CN106756510A - 一种显示低合金耐磨钢原奥氏体晶界的浸蚀剂及其应用 - Google Patents
一种显示低合金耐磨钢原奥氏体晶界的浸蚀剂及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
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- NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium cyanide Chemical compound [K+].N#[C-] NNFCIKHAZHQZJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
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Abstract
本发明涉及浸蚀剂应用领域，具体涉及一种显示低合金耐磨钢原奥氏体晶界的浸蚀剂及其应用，本发明的浸蚀剂采用苦味酸、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、餐具洗洁精、蒸馏水、硫氰化钾、溴水加热至70摄氏度即可，应用时首先要制作金相试样，将金相试样进行粗磨、细磨、抛光后用配置好的浸蚀剂进行腐蚀40s后使用扫描电镜观察其原奥氏体晶界。本发明的浸蚀剂制作方法简单，应用操作简便、安全、快捷。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及浸蚀剂应用领域，具体涉及一种显示低合金耐磨钢原奥氏体晶界的浸蚀剂及其应用。
背景技术
晶粒度是表示晶粒大小的一种尺度，晶粒大小直接影响着金属材料的机械性能和工艺性能。金属耐磨材料在工业上应用广泛，低合金耐磨钢因具备较高的硬度和良好的冲击性能等，已引起国内外相关科研人员的广泛关注，因此显示低合金耐磨钢原晶界具有重要意义。原奥氏体晶界能否清晰地显示取决于很多因素，比如样品的化学成分、组织、热处理状态、腐蚀的方法、试剂及时间等，采用4%硝酸酒精溶液腐蚀钢铁材料时，其显微组织易于显示，而晶界难以腐蚀。中国专利CN102507292A公开了“一种低碳微合金钢奥氏体晶界显示的方法”，该显示剂由下列组成：蒸馏水、海鸥牌洗头膏、苦味酸、浓度大于60%的二甲苯、浓度大于70%的盐酸、浓度大于70%的氢氟酸、氯化铜；优点是显示剂溶液性能稳定，重现性好，不足之处是适用于溶液繁琐，溶液种类多。中国专利CN105420731A公开了一种“一种适用于显示多种类型钢工件淬火态晶界的金相腐蚀液及其制备方法”，该显示剂组成成分包括苦味酸、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、氯化钠、氯化铜和盐酸等溶液，其专门用于碳钢、中低合金钢和轴承钢，对于本发明的低合金耐磨钢不适用。中国专利CN101349621A公开了“一种清晰显示低碳低合金钢奥氏体晶粒的方法”，该显示剂由下列组成：CrO3、NaOH、苦味酸、环氧乙烷、蒸馏水，不足之处是试样侵蚀时间长达40-60min，效率低。Wiederman等采用沸腾的CrO3-NaOH浸蚀剂对低、中合金钢进行浸蚀，效果较佳；但试样在浸入浸蚀剂之前必须预热到120-130℃，因而操作不便，且120℃温度对镶嵌材料会产生不良影响。现有很多发明专利中显示奥氏体晶界有苦味酸、十二烷基苯磺酸钠等试剂，其都是针对的是碳钢、中合金钢或轴承钢，而对于本发明专利的低合金耐磨钢没有涉及到。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题，克服已有技术的不足，本发明提供一种显示低合金耐磨钢原奥氏体晶界的浸蚀剂及其应用，该浸蚀剂配制简单，操作方便，具体技术方案如下：
一种显示低合金耐磨钢原奥氏体晶界的浸蚀剂原料以重量计包括苦味酸9-15份、十二烷基苯磺酸钠6-10份、餐具洗洁精5-10份、硫氰化钾4-7份、溴水3-6份、蒸馏水100-120份。
进一步，原料以重量计包括苦味酸9份、十二烷基苯磺酸钠6份、餐具洗洁精5份、硫氰化钾4份、溴水3份、蒸馏水100份。
进一步，所述餐具洗洁精主要成分包括烷基磺酸钠、脂肪醇醚硫酸钠、泡沫剂、增溶剂、香精、水、色素和防腐剂；主要有效成分是烷基磺酸钠、脂肪醇醚硫酸钠。
一种显示低合金耐磨钢原奥氏体晶界的浸蚀剂的应用包括以下步骤：
（1）试样制备：低合金耐磨钢在酸性感应炉中进行冶炼，冶炼后将其铸造成钢坯，然后将钢坯加工成金相试样；
（2）将步骤（1）的金相试样放至高温箱式电阻炉加热保温，最后取出空冷；
（3）将步骤（2）的金相试样进行粗磨、细磨、抛光后用配置好的浸蚀剂进行腐蚀，使用扫描电镜观察其晶界。
进一步，所述步骤（3）中将金相试样用配置好的浸蚀剂进行腐蚀40s，腐蚀后用酒精将金相试样冲洗后吹干，再使用扫描电镜观察其原奥氏体晶界。
进一步，所述低合金耐磨钢是碳含量为0.2-0.3wt%，硅含量为0.5-0.6wt%，锰含量为0.9-1.1wt%，并含有铬元素、钼元素、镍元素、铝元素及其合金的低合金耐磨钢。
进一步，所述金相试样制备的方法包括以下步骤：
（1）熔炼：将低合金耐磨钢放到酸性感应炉熔炼；
（2）将熔炼后的低合金耐磨钢采用消失模铸造成钢坯，浇注温度1560-1600℃；
（3）浇注完成后待钢坯冷却到800-900℃时空冷至室温；
（4）热处理：将钢坯升温至820-860℃进行奥氏体化，升温速率<5℃/min，转变时间1-2h，然后取出空冷。
一种显示低合金耐磨钢原奥氏体晶界的浸蚀剂的制备方法是将苦味酸、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、餐具洗洁精、硫氰化钾、溴水、蒸馏水按所述重量混合搅拌加热至70摄氏度即可。
本发明的有益效果为：
1、本发明提供的浸蚀剂制作简单，侵蚀时间短，效率高，操作简单、方便、快捷、安全，可适用很多类似的低合金耐磨钢；
2、因为低合金耐磨钢表面的氧化层主要是铁的氧化物，包括三价铁离子和二价亚铁离子，硫氰化钾可以检测到三价铁离子，溴水可以检测到二价亚铁离子，硫氰化钾、溴水可以分别把三价铁离子、二价亚铁离子反应完全使其不会附着在低合金耐磨钢表面上，再用酒精冲洗吹干保证把低合金耐磨钢上的氧化层完全浸蚀掉。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中的原奥氏体晶界。
具体实施方式
为了更好的理解本发明，下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步说明：
低合金耐磨钢的化学成分为：C:0.287%、Si:0.569%、Mn:1.028%、Cr:0.871%、Mo:0.314%、Cu:0.05%、Re:0.10%、P<0.025%、S<0.025%，其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
低合金耐磨钢在1t酸性感应炉熔炼。金属炉料为炼钢用生铁、回炉碳素钢、硅铁、铬铁、钼铁、废铜、稀土等，铁合金打碎后加入。冶炼后采用消失模铸造，浇注温度1560-1600℃，将其铸造成15mm x 15mm x 60mm钢坯，浇注完成后待铸件冷却到800-900℃时扒出去壳进行空冷至室温。热处理工艺：将铸件升温至820-860℃进行奥氏体化，在RXJ-4-13型高温箱式电阻炉加热保温，升温速率<5℃/min，转变时间1-2h，然后取出空冷。采用DK77系列电火花钼丝切割机将钢坯加工成10mm x10mm x10mm金相试样。
将9g苦味酸、6g十二烷基苯磺酸钠、5g洗洁精、4g硫氰化钾、3mL溴水、蒸馏水100mL混合搅拌，用酒精度加热至70℃时停止加热即可得本发明的浸蚀剂。
热处理后将金相试样使用MP-2双盘金相磨抛机进行粗磨、细磨、抛光后用配置好的浸蚀剂进行腐蚀，腐蚀时间为40s，腐蚀后用酒精将金相试样冲洗后吹干，再使用JSM-5610LV扫描电镜观察其原奥氏体晶界，如图1所示。
本发明不局限于以上所述的具体实施方式，以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施案例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种显示低合金耐磨钢原奥氏体晶界的浸蚀剂，其特征在于：原料以重量计包括苦味酸9-15份、十二烷基苯磺酸钠6-10份、餐具洗洁精5-10份、硫氰化钾4-7份、溴水3-6份、蒸馏水100-120份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种显示低合金耐磨钢原奥氏体晶界的浸蚀剂，其特征在于：原料以重量计包括苦味酸9份、十二烷基苯磺酸钠6份、餐具洗洁精5份、硫氰化钾4份、溴水3份、蒸馏水100份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的一种显示低合金耐磨钢原奥氏体晶界的浸蚀剂，其特征在于：所述餐具洗洁精主要成分包括烷基磺酸钠、脂肪醇醚硫酸钠、泡沫剂、增溶剂、香精、水、色素和防腐剂；主要有效成分是烷基磺酸钠、脂肪醇醚硫酸钠。
4.一种显示低合金耐磨钢原奥氏体晶界的浸蚀剂的应用，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
（1）试样制备：低合金耐磨钢在酸性感应炉中进行冶炼，冶炼后将其铸造成钢坯，然后将钢坯加工成金相试样；
（2）将步骤（1）的金相试样放至高温箱式电阻炉加热保温，最后取出空冷；
（3）将步骤（2）的金相试样进行粗磨、细磨、抛光后用配置好的浸蚀剂进行腐蚀，使用扫描电镜观察其晶界。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种显示低合金耐磨钢原奥氏体晶界的浸蚀剂的应用，其特征在于：所述步骤（3）中将金相试样用配置好的浸蚀剂进行腐蚀40s，腐蚀后用酒精将金相试样冲洗后吹干，再使用扫描电镜观察其原奥氏体晶界。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种显示低合金耐磨钢原奥氏体晶界的浸蚀剂的应用，其特征在于：所述低合金耐磨钢是碳含量为0.2-0.3wt%，硅含量为0.5-0.6wt%，锰含量为0.9-1.1wt%，并含有铬元素、钼元素、镍元素、铝元素及其合金的低合金耐磨钢。
7.根据权利要求4所述的一种显示低合金耐磨钢原奥氏体晶界的浸蚀剂的应用，其特征在于：所述金相试样制备的方法包括以下步骤：
（1）熔炼：将低合金耐磨钢放到酸性感应炉熔炼；
（2）将熔炼后的低合金耐磨钢采用消失模铸造成钢坯，浇注温度1560-1600℃；
（3）浇注完成后待钢坯冷却到800-900℃时空冷至室温；
（4）热处理：将钢坯升温至820-860℃进行奥氏体化，升温速率<5℃/min，转变时间1-2h，然后取出空冷。
8.一种显示低合金耐磨钢原奥氏体晶界的浸蚀剂的制备方法，其特征在于：将苦味酸、十二烷基苯磺酸钠、餐具洗洁精、硫氰化钾、溴水、蒸馏水按所述重量混合搅拌加热至70摄氏度即可。
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