CN106784946B - 燃料电池用阳离子基团功能化的聚芴醚腈交联型阴离子交换膜材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
燃料电池用阳离子基团功能化的聚芴醚腈交联型阴离子交换膜材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106784946B CN106784946B CN201611085060.3A CN201611085060A CN106784946B CN 106784946 B CN106784946 B CN 106784946B CN 201611085060 A CN201611085060 A CN 201611085060A CN 106784946 B CN106784946 B CN 106784946B
- Authority
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- ether nitrile
- polyfluorene ether
- methyl
- exchange membrane
- polyfluorene
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- -1 ether nitrile Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 229920002098 polyfluorene Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000007306 functionalization reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000003011 anion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 150000001768 cations Chemical group 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- AGEZXYOZHKGVCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl bromide Chemical compound BrCC1=CC=CC=C1 AGEZXYOZHKGVCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Natural products CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 24
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenolphthalein Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)O1 KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical group CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229960000935 dehydrated alcohol Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 NIHNNTQXNPWCJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002220 fluorenes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1H-imidazole Chemical group CN1C=CN=C1 MCTWTZJPVLRJOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-bromosuccinimide Chemical compound BrN1C(=O)CCC1=O PCLIMKBDDGJMGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZFVMWEVVKGLCIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol AF Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C(C(F)(F)F)(C(F)(F)F)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ZFVMWEVVKGLCIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane Chemical class ClC(Cl)C(Cl)Cl QPFMBZIOSGYJDE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003999 initiator Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930185605 Bisphenol Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCN(C)C KWYHDKDOAIKMQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- RLUFBDIRFJGKLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,3-dichlorophenyl)-phenylmethanone Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(C(=O)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1Cl RLUFBDIRFJGKLY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BWQOPMJTQPWHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,3-difluorophenyl)-phenylmethanone Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C(=O)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1F BWQOPMJTQPWHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ISNICOKBNZOJQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,3,3-pentamethylguanidine Chemical compound CN=C(N(C)C)N(C)C ISNICOKBNZOJQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- IBRQUKZZBXZOBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-3-(3-chlorophenyl)sulfonylbenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(S(=O)(=O)C=2C=C(Cl)C=CC=2)=C1 IBRQUKZZBXZOBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BRDIEXWCAJNNQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-methylphenyl)benzene-1,4-diol Chemical compound C1=CC(C)=CC=C1C1=CC(O)=CC=C1O BRDIEXWCAJNNQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GDFCSMCGLZFNFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylaminopropyl Methacrylamide Chemical compound CN(C)CCCNC(=O)C(C)=C GDFCSMCGLZFNFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BGNXCDMCOKJUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butylhydroquinone Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(O)=CC=C1O BGNXCDMCOKJUMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940106691 bisphenol a Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001246 bromo group Chemical group Br* 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- ZJTLZYDQJHKRMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N menadiol Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(O)C(C)=CC(O)=C21 ZJTLZYDQJHKRMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- KDFGCKXYSYXQTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl-5-phenylbenzene Chemical compound C1(=CC=CC=C1)O.C1(=CC=CC=C1)O.CC=1C(=C(C(=C(C1)C1=CC=CC=C1)C)C)C KDFGCKXYSYXQTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004250 tert-Butylhydroquinone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019281 tert-butylhydroquinone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- ZBZJXHCVGLJWFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloromethyl(.) Chemical compound Cl[C](Cl)Cl ZBZJXHCVGLJWFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 150000003851 azoles Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 39
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 24
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 abstract description 17
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005893 bromination reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluorosulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(F)(=O)=O UQSQSQZYBQSBJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000269 nucleophilic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012643 polycondensation polymerization Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 7
- TXXWBTOATXBWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n,n',n'-tetramethylhexane-1,6-diamine Chemical compound CN(C)CCCCCCN(C)C TXXWBTOATXBWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000000627 alternating current impedance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 3
- NXXYKOUNUYWIHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-Dimethylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1O NXXYKOUNUYWIHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CN(C)CCOC(=O)C(C)=C JKNCOURZONDCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- YLQWCDOCJODRMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoren-9-one Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 YLQWCDOCJODRMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010025 steaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FGYADSCZTQOAFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methylbenzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C)C=NC2=C1 FGYADSCZTQOAFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXFVIWBTKYFOCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-n,1-n,3-n,3-n-tetramethylbutane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)CCN(C)C AXFVIWBTKYFOCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1h-imidazole Chemical compound CC1=NC=CN1 LXBGSDVWAMZHDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKIDEFUBRARXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-mercaptopropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCS DKIDEFUBRARXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FVKYHUBHBRJSDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenol propane Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(C=C1)C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(C=C1)O.CCC FVKYHUBHBRJSDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CGOXUOAIOULNBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9h-fluorene;phenol Chemical class OC1=CC=CC=C1.C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 CGOXUOAIOULNBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000005985 Hofmann elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007265 chloromethylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000021615 conjugation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004802 cyanophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000118 dimethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003983 fluorenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=2C3=CC=CC=C3CC12)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical group [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000002883 imidazolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004040 pyrrolidinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/102—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer
- H01M8/1027—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the chemical structure of the main chain of the ion-conducting polymer having carbon, oxygen and other atoms, e.g. sulfonated polyethersulfones [S-PES]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives
- C08G65/38—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols
- C08G65/40—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives derived from phenols from phenols (I) and other compounds (II), e.g. OH-Ar-OH + X-Ar-X, where X is halogen atom, i.e. leaving group
- C08G65/4006—(I) or (II) containing elements other than carbon, oxygen, hydrogen or halogen as leaving group (X)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/34—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from hydroxy compounds or their metallic derivatives
- C08G65/48—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1016—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes characterised by the electrolyte material
- H01M8/1018—Polymeric electrolyte materials
- H01M8/1069—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes
- H01M8/1081—Polymeric electrolyte materials characterised by the manufacturing processes starting from solutions, dispersions or slurries exclusively of polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2371/00—Characterised by the use of polyethers obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
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Abstract
一种燃料电池用阳离子基团功能化的聚芴醚腈交联型阴离子交换膜材料及其制备方法,属于阴离子交换膜技术领域。是利用亲核缩聚反应制备含有苄甲基的聚芴醚腈聚合物,再通过溴化反应制备含有苄基溴的聚芴醚腈聚合物,随后利用季胺化反应制备阳离子基团功能化的聚芴醚腈聚合物,再利用溶液共混法加入交联剂制备阳离子基团功能化的聚芴醚腈交联型阴离子交换膜材料。在80℃时的离子传导率为0.051S/cm~0.089S/cm,30℃甲醇渗透系数为0.96×10‑ 7cm2s‑1~1.56×10‑7cm2s‑1,在60℃、2M的NaOH溶液中浸泡10天后,该交联膜的离子传导率保持在60.0~77.5%,表明该交联型阴离子交换膜具有良好的耐碱稳定性。本发明制备的复合型质子交换膜成本低于全氟磺酸膜,易于产业化,可应用于燃料电池领域。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于阴离子交换膜技术领域,具体涉及一种燃料电池用阳离子基团功能化的聚芴醚腈交联型阴离子交换膜材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
面对煤、石油、天然气等化石能源的迅速枯竭,迫切需要开发一种环保可再生的新能源。近年来,太阳能、风能、潮汐能等可再生能源的开发利用已取得了很大进展。但是由于环境因素、地理条件以及气候等的影响,而无法实现广泛应用。因此开发出一种高效、便携、绿色、无污染的新型能源迫在眉睫。燃料电池是一种将化学能直接转化为电能的能量转换装置。燃料电池本身拥有以下优点:燃料-电能转化效率高,一般在45%~60%,高于火力发电和核电的效率(30%~40%);能直接将燃料的化学能转化为电能,并不需要燃烧,具有工作温度低、启动快、比功率高、结构简单、操作方便等优点,被公认为便携式电源、电动汽车、固定发电站等的首选能源,其作为新型绿色能源得到了广泛的关注,这项技术也正在迅猛发展。聚合物电解质膜作为直接甲醇燃料电池的核心部件,其综合性能不足是直接甲醇燃料电池产业化所面临的最大问题。已开发的聚合物电解质膜材料普遍存在阻醇性能差和高离子传导率时尺寸稳定性不足等缺点。即使是具有全氟磺酸结构的Nafion膜,仍然不能满足直接甲醇燃料电池的要求。因此,开发出适用于直接甲醇燃料电池的可替代Nafion膜的具有高阻醇性、高尺寸稳定性、高质子传导率、低成本的聚合物电解质膜是推动直接甲醇燃料电池商业化进程的关键。聚合物电解质膜可分为两大类:质子交换膜和阴离子交换膜。与质子交换膜相比,阴离子交换膜可使用非贵金属镍等作为催化剂,因为碱性条件下,燃料电池阴阳极具有更快的氧化还原动力学,镍等非贵金属可以高效稳定使用,从而避免了对贵金属铂的依赖性。这样不仅使燃料电池的应用不受铂资源的限制,又大大降低了燃料电池的成本,此外,由于OH-迁移方向与燃料甲醇分子的渗透方向相反,这种反向电渗析大大减少了燃料的渗透。这些优点有望加速燃料电池的商业化进程。但阴离子交换膜的耐碱稳定性普遍较差,且其阴离子传导率较小。故针对阴离子交换膜的构建,主要在于对其主链结构和侧链基团的分子设计,需增加其耐碱稳定性,并提高其离子传导率。因此,阳离子基团功能化的含苄甲基的聚芴醚腈交联型阴离子交换膜材料具有重大潜力。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种燃料电池用阳离子基团功能化的含芴基的聚芳醚腈交联型阴离子交换膜材料及其制备方法,该交联型阴离子交换膜具有较高的离子传达率和良好的耐碱稳定性,同时,该制备方法工艺简单、成本低。
本发明首先提供一种燃料电池用阳离子基团功能化的含苄基溴的聚芴醚腈交联型阴离子交换膜材料,其结构式如式Ⅰ所示:
其中,0.1≦x≦1。
具体的制备流程如式Ⅱ:
本发明提供了阳离子基团功能化的含苄基溴的聚芴醚腈交联型阴离子交换膜材料的制备方法如下:
步骤(1):氮气保护下,在装有机械搅拌、进气管、带水器和冷凝管的三口瓶中,加入A mol含有苄甲基的双酚单体、B mol双酚单体、C mol双卤单体;混合均匀后加入(1.1~2)C mol成盐剂、10~25mL带水剂(小于三口瓶容积的1/3)、(1000~2000)C mL溶剂(溶剂体积为三口瓶容积的15%~30%),120~140℃条件下带水回流3~8小时,放掉带水剂,温度升至170~195℃,蒸出剩余的带水剂,继续反应6~20小时,出料于蒸馏水中,得到条状含苄甲基的聚芴醚腈,用捣碎机捣碎,用蒸馏水煮沸5~8遍,过滤,烘干后得到含苄甲基的聚芴醚腈聚合物,其中,A=0.001~1.0,B=0~0.099,C=0.001~1.0,且A+B=C;
优选的是,所述的双酚单体为双酚A、双酚S、六氟双酚A、酚酞、叔丁基对苯二酚、双酚芴、4,4-联苯二酚;最优为六氟双酚A。
优选的是,所述的含有苄甲基的双酚单体为四甲基联苯二酚、2,2-二(4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苯基)丙烷(四甲基双酚A)、甲基氢醌、(4-甲基)苯基对苯二酚(如文献Xu S,ZhangG,Zhang Y,et al.Synthesis and properties of a novel side-chain-type hydroxideexchange membrane for direct methanol fuel cells(DMFCs)[J].Journal of PowerSources,2012,209:228-235.所述),3,3′-二(4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苯基)酚酞、间二甲酚酞、对二甲酚酞、9,9′-二(3,5-甲基-4-羟苯基)芴(DMHPF)、含有多个苄甲基的双酚芴或含有多个苄甲基的酚酞(如文献Lai AN,Guo D,Lin C X,et al.Enhanced performance of anionexchange membranes via crosslinking of ion cluster regions for fuel cells[J].Journal of Power Sources,2016,327:56-66.所述);最优为9,9-二(3,5-甲基-4-羟苯基)芴(DMHPF),制备方法如文献Xu P Y,Zhou K,Han G L,et al.Fluorene-containingpoly(arylene ether sulfone)s as anion exchange membranes for alkaline fuelcells[J].Journal of Membrane Science,2014,457:29-38所述。
优选的是,所述的双卤单体为二氟二苯酮、二氟二苯砜、二氯二苯酮、二氯二苯砜、2,6-二氟苯腈;最优选为2,6-二氟苯腈。
优选的是,所述的溶剂为沸点150℃以上的高沸点溶剂,包括但不限于N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)、环丁砜(TMS)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)或二甲基亚砜(DMSO)中的一种。
优选的是,所述的带水剂为甲苯。
优选的是,所述的成盐剂为无水碳酸钾。
步骤(2):在氮气保护下,将D mol(D=0.001~0.05)步骤(1)制备的含苄甲基的聚芴醚腈聚合物溶解于20~100mL溶剂中,待完全溶解后,加入(0.5~2)D molN-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)和(0.025~0.1)D mol引发剂,65~85℃下反应5~20h,产物冷却至室温,出料于无水乙醇中,将产物剪碎,用无水乙醇煮沸5~8遍,过滤,烘干后得到含有苄基溴(-CH2Br)基团的聚芴醚腈聚合物。
优选的是,所述的溶剂为1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷、四氯化碳、三氯化碳;最优选为四氯乙烷。
优选的是,所述的引发剂为偶氮二异丁氰(AIBN)、过氧化苯甲酰(BPO);最优选为BPO。
步骤(3):将E mol(E=0.0003~0.02)步骤(2)制备的含有苄基溴(-CH2Br)基团的聚芴醚腈聚合物溶解于溶剂,得到质量浓度为1~20%的含苄基溴基团的聚芴醚腈溶液,搅拌至完全溶解后,加入F mol季胺化试剂,10~50℃下反应10~30h,得到阳离子基团功能化的聚芴醚腈溶液,F=(0.01~1)E;
优选的是,上述溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)、N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)或二甲基亚砜(DMSO);最优选为NMP。
优选的是,上述季胺化试剂为1-甲基咪唑、1,2-二甲基咪唑、1-乙基咪唑、1-甲基苯并咪唑、1,1,2,3,3-五甲基胍、吡啶或季磷盐等;最优选为1-甲基咪唑。
步骤(4):将布骤(3)制备的阳离子基团功能化的聚芴醚腈溶液置于冰盐浴(-20~-0℃)中搅拌,并缓慢滴加G mol季胺化交联试剂,G=(0.01~1)E,F+G=E(季胺化交联剂为N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-1,6-己二胺)或F+2G=E(季胺化交联剂为二元胺),搅拌0.5~5h;将得到的成膜液在玻璃培养皿或平板玻璃上延流成膜,然后放入恒温箱中,在60~80℃下干燥24~48小时,自然冷却到室温,在水中脱膜,即得到燃料电池用阳离子基团功能化的含苄基溴的聚芴醚腈交联型阴离子交换膜材料。
优选的是,季胺化交联剂为:N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-1,6-己二胺(TMHDA)、N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-1,4-丁二胺(TMBDA)、四甲基乙二胺(TMEDA)、咪唑、甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯(DMAEMA)、N-(3-二甲氨基丙基)甲基丙烯酰胺(DMAPMA);最优选为N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-1,6-己二胺。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明提供一种燃料电池用阳离子基团功能化的含苄基溴的聚芴醚腈交联型阴离子交换膜材料。在分子链中引入高密度的离子传导基团,有利于增强膜的微相分离结构和离子传导率。大体积刚性芳环芴基,增大链间距,使链间具有更大的自由体积,有利于水分子的储存,从而进一步提高离子传导率。在分子链中同时引入高偶极矩强极性腈基,使分子链间具有更强的相互作用,抑制膜吸水后的过度溶胀,维持膜的尺寸稳定性和机械性能,交联结构也进一步提高了膜的耐碱稳定性,并限制甲醇分子通过。与传统的氯甲基化方法相比,溴化反应避免了致癌的氯甲基化试剂的使用,可更精确的控制离子交换基团的位置和数量。阳离子功能基团与主链间的共轭作用,有望防止Hofmann消除反应的发生,赋予交联膜优异的耐碱稳定性。实验结果表明:本发明(实施例6)的交联型阴离子交换膜在80℃时的离子传导率为0.051S/cm~0.089S/cm,30℃甲醇渗透系数为0.96×10-7cm2s-1~1.56×10-7cm2s-1,在60℃、2M NaOH溶液中浸泡10天后,该交联膜的离子传导率保持在60.0~77.5%,表明该交联型阴离子交换膜具有良好的耐碱稳定性。该阳离子基团功能化的聚芴醚腈交联型阴离子交换膜材料的厚度为40~80μm。
本发明提供一种燃料电池用阳离子基团功能化的聚芴醚腈交联型阴离子交换膜材料的制备方法,该方法是利用亲核缩聚反应制备含有苄甲基的聚芴醚腈聚合物,再通过溴化反应制备含有苄基溴的聚芴醚腈聚合物,随后利用季胺化反应制备阳离子基团功能化的聚芴醚腈聚合物,再利用溶液共混法加入交联剂制备阳离子基团功能化的聚芴醚腈交联型阴离子交换膜材料。本发明制备复合型质子交换膜的方法简单,原料易得,且交联型阴离子交换膜成本低于全氟磺酸膜,易于产业化,可应用于燃料电池领域。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1制备的9,9′-二(3,5-甲基-4-羟苯基)芴单体的红外谱图。上方曲线1为原料9-芴酮的红外谱图,下方曲线2为9,9′-二(3,5-甲基-4-羟苯基)芴的红外谱图,可观察到1717cm-1处C=O的振动峰消失,表明该单体的成功制备。
图2为本发明实施例1制备的9,9′-二(3,5-甲基-4-羟苯基)芴的核磁氢谱图。图中2.15ppm处为苄甲基上氢的特征峰,表明该单体成功制备。
图3为本发明实施例2制备的含苄甲基的聚芴醚腈聚合物的红外谱图。图中2229.72cm-1处为腈基的对称伸缩振动峰,1580.42cm-1为芳香环上C=C的骨架振动,1380.50cm-1为甲基上C-H的弯曲振动,1245.05cm-1和1024.43cm-1处为Ar-O-Ar醚键的不对称伸缩振动,928.87处为-CF3上C-F键的振动峰。表明该聚合物成功合成。
图4为本发明实施例3制备的含苄甲基的聚芴醚腈聚合物的核磁氢谱图。图中2.05ppm处为苄甲基上氢的特征峰,6.2~6.6ppm为苯腈上氢的特征峰。表明该聚合物成功合成。
图5为本发明实施例4制备的含苄甲基的聚芴醚腈聚合物的红外谱图。图中2228.25cm-1处为腈基的对称伸缩振动峰,1580.15cm-1为芳香环上C=C的骨架振动,1398.93cm-1为甲基上C-H的弯曲振动,1244.09cm-1和1024.08cm-1处为Ar-O-Ar醚键的不对称伸缩振动,表明该聚合物成功合成。
图6为本发明实施例5制备的含苄基溴的聚芴醚腈的核磁氢谱图。图中4.3ppm附近出现的新峰为苄基溴上亚甲基氢的特征峰,2.0pm附近甲基氢的特征峰明显大幅减少,表明溴化产物含苄基溴的聚芴醚腈的成功制备。
图7为本发明实施例8制备的咪唑功能化的聚芴醚腈聚合物的核磁氢谱图。由于该聚合物部分交联,所以谱图的峰不规则。但仍可看出图中的4.3ppm处苄基溴上亚甲基氢的特征峰完全消失,说明季胺化反应完全,完全取代了苄基溴基团。说明成功制备了咪唑功能化的聚芴醚腈聚合物。
具体实施方式
为了进一步了解本发明,下面结合实施例对本发明的优选实施方案进行描述,但是应当理解,这些描述只是为进一步说明本发明的特征和优点而不是对本发明专利要求的限制。
实施例1
氮气保护下,在100mL三口瓶中加入0.04mol 9-芴酮,0.12mol 2,6-二甲基苯酚,0.1mL 3-巯基丙酸,10mL甲苯,30℃下加入1.5mL质量分数为98%的浓硫酸,55℃反应5h,出料于蒸馏水中。抽滤得到淡黄色固体粗产物,烘干称重为15.9g。将粗产物和200mL甲苯加入500mL三口瓶,90℃搅拌3h,趁热减压抽滤,得到滤液,冷却静置后抽滤得到白色结晶产物,烘干得到9,9-二(3,5-甲基-4-羟苯基)芴(DMHPF),称重9.1g。
实施例2
在氮气保护下,向连接有机械搅拌、进气管、带水器和冷凝管的100mL三口瓶中加入0.006mol(2.439g)9,9-二(3,5-甲基-4-羟苯基)芴(按实施例1方法制备)、0.009mol(3.026g)六氟双酚A、0.015mol(2.087g)2,6-二氟苯腈,20mL环丁砜,0.01875mol(2.5875g)碳酸钾,15mL甲苯,128℃回流,带水4小时,放掉带水剂;升高温度至180℃,蒸出甲苯,再继续反应10小时,出料于水中,得到条状聚合物,将得到的条状聚合物用捣碎机捣碎,再用蒸馏水煮沸6遍,过滤后,放在真空烘箱中40℃烘干48小时,得到含苄甲基的聚芴醚腈聚合物7.1g。苄甲基占所得聚合物的摩尔数为160%。
实施例3
在氮气保护下,向连接有机械搅拌、进气管、带水器和冷凝管的100mL三口瓶中加入0.009mol(3.659g)9,9-二(3,5-甲基-4-羟苯基)芴(按实施例1方法制备)、0.006mol(2.017g)六氟双酚A、0.015mol(2.087g)2,6-二氟苯腈,20mL环丁砜,0.01875mol(2.5875g)碳酸钾,15mL甲苯,128℃回流,带水4小时,放掉带水剂;升高温度至180℃,蒸出甲苯,再继续反应10小时,出料于水中,得到条状聚合物,将得到的条状聚合物用捣碎机捣碎,再用蒸馏水煮沸6遍,放在真空烘箱中40℃烘干48小时;得到含苄甲基的聚芴醚腈共聚物7.2g。苄甲基占所得聚合物的摩尔数为240%。
实施例4
在氮气保护下,向连接有机械搅拌、进气管、带水器和冷凝管的100mL三口瓶中加入0.0015mol(6.0975g)9,9-二(3,5-甲基-4-羟苯基)芴(按实施例1方法制备)、、0.015mol(2.087g)2,6-二氟苯腈,20mL环丁砜,0.01875mol(2.5875g)碳酸钾,15mL甲苯,128℃回流,带水4小时,放掉带水剂;升高温度至180℃,蒸出甲苯,再继续反应10小时,出料于水中,得到条状聚合物,将得到的条状聚合物用捣碎机捣碎,再用蒸馏水煮沸6遍,放在真空烘箱中40℃烘干48小时;得到含苄甲基的聚芴醚腈共聚物7.6g,苄甲基占所得聚合物的摩尔数为400%。
实施例5
将实施例2制备的含苄甲基的聚芴醚腈进行溴化反应:在氮气保护下,将苄甲基含量为0.007mol(即,苄甲基占所得聚合物的摩尔数为160%)的含苄甲基的聚芴醚腈聚合物(0.004375mol)溶解于20mL的1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷中,加入0.007molN-溴代丁二酰亚胺和0.35mmol过氧化苯甲酰,70℃反应20h,冷却至室温后出料于无水乙醇,用无水乙醇煮沸6次,在真空烘箱中40℃烘干48小时,得到含有苄基溴(-CH2Br)基团的聚芴醚腈聚合物,产物质量为1.9g。所得聚合物中苄基溴含量为91%。
实施例6
将实施例3制备的含苄甲基的聚芴醚腈进行溴化反应:在氮气保护下,将苄甲基含量为0.006mol(即,苄甲基占所得聚合物的摩尔数为240%)的含苄甲基的聚芴醚腈聚合物(聚合物用量0.00375mol)溶解于20mL的1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷中,加入0.006mol N-溴代丁二酰亚胺和0.3mmol过氧化苯甲酰,85℃反应5h,冷却至室温后出料于无水乙醇,用无水乙醇煮沸6次,在真空烘箱中40℃烘干48小时,得到含有苄基溴(-CH2Br)基团的聚芴醚腈聚合物,产物质量为1.5g。所得聚合物中苄基溴含量为85%。
实施例7
将实施例4制备的含苄甲基的聚芴醚腈进行溴化反应:在氮气保护下,将苄甲基含量为0.006mol(即,苄甲基占所得聚合物的摩尔数为400%)的含苄甲基的聚芴醚腈聚合物(含苄甲基的聚芴醚腈聚合物0.0015mol)溶解于20mL的1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷中,加入0.006mol N-溴代丁二酰亚胺和0.3mmol过氧化苯甲酰,70℃反应20h,冷却至室温后出料于无水乙醇,用无水乙醇煮沸6次,过滤后,在真空烘箱中40℃烘干48小时,得到含有苄基溴(-CH2Br)基团的聚芴醚腈聚合物,产物质量为0.8g。所得聚合物中苄基溴含量为145%。
实施例8
(1)将实施例5制备的含苄基溴的聚芴醚腈进行季胺化反应:取苄基溴基团含量为0.003mol(苄基溴含量为91%)的含苄基溴的聚芴醚腈(0.0033mol)溶解于15mL NMP中,加入0.0018mol 1-甲基咪唑,室温反应24h,得到咪唑功能化聚芴醚腈溶液;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的咪唑功能化聚芴醚腈溶液置于冰盐浴中冷却搅拌,加入6mmol N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-1,6-己二胺,搅拌0.5h,得到均匀的成膜液。
(3)将步骤(2)得到的成膜液在玻璃培养皿上延流成膜,然后放入恒温箱中,在60℃下干燥12小时,在80℃下干燥12小时,自然冷却到25℃,在水中脱膜,将所得到的膜材料在1M的NaOH溶液中浸泡24h,用蒸馏水反复冲洗至中性,即得到燃料电池用咪唑阳离子基团功能化的聚芴醚腈交联型阴离子交换膜。
将上述燃料电池用咪唑阳离子基团功能化的聚芴醚腈交联型阴离子交换膜在80℃下使用交流阻抗能谱(AC impedance spectroscopy,Salton 1260,1-107Hz,50-500mV测试,该咪唑阳离子基团功能化的聚芴醚腈交联型阴离子交换膜的电导率为0.089S/cm,甲醇渗透系数为0.96×10-7cm2s-1,膜厚度为40μm。60℃的2M NaOH溶液中浸泡10天测得80℃下传导率为0.069S/cm,表明该膜具有良好的耐碱稳定性。
实施例9
(1)将实施例5制备的含苄基溴的聚芴醚腈进行季胺化反应:取苄基溴基团含量为0.003mol的含苄基溴的聚芴醚腈(0.0033mol)溶解于15mL NMP中,加入0.0024mol 1-甲基咪唑,室温反应24h,得到咪唑功能化聚芴醚腈溶液;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的咪唑功能化聚芴醚腈溶液置于冰盐浴中冷却搅拌,加入3mmol N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-1,6-己二胺,搅拌0.5h,得到均匀的成膜液。
(3)将步骤(2)得到的成膜液在玻璃培养皿上延流成膜,然后放入恒温箱中,在60℃下干燥12小时,在80℃下干燥12小时,自然冷却到25℃,在水中脱膜,将所得到的膜材料在1M NaOH溶液中浸泡24h,用蒸馏水反复冲洗至中性,即得到燃料电池用咪唑阳离子基团功能化的聚芴醚腈交联型阴离子交换膜。
将上述燃料电池用咪唑阳离子基团功能化的聚芴醚腈交联型阴离子交换膜在80℃下使用交流阻抗能谱(AC impedance spectroscopy,Salton 1260,1-107Hz,50-500mV测试,该咪唑阳离子基团功能化的聚芴醚腈交联型阴离子交换膜的电导率为0.063S/cm,甲醇渗透系数为1.32×10-7cm2s-1,膜厚度为40μm。60℃的2M的NaOH溶液中浸泡10天测得80℃下传导率为0.044S/cm,表明该膜具有良好的耐碱稳定性。
实施例10
(1)将实施例7制备的含苄基溴的聚芴醚腈进行季胺化反应:取苄基溴基团含量为0.003mol的含苄基溴的聚芴醚腈(聚芴醚腈的用量为0.0021mol)溶解于15mL NMP中,加入0.0003mol 1-甲基咪唑,室温反应24h,得到咪唑功能化聚芴醚腈溶液;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的咪唑功能化聚芴醚腈溶液置于冰盐浴中冷却搅拌,加入1.35mmol N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-1,6-己二胺,搅拌0.5h,得到均匀的成膜液。
(3)将步骤(2)得到的成膜液在玻璃培养皿上延流成膜,然后放入恒温箱中,在60℃下干燥12小时,在80℃下干燥12小时,自然冷却到25℃,在水中脱膜,将所得到的膜材料在1M NaOH溶液中浸泡24h,用蒸馏水反复冲洗至中性,即得到燃料电池用咪唑阳离子基团功能化的聚芴醚腈交联型阴离子交换膜。
将上述燃料电池用咪唑阳离子基团功能化的聚芴醚腈交联型阴离子交换膜在80℃下使用交流阻抗能谱(AC impedance spectroscopy,Salton 1260,1-107Hz,50-500mV测试,该咪唑阳离子基团功能化的聚芴醚腈交联型阴离子交换膜的电导率为0.069S/cm,甲醇渗透系数为1.09×10-7cm2s-1,膜厚度为38μm。60℃的2M的NaOH溶液中浸泡10天测得80℃下传导率为0.048S/cm,表明该膜具有良好的耐碱稳定性。
以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的方法及其核心思想,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以对本发明进行若干改进和修饰,这些改进和修饰也落入本发明权利要求的保护范围内。
Claims (6)
1.一种燃料电池用阳离子基团功能化的含苄基溴的聚芴醚腈交联型阴离子交换膜材料,其特征在于:其结构式如下所示,
其中,0.1≦x≦1,且芴结构单元上的三个R取代基中至少一个为Br。
2.权利要求1所述的一种燃料电池用阳离子基团功能化的含苄基溴的聚芴醚腈交联型阴离子交换膜材料的制备方法,其步骤如下:
(1)氮气保护下,在装有机械搅拌、进气管、带水器和冷凝管的三口瓶中,加入A mol含有苄甲基的双酚单体、B mol双酚单体、C mol双卤单体;混合均匀后加入(1.1~2)C mol成盐剂、10~25mL带水剂、(1000~2000)C mL溶剂,120~140℃条件下带水回流3~8小时,放掉带水剂,温度升至170~195℃,蒸出剩余的带水剂,继续反应6~20小时,出料于蒸馏水中,得到条状含苄甲基的聚芴醚腈,用捣碎机捣碎,用蒸馏水煮沸5~8遍,过滤,烘干后得到含苄甲基的聚芴醚腈聚合物;其中,A=0.001~1.0,B=0~0.099,C=0.001~1.0,且A+B=C;
(2)在氮气保护下,将D mol步骤(1)制备的含苄甲基的聚芴醚腈聚合物溶解于20~100mL溶剂中,待完全溶解后,加入(0.5~2)D mol N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)和(0.025~0.1)D mol引发剂,65~85℃下反应5~20h,产物冷却至室温,出料于无水乙醇中,将产物剪碎,用无水乙醇煮沸5~8遍,过滤,烘干后得到含有苄基溴基团的聚芴醚腈聚合物;其中,D=0.001~0.05;
(3)将E mol步骤(2)制备的含有苄基溴基团的聚芴醚腈聚合物溶解于溶剂,得到质量浓度为1~20%的含苄基溴基团的聚芴醚腈溶液,搅拌至完全溶解后,加入F mol季胺化试剂,10~50℃下反应10~30h,得到阳离子基团功能化的聚芴醚腈溶液;其中,E=0.0003~0.02,F=(0.01~1)E;
(4)将步骤(3)制备的阳离子基团功能化的聚芴醚腈溶液置于冰盐浴中搅拌,并缓慢滴加G mol季胺化交联剂,G=(0.01~1)E,F+2G=E;搅拌0.5~5h,将得到的成膜液在玻璃培养皿或平板玻璃上延流成膜,然后放入恒温箱中,在60~80℃下干燥24~48小时,自然冷却到室温,在水中脱膜,即得到燃料电池用阳离子基团功能化的含苄基溴的聚芴醚腈交联型阴离子交换膜材料。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种燃料电池用阳离子基团功能化的含苄基溴的聚芴醚腈交联型阴离子交换膜材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(1)中的双酚单体为双酚A、双酚S、六氟双酚A、酚酞、叔丁基对苯二酚、双酚芴或4,4-联苯二酚;含苄甲基的双酚单体为四甲基联苯二酚、2,2-二(4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苯基)丙烷、甲基氢醌、(4-甲基)苯基对苯二酚、3,3′-二(4-羟基-3,5-二甲基苯基)酚酞、间二甲酚酞、对二甲酚酞、9,9′-二(3,5-甲基-4-羟苯基)芴、含有多个苄甲基的双酚芴或含有多个苄甲基的酚酞;双卤单体为二氟二苯酮、二氟二苯砜、二氯二苯酮、二氯二苯砜或2,6-二氟苯腈;溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、环丁砜、N-甲基吡咯烷酮或二甲基亚砜;带水剂为甲苯,成盐剂为无水碳酸钾。
4.如权利要求2所述的一种燃料电池用阳离子基团功能化的含苄基溴的聚芴醚腈交联型阴离子交换膜材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(2)中的溶剂为1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷、四氯化碳或三氯化碳;引发剂为偶氮二异丁氰或过氧化苯甲酰。
5.如权利要求2所述的一种燃料电池用阳离子基团功能化的含苄基溴的聚芴醚腈交联型阴离子交换膜材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(3)中的溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮或二甲基亚砜;季胺化试剂为1-甲基咪唑、1,2-二甲基咪唑、1-乙基咪唑、1-甲基苯并咪唑、1,1,2,3,3-五甲基胍、吡啶或季磷盐。
6.如权利要求2所述的一种燃料电池用阳离子基团功能化的含苄基溴的聚芴醚腈交联型阴离子交换膜材料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤(4)中的季胺化交联剂为N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-1,6-己二胺、N,N,N′,N′-四甲基-1,4-丁二胺、四甲基乙二胺、咪唑、甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯或N-(3-二甲氨基丙基)甲基丙烯酰胺。
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