling in the third year or shaping in the first year, or a cultivation mode of an upright post or a bamboo rod exists at the center trunk of the tree, at the moment, the lower end of the branch pulling device can be crossed and fixed on the upright post or the bamboo rod.
The defects exist in the prior art, and the prior art is difficult to adapt to the development trend and the actual needs in the field of pear tree cultivation. In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the inventor provides a method for opening waist angles in the process of shaping young pear trees by combining years of scientific research and practical orchard working experience.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for opening waist corners in the process of shaping young pear trees comprises the following steps:
step 1, opening a base angle, when a young shoot promoted on a central stem grows to 16-20cm, opening the base angle by using support rods with the length of 55-70mm and the diameter of 1-5mm and sharp two ends, wherein the angle of the base angle is 65-80 degrees, pressing a young shoot branch until the young shoot branch and the central stem form 70-90 degrees, firstly inserting one end of each support rod into the phloem of the central stem, and then inserting the other end of each support rod into the phloem of the young shoot branch;
and 2, opening waist corners, when the young shoots promoted on the central stem grow to 30-35cm, adopting bamboo sticks with the length of 35-40cm and the diameter of 4-5mm to open the waist corners, wherein the angle of the waist corners is 70-90 degrees, inserting one end of each bamboo stick into the phloem of the central stem, and inserting the other end of each bamboo stick into the phloem of the young shoots.
Further, the size of the supporting rod in the step 1 is as follows: 65mm long and 2mm diameter.
Further, the angle of the base angle in step 1 is 72 °.
Further, in the step 1, the support rod is inserted into the xylem in the central dry phloem; the support rod is inserted into the xylem in the phloem of the young shoot branch.
Further, the step 1 also comprises the step of spraying a bactericide on the inserted part of the supporting rod.
Further, in the step 1, the supporting rod is a toothpick.
Further, the angle of the waist angle of the young sprout at the lower part of the central stem in step 2 is 80-90 deg.
Furthermore, the part of the bamboo stick inserted into the central dry phloem in the step 2 is needle-shaped, and one end of the bamboo stick inserted into the new-tip phloem is cut into an inclined plane shape.
Furthermore, the insertion position of the bamboo stick inserted into the phloem of the central stem in the step 2 is the lower back phloem of the implantation position of the upper branch of the central stem.
Further, the angle of the waist angle in step 2 is 86 °.
Furthermore, the inclined plane and the bamboo stick in the step 2 form an angle of 30-40 degrees.
Further, step 2 includes the step of cutting off the sharp tip on the bevel.
Further, the step 2 also comprises a step of spraying a bactericide on the part where the bamboo stick is inserted.
Further, the step 2 also comprises a step of spraying a bactericide on the part of the bamboo stick inserted into the phloem of the new shoot.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the method for opening the waist angle in the process of shaping the young pear trees, the support rods are used for supporting the young shoots and the central trunk to form a certain angle, so that the branches can be stopped growing in time, the branch expansion can be controlled, and the flower buds can be promoted to form.
2. The method for opening the waist angle in the process of shaping the young pear trees is beneficial to dispersing the tree vigor through the step of opening the waist angle.
3. According to the method for opening the waist angle in the process of reshaping the young pear tree, the contact area can be increased and the stability can be improved through the step of cutting off the sharp tip.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a waist opening method in the process of shaping young pear trees.
Detailed Description
As shown in the attached figure 1, the method for opening the waist angle in the process of shaping the young pear trees comprises the following steps:
step 1, opening a base angle, when a young shoot promoted on a central stem grows to 16-20cm, opening the base angle by using support rods with the length of 55-70mm and the diameter of 1-5mm and sharp two ends, wherein the angle of the base angle is 65-80 degrees, pressing a young shoot branch until the young shoot branch and the central stem form 70-90 degrees, firstly inserting one end of each support rod into the phloem of the central stem, and then inserting the other end of each support rod into the phloem of the young shoot branch;
and 2, opening waist corners, when the young shoots promoted on the central stem grow to 30-35cm, adopting bamboo sticks with the length of 35-40cm and the diameter of 4-5mm to open the waist corners, wherein the angle of the waist corners is 70-90 degrees, inserting one end of each bamboo stick into the phloem of the central stem, and inserting the other end of each bamboo stick into the phloem of the young shoots.
Further, the size of the supporting rod in the step 1 is as follows: 65mm long and 2mm diameter.
Further, the angle of the base angle in step 1 is 72 °.
Further, in the step 1, the support rod is inserted into the xylem in the central dry phloem; the support rod is inserted into the xylem in the phloem of the young shoot branch.
Further, the step 1 also comprises the step of spraying a bactericide on the inserted part of the supporting rod.
Further, in the step 1, the supporting rod is a toothpick.
Further, the angle of the waist angle of the young sprout at the lower part of the central stem in step 2 is 80-90 deg.
The waist angle of the young shoot at the lower part of the central trunk can be larger to reach 80-90 degrees, the branch spread of the branch at the lower part of the central trunk is larger than the upper part of the central trunk due to the existence of the top end advantage, the waist angle of the branch at the lower part of the central trunk is enlarged, the main purpose is to promote early stopping and promote flower bud formation, the larger the angle is, the earlier the stopping is, the better the flower formation is, the control of the branch spread at the lower part of the central trunk is realized, and therefore, the branch at the base part can have a larger angle.
Furthermore, the part of the bamboo stick inserted into the central dry phloem in the step 2 is needle-shaped, and one end of the bamboo stick inserted into the new-tip phloem is cut into an inclined plane shape.
Further, step 2 includes the step of cutting off the sharp tip on the bevel.
Furthermore, the inclined plane and the bamboo stick in the step 2 form an angle of 30-40 degrees.
When the waist angle is opened, the branches can be slightly pressed by hands in advance, one end of the bamboo stick is cut into an inclined plane by a pair of scissors, then a sharp part on the inclined plane is cut off by the pair of scissors along the direction parallel to the section of the bamboo stick, and the cut end is inserted into the phloem of the new tip.
Furthermore, the insertion position of the bamboo stick inserted into the phloem of the central stem in the step 2 is the lower back phloem of the implantation position of the upper branch of the central stem.
Further, the angle of the waist angle in step 2 is 86 °.
Further, the step 2 also comprises a step of spraying a bactericide on the part where the bamboo stick is inserted.
Further, the step 2 also comprises a step of spraying a bactericide on the part of the bamboo stick inserted into the phloem of the new shoot.
By spraying the bactericide, the wound part of the central stem or the young sprout is ensured not to be infected.
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and any variations, modifications, and alterations that may occur to one skilled in the art may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for opening waist corners in the process of shaping young pear trees is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, opening a base angle, when a young shoot promoted on a central stem grows to 16-20cm, adopting a support rod with the length of 55-70mm and the diameter of 1-5mm and sharp two ends to open the base angle, wherein the angle of the base angle is 72 degrees, pressing the young shoot branch until the young shoot branch forms 70-90 degrees with the central stem, firstly inserting one end of the support rod into a xylem in the phloem of the central stem, and then inserting the other end of the support rod into the xylem in the phloem of the young shoot branch;
step 2, opening waist corners, when the young shoots promoted on the central stem grow to 30-35cm, adopting bamboo sticks with the length of 35-40cm and the diameter of 4-5mm to open the waist corners, wherein the angle of the waist corners is 70-90 degrees, inserting one end of each bamboo stick into the phloem of the central stem to form a needle shape, and inserting the other end of each bamboo stick into the phloem of the young shoots; the end of the bamboo stick inserted into the phloem of the new shoot is in the shape of a cut inclined plane, the sharp tip on the inclined plane is cut off, and the inclined plane and the bamboo stick form 30-40 degrees.
2. The method for opening the waist corner in the process of reshaping the young pear tree according to claim 1, wherein the size of the supporting rods in the step 1 is as follows: 65mm long and 2mm diameter.
3. The method for opening the waist corner in the process of reshaping the young pear tree according to claim 1, wherein the supporting rod in step 1 is a toothpick.
4. The method for opening the waist angle during the process of shaping the young pear trees according to claim 1, wherein the waist angle of the young sprout at the lower part of the central trunk in the step 2 is 80-90 °.
5. The method for opening the waist angle in the process of reshaping the young pear tree according to claim 1, wherein the angle of the waist angle in step 2 is 86 °.
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| CN201710034835.2A CN106804302B (en) | 2017-01-17 | 2017-01-17 | Method for opening waist angle in process of shaping young pear trees |
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| CN107896695A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-04-13 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | A kind of method that branch is drawn in pear tree treelet reforming process |
| CN109588146A (en) * | 2019-01-31 | 2019-04-09 | 遵义师范学院 | A kind of pruning method of pear tree |
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| CN101836563A (en) * | 2010-03-16 | 2010-09-22 | 江苏丘陵地区镇江农业科学研究所 | Method for reshaping pear trees |
| CN102657056B (en) * | 2012-05-23 | 2013-04-10 | 南京农业大学 | Downward-arrowhead-shaped tree shape of pear tree and shaping method for same |
| CN102893836B (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2014-01-08 | 运城市果业发展中心 | Two-branch one-trunk forming and planting method and reshaping method for apple trees |
| CN103262760A (en) * | 2013-06-08 | 2013-08-28 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | Method for simplifying angle opening of pear sapling |
| CN105028105B (en) * | 2015-08-24 | 2017-08-22 | 河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所 | A kind of biparting shape of pear tree has frame to cultivate tree-like and its shaping methods |
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