CN106748231A - 一种含辣木屑的富硒秀珍菇培养基及使用方法 - Google Patents
一种含辣木屑的富硒秀珍菇培养基及使用方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106748231A CN106748231A CN201611262484.2A CN201611262484A CN106748231A CN 106748231 A CN106748231 A CN 106748231A CN 201611262484 A CN201611262484 A CN 201611262484A CN 106748231 A CN106748231 A CN 106748231A
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- Prior art keywords
- moringa
- culture medium
- bits
- oyster mushroom
- selenium enriched
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- 235000011347 Moringa oleifera Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N selenium Chemical compound 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- RQNWIZPPADIBDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N arsenic Chemical compound 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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
Abstract
本发明公开了一种含辣木屑的富硒秀珍菇培养基，按重量百分数计，主要由以下原料制成：40‑50％辣木木屑、30‑40％杂木木屑、5‑15％棉籽壳和5‑15％麦麸。本发明含辣木屑的富硒秀珍菇培养基，其组成均为纯天然原料，不添加任何人工合成的硒素营养，可生产出富硒秀珍菇产品，并可保障秀珍菇子实体产量和提高品质。本发明培养基，主要成分辣木木屑的氮素营养丰富，质地疏松、透气性好，秀珍菇菌丝生长浓密、洁白，生长速度快；本发明培养基，可适当减少麦麸的用量，降低原料成本，且不改变原有栽培技术规程，易于掌握，便于推广。
Description
一种含辣木屑的富砸秀珍菇培养基及使用方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及食用菌栽培领域，特别涉及一种含辣木肩的富硒秀珍菇培养基及使用 方法。
背景技术
[0002] 辣木(Moringa oleifera Lam.)亦称油辣木或鼓槌树，是一种热带落叶乔木，原产 北印度亚喜马拉雅区域及非洲。辣木的叶、嫩芽、嫩荚、嫩茎和根具有很高的营养价值和药 用价值。近几年，随着人们对辣木营养价值和药用价值的认识，辣木的推广栽培日益受重 视，我国在广东、广西、海南、四川和云南等省陆续有较大规模种植。
[0003] 辣木为多年生速生树种，1年生的辣木树高可达2.8-4.2米，地径达3.6-6.3厘米， 生物量巨大。辣木各部位中，辣木籽、叶、嫩芽、嫩荚、嫩茎的综合利用均有较广泛的研究和 开发利用，而辣木茎杆的综合利用研究很少见报道。辣木栽培管理中修剪砍伐会产生大量 的辣木莖杆，这部分资源亟待开发利用。秀珍燕(Pleurotus pulmonarius)是一种新兴的侧 耳类食用菌新品种，其味道鲜美、肉质脆嫩，深受消费者喜爱。秀珍菇可在南方地区的4-11 月份反季节栽培，淡季上市，市场前景好，近年来在福建、广东、广西等地区发展迅速。秀珍 菇属于木腐类食用菌，可利用多种树的木肩、桑枝等材料栽培，但利用辣木木肩栽培秀珍菇 的研究尚未见报道。
[0004] 公开于该背景技术部分的信息仅仅旨在增加对本发明的总体背景的理解，而不应 当被视为承认或以任何形式暗示该信息构成已为本领域一般技术人员所公知的现有技术。
发明内容
[0005] 本发明的目的在于提供一种含辣木肩的富硒秀珍菇培养基，以克服现有富硒农产 品，都是人工向土壤或基质里添加无机硒，成本高的缺点，本发明的培养基栽培得到富硒的 秀珍菇。
[0006] 本发明的另一目的在于提供一种含辣木肩的富硒秀珍菇培养基的使用方法。
[0007] 为实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种含辣木肩的富硒秀珍菇培养基，按重量百分 数计，主要由以下原料制成:40-50 %辣木木肩、30-40 %杂木木肩、5-15 %棉籽壳和5-15 % 麦麸。
[0008] 优选地，上述技术方案中，所述的含辣木肩的富硒秀珍菇培养基，按重量百分数 计，主要由以下原料制成:50%辣木木肩、30%杂木木肩、10%棉籽壳和10%麦麸。
[0009] 优选地，上述技术方案中，所述的含辣木肩的富硒秀珍菇培养基，按重量百分数 计，主要由以下原料制成:40 %辣木木肩、40 %杂木木肩、10 %棉籽壳和10 %麦麸。
[0010] 优选地，上述技术方案中，所述辣木木肩的硒含量>0.03mg/kg。
[0011] 优选地，上述技术方案中，所述杂木肩含有楓木肩。
[0012] —种含辣木肩的富硒秀珍菇培养基的使用方法，利用上述含辣木肩的富硒秀珍菇 培养基进行秀珍菇的栽培，包括以下步骤：
[0013] (1)将秀珍菇培养基装袋，然后灭菌，待冷却后进行接种，得到菌包，在25-28°C的 培养室发菌培养，菌丝长满袋后，继续培养至有黄水出现；
[0014] (2)出菇管理:将待出菇的菌包置于5-10°C低温下冷处理12-24h，然后在室温下进 行喷水，4天后采收即可。
[0015] 优选地，上述技术方案中，所述步骤(2)中出菇管理还包括采收后停止喷水，隔15 天后再进行5-10 °C低温冷处理12-24h，然后在室温下进行喷水，4天后采收即可，如此循环， 共采收4批菇。
[0016] 与现有技术相比，本发明具有如下有益效果：
[0017] (1)本发明含辣木肩的富硒秀珍菇培养基，在培养基中添加辣木肩。辣木茎杆营养 丰富，其氮素含量达1%以上，而且辣木具有富集土壤硒营养的作用，辣木肩中的硒含量远 高于杂木肩。辣木茎杆粉碎为辣木肩，代替部分杂木肩进行秀珍菇栽培，不仅可解决因辣木 茎杆废置于地头所导致的生态环境问题，还能变废为宝，促进辣木茎杆资源化利用。同时， 辣木茎杆栽培秀珍菇，可为秀珍菇栽培提供新的原材料，解决秀珍菇栽培原料不足问题，降 低秀珍菇栽培的原料成本。
[0018] (2)本发明的富硒秀珍菇培养基，其组成均为纯天然原料，不添加任何人工合成的 硒素营养，可生产出富硒秀珍菇产品，并可保障秀珍菇子实体产量和提高品质。主要成分辣 木木肩的氮素营养丰富，质地疏松、透气性好，秀珍菇菌丝生长浓密、洁白，生长速度快;且 栽培得到的秀珍菇子实体硒含量显著升高，并达到富硒食用菌标准。还可适当减少麦麸的 用量，降低原料成本，且不改变原有栽培技术规程，易于掌握，便于推广。
[0019] (3)添加适量的辣木肩栽培秀珍菇，不仅可保障秀珍菇子实体产量，还能提高品 质，特别是可生产出富硒秀珍菇产品。
[0020] (4)本发明含辣木肩的富硒秀珍菇培养基的使用方法，与常规秀珍菇培养基使用 方法相同，易于掌握，便于推广。
具体实施方式
[0021] 下面结合具体实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细描述，但应当理解本发 明的保护范围并不受具体实施方式的限制。
[0022] 实施例1
[0023] 一种含辣木肩的富硒秀珍菇培养基，按重量百分数计，主要由以下原料制成:50% 辣木木肩、30%杂木木肩、10%棉籽壳和10%麦麸。
[0024] 实施例2
[0025] 一种含辣木肩的富硒秀珍菇培养基，按重量百分数计，主要由以下原料制成:40% 辣木木肩、40 %杂木木肩、10 %棉籽壳和10 %麦麸。
[0026] 实施例3
[0027] 一种含辣木肩的富硒秀珍菇培养基，按重量百分数计，主要由以下原料制成:45% 辣木木肩、35%杂木木肩、10%棉籽壳和10%麦麸。
[0028] 对比例1
[0029] —种秀珍菇培养基，按重量百分数计，主要由以下原料制成：75%杂木木肩、10% 棉籽壳和15 %麦麸。
[0030]实施例和对比例中用到的材料有辣木木肩、杂木木肩、棉籽壳和麦麸。辣木茎杆材 料收集自广西南宁市美丽南方园区习缘辣木有限公司基地。辣木茎杆砍后粉碎晾干后备 用。杂木肩来自天峨县，以楓木木肩为主。从辣木肩和杂木肩堆分别随机多点抽样，各取 500g样品，烘干以备分析用。棉籽壳购自湖北省的中绒中壳类棉籽壳，麦麸购自本地市场。 秀珍菇菌株为中国台湾秀珍，来自广西农业科学院微生物研究所。
[0031] 其中辣木来自适硒或富硒地区，种植辣木地区的土壤硒含量>〇. 38mg/kg。辣木木 肩中硒的含量>0.03mg/kg。
[0032] 1、秀珍菇的栽培
[0033] 使用实施例1 -3和对比例1不同的原料组分制成的培养基栽培秀珍菇，栽培方法如 下：
[0034] 每一实施例原料用量为50公斤干重，调节水分含量为65%，然后用17cmX 35cm规 格的聚丙烯塑料袋装袋，同一实施例每袋重量要求一致，然后于121°C下灭菌2h。冷却后按 无菌操作技术接种，于28°C培养室发菌培养。培养期间采用划线法测量菌丝生长速度，并目 测记录菌丝生长势和密度。菌丝长满袋后，继续培养至有少量黄水出现。每一实施例选取生 长良好无污染的菌包，菌包数量为该实施例制包总量的72%，再将选出的菌包分成3份，每 份为1个重复，使得各处理每一重复菌包原料干重均为12公斤。将待出菇的菌包置于8°C低 温下冷处理24h，然后于室温下（6-7月份)进行喷水等出菇管理，4天后采收，测定子实体产 量。采收后停止喷水，隔15天后再进行冷处理和出菇管理，如此循环，共测产采收4批菇。采 收第二批菇时，实施例1和对比例1的每一重复各抽取鲜菇lKg，于55°C烘干后供分析用。 [0035] 2、样品成分分析
[0036] 检测指标及方法分别为：硒元素采用GB5009.93-2010中的第一法测定，总氨基酸 含量采用GB/T 5009.124-2003的方法，粗蛋白用硫酸-双氧水消煮和蒸馏法测定，粗脂肪用 GB/T 15674-2009法，粗纤维含量用酸洗涤法，灰分用干灰化法，镉含量用GB 5009.15-2014,砷含量用GB 5009.11-2014,铅含量用GB 5009.12-2010第一法，汞含量用GB 5009.17-2014。
[0037] 3、辣木木肩对秀珍菇菌丝生长的影响
[0038] 检测不同培养基栽培对秀珍菇菌丝的生长情况，如表1所示。
[0039] 表1秀珍菇在添加不同比例辣木肩培养基中的菌丝生长情况
[0040]
[0041] 从表1可知，50公斤干重的原料，辣木肩用量越多的处理，制备的菌包数量越多，说 明辣木肩比杂木肩更蓬松，每袋装料量更少。其中，表中同一列中不同小写字母表示在0.05 水平上差异显著。下同。
[0042] 4、辣木木肩对秀珍菇子实体产量的影响
[0043] 检测不同培养基栽培对秀珍菇子实体产量的影响，如表2所示。
[0044] 表2秀珍菇在添加不同比例辣木肩培养基中的子实体产量
[0045]
[0046] 从表2可知，同样为12Kg干重的原料，使用含有辣木的培养基处理的秀珍菇产量与 对比例的产量差距不是很明显。实施例1、实施例2和实施例3前四潮菇的产量分布较均匀， 总生物学转化率为75.7-78.0%。
[0047] 5、辣木木肩对秀珍菇子实体营养成分的影响
[0048] 检测不同培养基栽培对秀珍菇子实体产量的影响，以实施例1、实施例2和对比例1 进行对比。对比结果如表3所示。
[0049] 表3辣木肩对秀珍菇子实体主要营养成分的影响
[0050]
[0051] 如表3所示，将实施例1、实施例2和对比例I (CK)生产出的秀珍菇子实体进行营养 成分分析，结果表明（表3)，辣木处理的秀珍菇的氨基酸含量显著高于对照处理，而两者的 无氮浸出物、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维和灰分含量则无明显差异。
[0052] 6、辣木木肩对秀珍菇子实体重金属含量的影响
[0053] 检测不同培养基栽培对秀珍菇子实体重金属含量的影响，以实施例1和对比例1进 行对比。对比结果如表4所示。
[0054] 表4辣木肩对秀珍燕子实体硒元素含量的影响
[0055]
[0056] 如表4所示，将实施例1、实施例2、实施例3和对比例I (CK)培养基栽培生产出的秀 珍菇子实体进行硒含量比较分析，结果表明（表6)，经辣木处理的秀珍菇硒含量显著高于对 比例1处理的，且含量处于食用菌富硒标准范围（DB6124.01-2010和BD45/T1061-2014)。
[0057] 前述对本发明的具体示例性实施方案的描述是为了说明和例证的目的。这些描述 并非想将本发明限定为所公开的精确形式，并且很显然，根据上述教导，可以进行很多改变 和变化。对示例性实施例进行选择和描述的目的在于解释本发明的特定原理及其实际应 用，从而使得本领域的技术人员能够实现并利用本发明的各种不同的示例性实施方案以及 各种不同的选择和改变。本发明的范围意在由权利要求书及其等同形式所限定。
Claims (7)
1. 一种含辣木肩的富硒秀珍菇培养基，其特征在于，按重量百分数计，主要由以下原料 制成:40-50 %辣木木肩、30-40 %杂木木肩、5-15 %棉籽壳和5-15 %麦麸。
2. 根据权利要求1所述的含辣木肩的富硒秀珍菇培养基，其特征在于，按重量百分数 计，主要由以下原料制成:50%辣木木肩、30%杂木木肩、10%棉籽壳和10%麦麸。
3. 根据权利要求1所述的含辣木肩的富硒秀珍菇培养基，其特征在于，按重量百分数 计，主要由以下原料制成:40 %辣木木肩、40 %杂木木肩、10 %棉籽壳和10 %麦麸。
4. 根据权利要求1所述的含辣木肩的富硒秀珍菇培养基，其特征在于，所述辣木木肩的 硒含量 >〇.〇3mg/kg。
5. 根据权利要求1所述的含辣木肩的富硒秀珍菇培养基，其特征在于，所述杂木肩含有 楓木肩。
6. —种含辣木肩的富硒秀珍菇培养基的使用方法，其特征在于，利用权利要求1所述含 辣木肩的富硒秀珍菇培养基进行秀珍菇的栽培，包括以下步骤： (1) 将秀珍菇培养基装袋，然后灭菌，待冷却后进行接种，得到菌包，在25-28°C的培养 室发菌培养，菌丝长满袋后，继续培养至有黄水出现； (2) 出菇管理：将待出菇的菌包至5-10°C低温下冷处理12-24h，然后在室温下进行喷 水，4天后采收即可。
7. 根据权利要求6所述含辣木肩的富硒秀珍菇培养基的使用方法，其特征在于，所述步 骤⑵中出菇管理还包括采收后停止喷水，隔15天后再进行5-10°C低温冷处理12-24h，然后 在室温下进行喷水，4天后采收即可，如此循环，共采收4批菇。
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| CN113444650A (zh) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-09-28 | 福州市农业科学研究所 | 一株肺形侧耳菌及其应用 |
| CN113615516A (zh) * | 2021-09-07 | 2021-11-09 | 攸县金湘米业有限责任公司 | 一种富硒大米及其制作方法 |
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| CN113444650A (zh) * | 2021-06-28 | 2021-09-28 | 福州市农业科学研究所 | 一株肺形侧耳菌及其应用 |
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