CN106749240B - 一种能够高选择性检测并去除汞离子的荧光传感器分子及其合成和应用 - Google Patents

一种能够高选择性检测并去除汞离子的荧光传感器分子及其合成和应用 Download PDF

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CN106749240B
CN106749240B CN201610937236.7A CN201610937236A CN106749240B CN 106749240 B CN106749240 B CN 106749240B CN 201610937236 A CN201610937236 A CN 201610937236A CN 106749240 B CN106749240 B CN 106749240B
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林奇
毛鹏鹏
郑峰
刘露
魏太保
张有明
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Abstract

本发明设计合成了一种基于羧酸功能化萘二甲酰亚胺的荧光传感器分子,是以萘环为荧光信号报告基团,羧酸基为离子结合位点和亲水基团,其中荧光传感器分子上的羧基以钠盐形式存在,增强了传感器的水溶性,使其易溶于水,同时该羧基与能够与汞离子配位,从而实现了在纯水介质中对汞离子的单一选择性识别,检测限为1.183×10−6mol/L,检测过程具有很高的灵敏度。更为重要的是,该荧光传感器分子与Hg2+结合后形成沉淀,可以方便的去除水溶液中的Hg2+。因此,该传感器分子能同时荧光检测和沉淀分离水中的Hg2+,在环境检测和污染治理方面有很好的应用前景。

Description

一种能够高选择性检测并去除汞离子的荧光传感器分子及其 合成和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种汞离子传感器分子,尤其涉及一种能够高选择性检测并去除汞离子的荧光传感器分子及其合成方法;本发明同时还涉及该荧光传感器分子的高选择性荧光检测、去除汞离子的应用。
背景技术
汞目前被大量的应用在化工原料、电气设备、银汞合金以及电池中,在自然状态下的汞以及汞的氧化物对人体和自然环境具有有很大的危害。因此,检测和分离去除汞离子在环境监测和污染治理方面具有重要的意义。在各种检测汞离子的方法中,荧光探针法具有高灵敏度、容易操作的特征,已经越来越受到人们的关注。到目前为止,一方面许多汞离子荧光探针已经被合成,但是大部分的传感器都含有硫原子,硫原子与汞容易形成Hg–S键,并且使得识别过程不可逆,难以循环。并且大部分含硫的传感器在富硫环境中都很容易受到干扰和影响,难以发挥检测汞离子的作用。另一方面,在生物和环境系统中,汞离子经常出现在水溶液中,但是大部分传感器都不溶于水,难以检测汞离子,因此就需要一种能够在水溶液中检测汞离子的荧光传感器。同时,常见的汞离子分离材料都是用离子交换树脂等材料,使用成本较高。因此设计合成能同时高选择性检测和分离汞离子的传感器分子具有更好的应用价值。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有技术存在的问题,提供一种能够高选择性检测并去除汞离子的荧光传感器分子;
本发明的另一目的是提供一种上述能够检测并去除汞离子荧光传感器分子的制备方法。
一、汞离子荧光传感器分子
本发明设计的汞离子荧光传感器分子,是以萘环为荧光信号报告基团,羧酸基为离子结合位点和亲水基团,标记为M2,化学名称为2,2'-(1,3,6,8-四氧代 [lmn][3,8]邻二氮杂菲-2,7(1H,3H,6H,8H)-取代)二乙酸钠,其结构式为:
其中荧光传感器分子上的羧基以钠盐形式存在,增强了传感器的水溶性,使其易溶于水,同时该羧基与能够与汞离子配位,从而实现了在纯水介质中对汞离子的单一选择性识别;更为重要的是,荧光传感器分子与Hg2+结合后形成沉淀,可以方便的去除水溶液中的Hg2+。这种能同时荧光检测和沉淀分离Hg2+的传感器分子在环境检测和污染治理方面有很好的应用前景。
二、汞离子荧光传感器分子的合成
DMF为溶剂,1,4,5,8萘四甲酸苷和甘氨酸为反应底物进行回流反应;反应完成后冷却至室温,旋蒸除去溶剂,固体用乙醇洗涤,真空干燥,用DMSO-H2O的混合溶剂重结晶,得到羧酸功能化的萘酰亚胺衍生物——(2,2'-(1,3,6,8-四氧代 [lmn][3,8]邻二氮杂菲-2,7(1H,3H,6H,8H)-取代)二乙酸);再使其与氢氧化钠反应形成钠盐,即得汞离子荧光传感器分子。
反应底物1,4,5,8萘四甲酸苷和甘氨酸的摩尔比为1:2;回流反应温度为135~140℃;回流时间为48~72h。羧酸功能化的萘酰亚胺衍生物与氢氧化钠的摩尔比为1:2,在室温下就可形成钠盐。
三、传感器分子的汞离子荧光识别
1、传感器分子对阳离子离子识别性能研究
分别移取0.5 mL M2的水溶液(2×10-3mol/L)于一系列10 mL 比色管中,然后再分别加入Fe3+、Hg2+、Ag+、Ca2+、Cu2+、Co2+、Ni2+、Cd2+、Pb2+、Zn2+、Cr3+、Mg2+的水溶液(4×10-3mol·L-1)2.5mL。用蒸馏水稀释至5mL,此时M2浓度为2×10-4mol·L-1,阳离子浓度为M2浓度的10倍,观察各个受体对阳离子的响应。发现,当在M2的水溶液中分别加入上述阳离子的水溶液时,只有Hg2+的加入使M2溶液产生黄色荧光,在其相应的荧光光谱中,Hg2+的加入使M2在423nm处出现吸收峰,而其余阳离子的加入对M2的荧光光谱无明显影响(图1)。说明M2能够对汞离子进行专一性的识别。
2、M2的滴定实验
移取2.0mLM2的水溶液(2.0×10-4mol/L)于比色池中,用累积加样法逐渐加入Hg2+ 的水的溶液。发现随着汞离子的加入,主体M2在425nm处的吸收峰逐渐增强,直到终点,于25℃测其荧光发射光谱(图2)。通过对滴定数据的处理以及应用下面公式,测出了汞离子检测的最低检测限LOD=1.183×10-6 M。
3、抗干扰性能检测
为了测定传感器分子M2对Hg2+的检测效果,我们又进行了如下测试:取两组10ml比色管分别加入0.5mL该受体的水溶液,再分别加入0.25mL各种阳离子的水溶液(4×10- 3mol·L−1),然后用蒸馏水稀释至5mL刻度;另外一组中再分别加0.25mL Hg2+,在每一个比色管中分别加入0.25mL其它十一种阳离子(Fe3+,Ag+,Ca2+,Cu2+,Co2+,Ni2+,Cd2+,Pb2+,Zn2+,Cr3 +,Mg2+),然后用蒸馏水稀释至5mL刻度。将上述溶液混合均匀后进行观察。结果发现,加入上述十一种阳离子后,受体M2在423nm处的荧光吸收峰仍然存在,这与Hg2+对受体的影响是一致的(见图3),从而说明M2检测Hg2+基本不受其它阳离子的干扰。
4、M2的pH响应实验
为了测定M2的pH响应性,我们做了如下测试:分别在pH值在2~14之间的水溶液体系中加入0.5mL的M2溶液和0.5mL的汞离子溶液,结果发现,在pH值在4~8之间,响应可以稳定检测汞离子(见图4)。
5、M2对Hg2+识别机理
针对传感器分子M2对Hg2+识别机理的探究,我们通过红外光谱、高分辨质谱等表征手段进行了验证。主体主体与加离子后的配合物对比的红外谱图(图5)表明:M2在1720cm-1处的羧基的伸缩振动峰在当加入Hg2+后,此吸收峰消失图,表明M2和Hg2+形成了通过羧基配位结合,从而实现了对汞离子的识别效果。高分辨质谱(图6)对主体M2与离子的配合物数据表明:主体M2和Hg2+是1:1络合的。因此,我们对受体M2对Hg2+识别机理探讨如下:当加入Hg2+时,一个M2的羧基与一个Hg2+结合在一起,与Hg2+结合形成的金属配合物如下:
四、传感器M2对汞离子的去除实验
将传感器分子M2与汞离子的高氯酸盐分别配置成摩尔比为1:1,2:1,浓度分别2×10-5,2×10-6,2×10-7mol/L的溶液,将其进行离心后取其上层清液5mL,通过电感耦合等离子体(ICP)检测发现,在浓度为2×10-5及以下时,溶液中已检测不出汞离子,表明M2可以很好地去除水溶液中的汞离子,从而达到检测并在水溶液中应用的目的。ICP实验数据见表1。
附图说明
图1为M2对汞离子的荧光响应图;
图2为M2对汞离子的滴定实验;
图3为M2对其它阳离子的抗干扰图;
图4为M2的PH响应图;
图5为M2与Hg2+红外谱图;
图6为M2与Hg2+高分辨质谱。
图 7为M2的质谱。
图 8 为M2核磁谱图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明传感器分子M2的结构、合成、以及对汞离子的荧光检测、去除作进一步说明。
实施例1、传感器分子M2的合成
取2mmol 1,4,5,8萘四甲酸苷和4mmol甘氨酸,置于100 mL圆底烧瓶中,再加入20mL DMF,在油浴上140℃加热回流反应三天,待反应停止冷却至室温后,将溶剂DMF用旋转蒸发仪除去;所得固体用乙醇洗涤三到五次,真空干燥箱中烘干,然后用DMSO和水的混合溶剂重结晶,得到土褐色固体;产率达到70%。
取 2.5mmol土褐色固体,5mmol氢氧化钠,置于50 mL圆底烧瓶中,加入25mL 水,在室温下搅拌2分钟,待反应结束后旋干溶剂,即得产物M2。其合成式如下:
M2的质谱及核磁谱图见图7、8。
实施例2、传感器分子M2的荧光检测Hg2+
在传感器分子M2的水溶液(2×10-3mol/L)中,加入Fe3+, Hg2+, Ag+, Ca2+ ,Cu2+,Co2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Cr3+, Mg2+的水溶液(4×10-3 mol·L-1),若M2溶液产生黄色荧光,这说明加入的是Hg2+;若M2溶液的荧光无明显变化,这说明加入的是其它阳离子。
实施例3、传感器分子M2去除水溶液中的Hg2+
在含有Hg2+的水溶液中(2×10-5mol/L)10mL,加入汞离子荧光传感器分子的水溶液(2×10-5mol/L),搅拌下出现白色沉,离心除去沉淀。通过电感耦合等离子体(ICP)检测直至溶液中检测不出汞离子。

Claims (2)

1.一种汞离子荧光传感器分子在纯水中检测汞离子的应用,其特征在于:在传感器分子水溶液中,加入Fe3+, Hg2+, Ag+, Ca2+ ,Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Cr3+, Mg2+的水溶液,若传感器分子水溶液产生黄色荧光,这说明加入的是Hg2+;若传感器分子水溶液的荧光无明显变化,这说明加入的是其它阳离子;所述汞离子荧光传感器分子的结构式为:
2.一种汞离子荧光传感器分子在除去水溶液中汞离子的应用,其特征在于:在传含有Hg2+的水溶液中,加入汞离子荧光传感器分子的水溶液,搅拌下出现白色沉,离心除去沉淀得到不含汞离子的水溶液;所述汞离子荧光传感器分子的结构式为:
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