The cultural method and aquaculture method of a kind of biological flocculation
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of aquaculture, more particularly to a kind of biological flocculation cultural method and aquaculture
Method.
Background technology
China is Yang Xia big countries main in the world, and the Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low yield of China is accounted for more than 800,000 tons within 2015
Gross World Product 33% or so.Current cultivation scale gradually expands, and as people are pursued the blindness of high yield, puts close in a suitable place to breed
Degree is continuously increased, and Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low aquaculture model structure is single, the big caused cultivation water environment of daily ration, feeding quantity is continuous worsening, infectiousness
The problems such as disease large-scale outbreak, seriously constrain the further development of shrimp culture industry.
Prawn biological flocculation cultural technique cultivates expert Avnimelec and was proposed in 1999 by Israel earliest, and in
In Indonesia's success of the test, mainly by manipulating water nutrition structure, to organic carbonizable substance is added in water body, adjust within 2005
C/N ratios in water saving body, promote the breeding of heterotrophicy bacteria in water body, using microbial assimilation inorganic nitrogen, by the ammonia nitrogen in water body
Bacterium self component is changed into Deng cultivation metabolite, and particulate matter is flocculated into by bacterium and ingested by cultivated animals,
Play and maintain water environment stabilization, realize that zero changes water, improves cultivation survival rate, reduces the one of the effects such as feed coefficient and controlling disease
Item technology, it is considered as effective replacement skill of the environmental constraints that solution aquaculture industry development is faced and feed cost
Art.
Numerous studies find there is multiple beneficial microorganism, such as nitrobacteria and denitrifying bacteria in natural breeding water body,
Such bacterium has nitrogen removal performance, the ammonia and nitrite nitrogen in water body can be converted into innocuous substance.In addition, also existing in water body
Various bacteriums to cause of disease with antagonism, only could effectively suppress pathogen when such bacterium has the advantage status
Breeding;Also there are various bacterium to the cultivated animals immunity such as prawn fish with facilitation, Ke Yiti in water body simultaneously
The Immunoresistance of cultivated animals high.But due to being supported using the water body after filtering or sterilization more than current prawn culturing pattern
Grow, most beneficial bacteriums are also removed, and cause beneficial bacteria strain to lack, on the other hand, beneficial bacteria growing is maintained in breeding water body
Nutriment is short of and unbalanced, the restriction factor as beneficial bacterium propagation, therefore beneficial bacterium difficulty is cultivated in conventional cultivation
Greatly.Practice result is also indicated that, even if splashing beneficial bacterium in water body, the recall rate of corresponding bacterium afterwards is extremely low within several days, shows to support
Grow the survival of environment and uncomfortable beneficial bacterium.
The content of the invention
It is the above-mentioned technical problem for overcoming prior art to exist, the invention provides a kind of cultural method of biological flocculation,
It and by adjusting the addition of organic carbon source in water body, keeps certain C/N in water body by adding beneficial bacterium in water body
Than that can effectively facilitate the amount reproduction of beneficial bacterium in water body, accelerate the formation of biological flocculation, so as to obtain the biological wadding of big particle diameter
Group.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves above-mentioned technical problem is as follows:A kind of cultural method of biological flocculation, it include with
Lower step:
To organic carbon source is added in water body, the C/N ratios that the addition of organic carbon source is met in water body are 15~17:1;
To addition bacillus licheniformis, bacillus laterosporus and Lactobacillus casei, the bacillus licheniformis, side in water body
The addition total amount of spore bacillus and Lactobacillus casei is met per addition 0.8 × 10 in ml water bodys5~1.2 × 105cfu;
It is aerated in water body, maintains the dissolved oxygen in water body in more than 6mg/L.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:15~17 are maintained at by by the C/N ratios in water body:Can be lichens in the range of 1
The breeding of bacillus, bacillus laterosporus and Lactobacillus casei provides more preferable environment and required nutriment, is conducive to
The amplification of the beneficial bacterium.
On the basis of above-mentioned technical proposal, the present invention can also do following improvement.
Further, the C/N ratios that the addition of the organic carbon source meets in water body are 16:1.
Beneficial effect using above-mentioned further scheme is:C/N ratios in water body are maintained at 16:1 level, can make a living
The culture of thing floc sedimentation provides optimal condition, can reach the growth for maximizing and promoting beneficial bacterium, reduces ammonia nitrogen and nitrous in water body
The level of nitrogen.
Further, the portion rate of the bacillus licheniformis, bacillus laterosporus and Lactobacillus casei is 25:50:25.
Further, the organic carbon source includes molasses and cavings.
Beneficial effect using above-mentioned further scheme is:Using refine sugar accessory substance molasses and cereal shell cavings as
Organic carbon source, reduces the toxigenic capacity of biological flocculation.
Further, the addition of the molasses and cavings accounts for the number of total organic carbon for the ratio of molasses and cavings is 70:
30。
Further, the organic carbon source is added once for daily, the bacillus licheniformis, bacillus laterosporus and cheese
Lactobacillus is to add once for every seven days.
Further, the pH value of the water body is maintained in the range of 7~9, and the temperature of the water body is maintained above 20 DEG C
In the range of.
Present invention also offers a kind of aquaculture method, specifically include:Bacillus licheniformis, side are added in culturing pool
Spore bacillus and Lactobacillus casei, the total amount of adding of the bacillus licheniformis, bacillus laterosporus and Lactobacillus casei expire
0.8 × 10 is added in the every ml cultivation waters of foot5~1.2 × 105cfu;And organic carbon source is added, continue oxygenation and cultivated.
Further, the organic carbon source includes molasses and cavings, in breeding process, persistently adds molasses and cavings, protects
The C/N ratios for holding breeding water body are 16:1.
Further, the portion rate of the bacillus licheniformis, bacillus laterosporus and Lactobacillus casei is 25:50:25.
Compared with prior art, the aquaculture method that the present invention is provided has the beneficial effect that:(1) lichens gemma bar is used
Bacterium, bacillus laterosporus, three kinds of reasonable composites of beneficial microbe of Lactobacillus casei are used, in can effectively controlling water environment
The content of the harmful substances such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, keeps the microecological balance in breeding water body;(2) kept by adding organic carbon source
Suitable C/N ratios in cultivation water, the compound regulation and control of three kinds of beneficial microorganisms of collaboration, can be efficiently organic by the particle in water body
Thing, dissolved organic matter and inorganic nitrogen are converted into the floccule body that aquaculture object can ingest, and so as to improve water quality, drop significantly
The low purification cost of cultivation water, mitigates pressure of the cultivation to environment;(3) using the molasses and cavings of scientific matching compound use
As organic carbon source, the utilization carbon source of beneficial bacterium continuous and effective can be made, for beneficial bacterium provide more preferable environment and needed for nutrition
Material, promotes the growth of beneficial bacterium.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the biological flocculation cultural method that the embodiment of the present invention one is provided;
Ammonia nitrogen concentration becomes in prawn culturing water body of the blank control group with biological flocculation cultivation group that Fig. 2 is provided for the present invention
Change tendency chart;
Fig. 3 is the blank control group for providing of the invention and the prawn culturing Nitrite nitrogen of biological flocculation cultivation group
Change in concentration tendency chart;
Biological flocculation sinks in prawn culturing water body of the blank control group with biological flocculation cultivation group that Fig. 4 is provided for the present invention
Drop amount changing trend diagram.
Specific embodiment
Principle of the invention and feature are described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, example is served only for explaining the present invention, and
It is non-for limiting the scope of the present invention.It should be noted that in the case where not conflicting, in embodiments herein and embodiment
Feature can be mutually combined.
Embodiment one
As shown in figure 1, the step of the present embodiment exemplarily gives biological flocculation cultural method, specifically includes following step
Suddenly:
S1:To organic carbon source is added in water body, the C/N ratios that the addition of organic carbon source is met in water body are 15~17:1;
S2:To addition bacillus licheniformis, bacillus laterosporus and Lactobacillus casei, the lichens gemma bar in water body
The addition total amount of bacterium, bacillus laterosporus and Lactobacillus casei is met per addition 0.8 × 10 in ml water bodys5~1.2 × 105cfu;
S3:It is aerated in water body, maintains the dissolved oxygen in water body in more than 6mg/L.
In the incubation of biological flocculation, need continuously to oxygenic aeration in water body, keep the dissolved oxygen in water body to exist
More than 6mg/L, can improve the mixing intensity of water body, so as to can increase the agglomerating frequency of bioflocculation and keep suspending.The PH of water body
Value should be maintained in the range of 7~9, and the temperature of the water body should be maintained above in the range of 20 DEG C, be the training of biological flocculation
Support and an excellent environment is provided.Wherein, C/N of the addition of organic carbon source in water body can daily add one than calculating
Secondary, C/N ratios are 15~17 in keeping water body:It is bacillus licheniformis, bacillus laterosporus and Lactobacillus casei in the range of 1
Three kinds of growths of beneficial bacterium provide nutriment in a balanced way, and beneficial bacterium can obtain quickly breeding in this kind of water body of environment,
Preferably, the C/N ratios in water body can be maintained at 16:1 level, the organic carbon source of addition is needed according to the C/N than calculating,
The C/N than water body in, the growth of beneficial bacterium is more excellent;Meanwhile, the agglomerating frequency of bioflocculation is increased, flocculated suspension is agglomerating
The diameter of the biological flocculation of acquisition can reach 0.3~1mm, and the particle diameter of the biological flocculation of middle acquisition is big than existing methods, biology wadding
The trophic component of group also more rationally, when the bait as aquatic animal, can improve water quality, reduce ammonia nitrogen and nitrous in water body
The level of nitrogen, substantially reduces the purification cost of cultivation water.
In a preferred embodiment of the present embodiment, the accessory substance molasses and the shell cavings of cereal refined sugar can be made
It is organic carbon source, toxigenic capacity is relatively low;And molasses can quickly be utilized in adding water body, reaction speed is fast, and cavings is first
It is small molecule first to need to be decomposed by the microorganisms, then is utilized, relatively more persistently and stable.Preferably, can be by molasses and cavings
It is the ratio of molasses and cavings for 70 to account for the number of total organic carbon:30 proportioning is added in water body, multiple using the rational proportion
Conjunction is used, and can make the utilization carbon source of beneficial bacterium continuous and effective, for beneficial bacterium provide more preferable environment and needed for nutriment, promote
Enter the growth of beneficial bacterium.
In a preferred embodiment of the present embodiment, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus laterosporus and Lactobacillus casei
Total amount of adding meet per ml cultivation waters in add 0.8 × 105~1.2 × 105The standard of cfu, bacillus licheniformis therein,
The proportioning of bacillus laterosporus and Lactobacillus casei is 25:50:25.Preferably, its addition meets and is added per in ml cultivation waters
105The standard of cfu, can add once, it is ensured that beneficial bacterium is appropriate in water body for every seven days in biological flocculation incubation, maintain
Microecological balance in water body.
The present embodiment provide biological flocculation cultural method, its pass through using bacillus licheniformis, bacillus laterosporus,
Three kinds of reasonable composites of beneficial microbe of Lactobacillus casei are used, and can effectively control the nuisance such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide in water environment
The content of matter, keeps the microecological balance in water body;And the molasses and cavings of scientific matching compound use are used as organic carbon
Source, toxigenic capacity is low, also may be such that beneficial bacterium, continuously and effectively using carbon source, keeps the C/N ratios in water body in suitable scope
It is interior;Cooperate with the compound regulation and control of three kinds of beneficial microorganisms again, can efficiently by the particulate organic matter in water body, dissolved organic matter and
Inorganic nitrogen is converted into floccule body, generation biological flocculation that can be quickly simultaneously lasting, can be used as the bait of aquaculture object, can be very big
Ground reduces the level of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen in breeding water body, plays the effect of the purification cost for improving water quality and reducing cultivation water.
Embodiment two
Based on the cultural method of the biological flocculation described in embodiment one, a kind of aquaculture method is present embodiments provided,
Specifically, addition bacillus licheniformis, bacillus laterosporus and Lactobacillus casei in culturing pool, the bacillus licheniformis,
The total amount of adding of bacillus laterosporus and Lactobacillus casei is met per addition 0.8 × 10 in ml cultivation waters5~1.2 × 105cfu;And
Organic carbon source is added, is continued oxygenation and is cultivated.
Organic carbon source therein uses molasses and cavings, in breeding process, the C/N ratios of breeding water body need to be kept to be in
16:1 level, according to the quality of the C/N added than calculating molasses and cavings, the addition proportioning of molasses and cavings is molasses
The 70% of total organic carbon is accounted for, cavings accounts for the 30% of total organic carbon;Bacillus licheniformis, bacillus laterosporus and Lactobacillus casei
The bacillus licheniformis for 25%, 50% bacillus laterosporus and 25% Lactobacillus casei are matched, its total addition can
Meet per addition 0.8 × 10 in ml cultivation waters5~1.2 × 105The standard of cfu, it is preferable that addition in every ml cultivation waters can be met
0.8×105~1.2 × 105The standard of cfu.By the way that bacillus licheniformis, bacillus laterosporus, three kinds of Lactobacillus casei is beneficial
The reasonable composite of microorganism is used and the molasses and cavings of scientific matching compound use are added to material culture as organic carbon source
Culturing pool in, can effectively control the harmful substance contents such as ammonia, hydrogen sulfide in water environment, play a part of to balance Tiny ecosystem;And
Particulate organic matter in water body, dissolved organic matter and inorganic nitrogen can be converted into the floccule body that aquaculture object can ingest,
Sufficient nutrition provided so as to be reached for material culture, improve water quality, reduce the purpose of the purification cost of cultivation water.
With Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low it is cultivation object in the present embodiment, tests the shadow that above-mentioned aquaculture method grows to material culture
Ring and the influence to cultivation water.
Experiment is carried out in the square tanks of 300L, and it is cultivation object to choose Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low, its average body it is a length of (6.6 ±
0.2) cm, average weight is (4.0 ± 0.5) g, and quoted from Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low cultivating pool, brackish water salinity is 3 ‰ to experimental water,
Two groups of experiments, respectively blank control group and biological flocculation cultivation group are carried out simultaneously, every group sets two parallel, each experimental troughs
30 tail Environment of Litopenaeus vannamei Low are put into after adding water.
The treatment of blank control group:Daily at 7 points in the morning, afternoon 4:30 feed bait twice, feeding volume to prawn respectively
According to 3% calculating of prawn body weight, the oxygenation in 24 hours during whole cultivation is persistently cultivated 30 days.
The treatment of biological flocculation cultivation group:To probiotics is added in each experimental trough, that is, add lichens gemma bar
Bacterium, bacillus laterosporus and Lactobacillus casei, its proportioning for 25% bacillus licheniformis, 50% bacillus laterosporus and
25% Lactobacillus casei, the addition total amount of bacillus licheniformis, bacillus laterosporus and Lactobacillus casei is according to 105cfu/ml
Addition, it is ensured that the condition of the C/N=16 in breeding water body, once, the specific addition time can be the morning 8 for addition daily:30 add
Plus, probiotics can be added once for every seven days, and daily at 7 points in the morning, afternoon 4:30 feed bait twice to prawn respectively,
The composition and input amount of bait are kept such as blank control group, the oxygenation in 24 hours during whole cultivation, persistently cultivate 30
My god.
During cultivation, U.S.'s Hash HACH Water Test Kits (models are used daily:HQ30d single channel input multi-parameter numeral
Change analyzer) temperature of breeding water body, dissolved oxygen and pH value are measured.Water analysis method is using national standard analysis side
Method, a water sample was taken every 7 days, through 0.45um filtering with microporous membrane after, Berthelot spectrophotometry and hydrochloric acid is respectively adopted
The ammonia nitrogen and cultured water concentration of naphthodiamide spectrophotometry breeding water body.
As shown in table 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, table 1 is the prawn culturing of blank control group and biological flocculation cultivation group to experimental result
Conventional water quality parameter compares in water body, and Fig. 2 is that blank control group is dense with ammonia nitrogen in the prawn culturing water body of biological flocculation cultivation group
Degree variation tendency compares, and Fig. 3 is the prawn culturing Nitrite nitrogen concentration of blank control group and biological flocculation cultivation group
Variation tendency compares.
The blank control group of table 1. compares with conventional water quality parameter in the prawn culturing water body of biological flocculation cultivation group
As can be seen from Table 1, water temperature is essentially natural temperature, two groups of indifferences.Blank control group pH excursions exist
Between 8.91~8.96, biological flocculation cultivation group pH excursions between 8.91~8.06, with cultivation carrying out show
Basicity in the trend for gradually reducing, this amount reproduction consumption water body with heterotrophic microorganism is relevant.Dissolved oxygen oxygen is more stable,
Two groups of indifferences.Blank control group COD changes are smaller, and scope exists in 101~121mg/L, biological flocculation cultivation group COD scopes
101~195, mg/L gradually increase.Between 1.4~6.3mg/L, biological flocculation is cultivated the excursion of blank control group total nitrogen
The excursion of group total nitrogen shows gradually increased trend between 1.4~5.1mg/L with the carrying out for cultivating.Blank
The excursion of control group total organic carbon is larger between 14~6mg/L, and as the carrying out of cultivation gradually reduces, biological flocculation is supported
The excursion for growing group total organic carbon is larger between 14~71mg/L, is gradually risen as foreign aid's addition organic carbon source shows
Trend.
Ammonia nitrogen concentration variation tendency is shown in Fig. 2 in water body, as seen from Figure 2, in the water body of biological flocculation cultivation group, opens
Begin slowly to increase with the carrying out of cultivation, biological flocculation amount, ammonia nitrogen concentration gradually increases, when proceeding to 10 days or so, with
The increase ammonia nitrogen concentration reduction of biological flocculation amount, maintains reduced levels always afterwards.Nitrite nitrogen content changes
Trend is shown in Fig. 3, as seen from Figure 3, in the water body of biological flocculation cultivation group, starts with the carrying out of cultivation, biological flocculation
Amount slowly increases, and nitrite nitrogen concentration gradually increases, and when proceeding to 15 days or so, nitrite nitrogen concentration reaches maximum
Value, because the change of nitrite nitrogen concentration has the lag period of several days, subsequent nitrite nitrogen than ammonia nitrogen concentration change
Concentration reduction, maintains reduced levels always afterwards.
In addition, at the end of cultivation, the deposition of biological flocculation in culturing pool is determined using English Huo Fushi conical pipes, sample quiet
Put reading after 20min.Every time experiment be respectively provided with 2 it is parallel, average and be analyzed.Biological flocculation settling amount variation tendency is such as
Shown in Fig. 4, as a result show, the deposition of biological flocculation is substantially unchanged in blank control group, settling amount is 3ml/L or so;It is raw
Biological flocculation deposition shows gradually increased trend in thing floc sedimentation cultivation group, during to the 10th day or so for cultivating, reaches one
Individual larger quantities, is 16ml/L, keeps this amount to change afterwards little.Test result indicate that the formula in the present invention cultivates biological wadding
Group has preferable effect.
And terminate that the statistics survival number of each group prawn, biology body be long and body weight in experiment, calculate respectively prawn survival rate,
Specific growth rate and rate of body weight gain, result of calculation are as shown in table 2.Wherein,
Survival rate (%)=end end number/initial mantissa × 100;
Specific growth rate (%)=(whole opisthosoma long-first initial body long)/first initial body is long × and 100;
Rate of body weight gain (%)=(whole opisthosoma weight-original body mass)/original body mass × 100.
The comparing of the prawn survival rate, specific growth rate and rate of body weight gain of the blank control group of table 2. and biological flocculation cultivation group
As can be seen from Table 2, the prawn survival rate of biological flocculation cultivation group is 85%, the prawn survival rate of blank control group
It is 45%, the specific growth rate of biological flocculation cultivation group prawn is 1.84%/day, the specific growth rate of prawn of blank control group is
1.35%/day, the prawn rate of body weight gain of biological flocculation cultivation group is 73.8%, and the rate of body weight gain of blank control group prawn is 42%.It is logical
Cross experimental result and understand that addition organic carbon source cultivates the biological flocculation cultivation group of biological flocculation and addition compound micro-ecological preparation
Obviously higher than blank control group in prawn survival rate, three kinds of growth indexes of specific growth rate and rate of body weight gain.Show to use
The biological flocculation and aquaculture method that the present invention is provided have raising prawn survival rate and somatotrophic effect.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, be not intended to limit the invention, it is all it is of the invention spirit and
Within principle, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements made etc. should be included within the scope of the present invention.