CN106750128A - 一种有机硅改性聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种有机硅改性聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN106750128A
CN106750128A CN201611230042.XA CN201611230042A CN106750128A CN 106750128 A CN106750128 A CN 106750128A CN 201611230042 A CN201611230042 A CN 201611230042A CN 106750128 A CN106750128 A CN 106750128A
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孙东明
徐运欢
罗文景
高鹏东
卢灼均
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Abstract

本发明涉及高分子材料领域,更具体的说涉及一种有机硅改性聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法,该制备方法原料包括:聚醚多元醇、异佛尔二异氰酸酯、催化剂、端碳羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷,该方法是将聚醚多元醇、异佛尔二异氰酸酯,催化剂、端碳羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷置于反应釜中,加热条件下反应完全后冷却至室温,得到预聚材料;将所得预聚材料和1,4‑丁二醇在加热条件下反应,加入乙醇封端;降温后即得。该有机硅改性聚氨酯树脂具有较低的表面能和优良的耐热性、机械性能等特点,表现为良好的稳定性,另一目的在于提供其制备方法,便于工业化生产。

Description

一种有机硅改性聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料领域,更具体的说涉及一种有机硅改性聚氨酯树脂及其制备方法。
技术背景
聚氨酯(PU)是一种多功能的聚合物材料,也是发展最快的高分子材料之一。聚氨酯含有特征单元结构氨基甲酸酯键(—NH—CO—),链中含有交替的软链段和硬链段,使得其聚集态结构为多相结构,这决定了聚氨酯涂料优良的耐磨、柔韧等性能。然而单一的聚氨酯涂料在耐水性、光泽、硬度等方面的性能还不够理想,通过改性可以使其获得更加优异的综合性能。聚氨酯的改性有两种方式:一种是通过简单的物理方法将具有互补特性的两种或多种树脂混合在一起;另一种是通过化学方法使产品具有两种或多种体系的特性。
有机硅(主要是聚硅氧烷)具有极好的耐高低温性,优良的化学稳定性和电绝缘性、憎水性、透气性、低玻璃转化温度、生理惰性及生物相容性。用其来改性聚氨酯树脂,可以赋予树脂很多优良的性能:良好的耐水性、耐老化性、耐高低温性、耐候性和耐溶剂性等。人们对有机硅改性水性聚氨酯的工艺及其性能进行了较为广泛的研究。专利CN1208365C在不加溶剂的条件下,使用氨基硅油、聚醚多元醇、二异氰酸酯为原料,进行共聚反应制得了有机硅改性聚氨酯材料,其既有优良的力学性能,又具有较好的表面性能、耐热性,且合成是在不加有机溶剂的条件下进行的,无环境污染,符合“绿色材料”的发展方向。但是由于-NH2与-NCO的反应活性比较强,容易快速反应产生凝胶,所以一般对反应条件要求比较苛刻,而且由于氨基硅油改性聚氨酯形成脲基,硬段内聚能大,相容性较差,乳液稳定性不好,分离现象较为严重,从而影响到了聚氨酯乳液及其胶膜的各种性能。有机硅改性水性醇酸树脂也是人们感兴趣的一个研究领域。专利CN104086761A公开了一种有机硅单体改性水性醇酸树脂的制备方法,该法所得到的产品既有传统基础醇酸树脂漆膜丰满、易于施工的特点,也具有有机硅耐高温、耐水的特点。但是由于有机硅与醇酸树脂的相容性很差,而且其改性采用的有机硅单体,生成了大量的易水解的Si-O-C键,所以这种有机硅单体改性水性醇酸树脂存在着稳定性不好的缺点。
发明内容
(一)要解决的技术问题
本发明在吸取了前人研究经验的基础上,致力于提供一种有机硅改性聚氨酯树脂,该有机硅改性聚氨酯树脂具有较低的表面能和优良的耐热性、机械性能等特点,表现为良好的稳定性,另一目的在于提供其制备方法,便于工业化生产。
(二)技术方案
一种有机硅改性聚氨酯树脂,其特征在于:该有机硅改性聚氨酯树脂包括下述原料制备而成:聚醚多元醇、异佛尔二异氰酸酯、催化剂、端碳羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷。
本发明提供一种有机硅改性聚氨酯树脂,所述的有机硅改性聚氨酯树脂由以下方法制备,包括以下步骤:
步骤1)按重量份计,将聚醚多元醇36-48份,异佛尔二异氰酸酯25-32份,催化剂0.1-0.3份和端碳羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷12-23份置于反应釜中,在70~80℃条件下反应2-3小时,反应完全后冷却至室温,得到预聚材料;
步骤2)将步骤1)所得预聚材料和1,4-丁二醇15-18份,在70~80℃条件下反应2-4小时,加入42-54份二甲苯;
步骤3)升温到65℃,反应2小时后加入乙醇封端,再反应3~5小时后降温即得到有机硅改性聚氨酯树脂。
所述的聚醚多元醇化合物在90-110℃下进行真空除水干燥50-70分钟;
所述的端碳羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷的化学结构式具体如下:
此种结构的端碳羟基二甲基硅氧烷是硅与碳羟基直接相连,即为硅碳羟基Si-C-OH,Si-C-OH具有优异的耐水解性能,稳定性好等优点;而不是其他专利中所述的硅氧碳羟基Si-O-C-OH,Si-O-C-OH容易水解,不稳定。
所述的催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTDL)、丁基锡酸。
一种有机硅改性聚氨酯树脂分散体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1)按重量份计,将聚醚多元醇36-48份,异佛尔二异氰酸酯25-32份,催化剂0.1-0.3份和,端碳羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷12-23份置于反应釜中,在70~80℃条件下反应2-3小时,反应完全后冷却至室温,得到预聚材料;
步骤2)将步骤1)所得预聚材料和二羟甲基丙酸5-9份,在70~80℃条件下反应2-4小时,加入42-54份丙酮;
步骤3)降温至40℃,加入三乙胺4-6份,反应1小时。
步骤4)将步骤3)所得反应物搅拌下加入10份10%乙二胺水溶液,然后加入200份去离子水,搅拌2小时,减压蒸馏出丙酮即得固含量为30%的水性聚氨酯分散体。
通过本发明方法改性后的有机硅聚氨酯树脂与普通的脂肪族聚氨酯树脂相比,具有更好的光泽度,在防粘性能、表面爽滑度、耐磨性、耐水性等方面都有明显的优势,特别适合用于高性能的聚氨酯合成革以及合成革表面涂饰剂,能够大大提高有机硅与聚氨酯树脂的相容性,得到的改性聚氨酯不会出现普通聚硅氧烷改性出现的相容性不佳导致的各种问题。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚明了,下面结合具体实施方式,对本发明进一步详细说明。应该理解,这些描述只是示例性的,而并非要限制本发明的范围。此外,在以下说明中,省略了对公知结构和技术的描述,以避免不必要地混淆本发明的概念。
实施例1
步骤1)将聚醚类多元醇化合物在90℃下进行真空出水干燥70分钟;
步骤2)将聚醚多元醇360g,异佛尔二异氰酸酯250g,DBTDL 1g和端碳羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷120g置于反应釜中,在70℃条件下反应3小时,反应完全后冷却至室温,得到预聚材料;
步骤3)所得预聚材料和1,4-丁二醇150g,在70~80℃条件下反应2-4小时,加入450g二甲苯;
步骤4)升温到65℃,反应2小时后加入乙醇封端,再反应3~5小时后降温即得有机硅改性聚氨酯树脂。
实例2
步骤1)将聚醚类多元醇化合物在90℃下进行真空出水干燥70分钟;
步骤2)将聚醚多元醇420g,异佛尔二异氰酸酯280g,DBTDL 2g和端碳羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷180g置于反应釜中,在70℃条件下反应2.6小时,反应完全后冷却至室温,得到预聚材料;
步骤3)所得预聚材料和1,4-丁二醇160g,在70~80℃条件下反应2-4小时,加入500g二甲苯;
步骤4)升温到65℃,反应2小时后加入乙醇封端,再反应3~5小时后降温即得有机硅改性聚氨酯树脂。
实例3
步骤1)将聚醚类多元醇化合物在90℃下进行真空出水干燥70分钟;
步骤2)将聚醚多元醇360g,异佛尔二异氰酸酯250g,DBTDL 1g和端碳羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷120g置于反应釜中,在60℃条件下反应3小时,反应完全后冷却至室温,得到预聚材料;
步骤3)将步骤2)所得预聚材料和二羟甲基丙酸50g,在60~80℃条件下反应2-4小时,加入400g丙酮;
步骤4)降温至40℃,加入三乙胺40g,反应1小时。
步骤5)将步骤4)所得反应物搅拌下加入100g10%乙二胺水溶液,然后加入2000g去离子水,搅拌2小时,减压蒸馏出丙酮即得固含量为30%左右的水性聚氨酯分散体。
实例4
步骤1)将聚醚类多元醇化合物在90℃下进行真空出水干燥70分钟;
步骤2)将聚醚多元醇420g,异佛尔二异氰酸酯280g,DBTDL 2g和端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷180g置于反应釜中,在70℃条件下反应2.6小时,反应完全后冷却至室温,得到预聚材料;
步骤3)将步骤2)所得预聚材料和二羟甲基丙酸55g,在60~80℃条件下反应2-4小时,加入450g丙酮;
步骤4)降温至40℃,加入三乙胺45g,反应1小时。
步骤5)将步骤4)所得反应物搅拌下加入110g10%乙二胺水溶液,然后加入2000g去离子水,搅拌2小时,减压蒸馏出丙酮即得固含量为30%左右的水性聚氨酯分散体。
实施例5
步骤1)将聚醚类多元醇化合物在90℃下进行真空出水干燥70分钟;
步骤2)按重量份计,将聚醚多元醇480g,异佛尔二异氰酸酯320g,DBTDL2g和,端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷230g置于反应釜中,在80℃条件下反应2小时,反应完全后冷却至室温,得到预聚材料;
步骤3)将步骤2)所得预聚材料和二羟甲基丙酸60g,在60~80℃条件下反应2-4小时,加入450g丙酮;
步骤4)降温至40℃,加入三乙胺50g,反应1小时。
步骤5)将步骤4)所得反应物搅拌下加入120g10%乙二胺水溶液,然后加入2000g去离子水,搅拌2小时,减压蒸馏出丙酮即得固含量为30%左右的水性聚氨酯分散体。
本发明上述实施例中聚醚多元醇等反应原料,均购自广州文龙化工有限公司,购买日期2015年12月22日。
试验例
将实施例3~5所制得的有机硅改性聚氨酯树脂,与水性催干剂等助剂配漆涂膜,配漆的组分按重量百分比如下:
表1
水性催干剂为环绮化工的Rockwood水性催干剂Zr10WM,使用的时候,需要配合其他水性型催干剂Ca10WM、Co10WM及Mn10WM;消泡剂为Silok公司的Silok4680,润湿剂为Silok公司的Silok8000。
对比例
将聚氨酯树脂,与水性催干剂等助剂配漆涂膜,配漆的组分按重量百分比如下:
表2
聚氨酯树脂 65wt%
水性催干剂 1wt%
消泡剂 0.2wt%
流平剂 0.2wt%
33.6wt%
试验例性能测试
对乳液及漆膜的性能进行测试,结果如表1所示。其中粒径采用动态光散射激光粒度仪(DLS,Malvern,ZS-Nano-S)测定;接触角采用静态接触角测量仪(JC2000C1Powereach,上海中晨数字技术设备有限公司)测定;吸水率通过将胶膜裁成25mm×25mm的正方形,称重(m1),在室温下置于自来水中浸泡24小时,用吸水纸吸去胶膜表面水分,称量(m2),按(m1-m2)/m1×100%公式计算;拉伸强度、断裂伸长率采用通用的拉力试验机(InstronCorporation,Series IX)测定;漆膜硬度按GB/T 6739-2006测定;附着力按GB/T 9286-1998测定。
表3实施例4~6乳液及漆膜性能测试结果
测试项目 实施例3 实施例4 实施例5 对比例
外观 无色透明 无色透明 无色透明 无色透明
粒径/mm 94 93 97 78
接触角/θ 103 101 105 86
吸水率/% 1.3 0.9 1.0 3.1
拉伸强度/MPa 10.6 11.2 11.4 10.6
断裂伸长率/% 410 460 480 356
硬度 2H 2H 2H H
附着力/级 0 0 0 1
试验结论:从上表中可以看出:由于对聚氨酯树脂进行改性使得实施例4-6制得的涂料接触角、吸水率、断裂伸长率性能有了明显提高,拉伸强度未发生变化。

Claims (5)

1.一种有机硅改性聚氨酯树脂,其特征在于:该有机硅改性聚氨酯树脂包括下述原料制备而成:聚醚多元醇、异佛尔二异氰酸酯、催化剂、端碳羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种有机硅改性聚氨酯树脂,所述的有机硅改性聚氨酯树脂由以下方法制备,包括以下步骤:
步骤1)按重量份计,将聚醚多元醇36-48份,异佛尔二异氰酸酯25-32份,催化剂0.1-0.3份和端碳羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷12-23份置于反应釜中,在70~80℃条件下反应2-3小时,反应完全后冷却至室温,得到预聚材料;
步骤2)将步骤1)所得预聚材料和1,4-丁二醇15-18份,在70~80℃条件下反应2-4小时,加入42-54份二甲苯;
步骤3)升温到65℃,反应2小时后加入乙醇封端,再反应3~5小时后降温即得到有机硅改性聚氨酯树脂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的有机硅改性聚氨酯树脂,其特征在于,聚醚多元醇化合物在90-110℃下进行真空除水干燥50-70分钟。
4.根据权利要求2所述的有机硅改性聚氨酯树脂,其特征在于,所述的催化剂为二月桂酸二丁基锡(DBTDL)、丁基锡酸。。
5.一种制备权利要求1所述有机硅改性聚氨酯树脂分散体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1)按重量份计,将聚醚多元醇36-48份,异佛尔二异氰酸酯25-32份,催化剂0.1-0.3份和,端碳羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷12-23份置于反应釜中,在70~80℃条件下反应2-3小时,反应完全后冷却至室温,得到预聚材料;
步骤2)将步骤1)所得预聚材料和二羟甲基丙酸5-9份,在70~80℃条件下反应2-4小时,加入42-54份丙酮;
步骤3)降温至40℃,加入三乙胺4-6份,反应1小时。
步骤4)将步骤3)所得反应物搅拌下加入10份10%乙二胺水溶液,然后加入200份去离子水,搅拌2小时,减压蒸馏出丙酮即得固含量为30%的水性聚氨酯分散体。
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