CN106745632B

CN106745632B - Portable pesticide interception device for purifying farmland water

Info

Publication number: CN106745632B
Application number: CN201710030086.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 饶磊; 王沛芳; 郭翔; 王超; 钱进; 侯俊
Original assignee: Hohai University HHU
Current assignee: Hohai University HHU
Priority date: 2017-01-17
Filing date: 2017-01-17
Publication date: 2021-02-12
Anticipated expiration: 2037-01-17
Also published as: CN106745632A

Abstract

The invention discloses a portable pesticide interceptor for purifying farmland water, which comprises an interceptor (21) and a pesticide core (4), wherein the interceptor (21) is provided with a groove, and the groove is provided with a plurality of water leakage holes (20); an opening is arranged on the interceptor (21), the opening is communicated with the groove, and the medicine core (4) is positioned between the opening and the plurality of water leakage holes (20); the automatic opening and closing device is characterized by further comprising a plurality of intermittent opening and closing control devices for controlling the plurality of water leakage holes (20) to open and close, and the intermittent opening and closing control devices are fixedly arranged above the plurality of water leakage holes (20). The invention is arranged at the water outlet of all farmlands, can effectively intercept and purify the pesticide-containing sewage discharged from each farmland, and prevents high-concentration pesticide sewage from entering a drainage canal.

Description

Portable pesticide interception device for purifying farmland water

Technical Field

The invention relates to a portable pesticide interceptor for purifying farmland water, and belongs to the technical field of farmland non-point source control.

Background

In modern agricultural production, various types of agriculture are applied in large areas for the purpose of preventing, destroying or controlling diseases, insects, grasses and other harmful organisms that harm agriculture, forestry and for purposefully regulating, controlling and influencing the metabolism, growth, development and reproduction processes of plants and harmful organisms. In China, pesticides are mainly used for the purposes of preventing diseases and pests, regulating plant growth, weeding and the like, the usage amount of the pesticides is about 80 ten thousand tons every year, the pesticides live in the world first, and the total amount of pesticide production is always famous in the world second from 1990. The application of the pesticide can bring about two effects, on one hand, the yield of crops can be increased by correctly and properly using the pesticide, the harm of diseases, insects and grass of the crops can be controlled, the high yield and the high quality of products can be promoted, and the high yield and the high harvest of agriculture can be ensured. On the other hand, pesticide residues can cause long-term and irreversible damage to soil, water sources and organisms, and the current pesticide pollution condition in China is quite severe.

The pesticide is not a single compound, and has complex and variable components, but is generally contained in various substances such as alkaloid, glucoside, toxic protein, volatile essential oil, tannin, resin, organic acid, ester, ketone, terpene and the like. Internationally, the application, preservation and subsequent treatment methods of pesticides are definitely specified, according to statistics, 81.2 percent of nitrate ingested by human bodies comes from polluted vegetables, the nitrate is a precursor of nitrosamine which is a three generally accepted cancer substance at home and abroad, meanwhile, mercury, arsenic, lead, cadmium and other heavy metal elements in municipal refuse, sewage and chemical phosphate fertilizers are also important carcinogenic factors of a nervous system, a respiratory system and an excretion system, and organochlorine pesticides are accumulated in human body fat to induce enzymes of livers and are one of causes of liver cirrhosis and swelling.

The approach of pesticide pollution in agricultural production mainly has two aspects, on one hand, organic pesticides on the surfaces of crops, which are not absorbed by the crops, are dissolved in water and enter a water body through rainfall or irrigation, on the other hand, pollutants are easily adsorbed on the surfaces of soil sand grains, and the sand grains enter a downstream water body along with water flow in the surface runoff, interflow or irrigation drainage process, so that the pollutants are diffused. Pollution of water environment can cause serious harm to people and livestock, especially aquatic organisms (such as fish and shrimp), and meanwhile, pesticides lost in soil can cause soil hardening.

At present, in an agricultural irrigation and drainage system, the efficient utilization of water resources is often emphasized, the attention on pesticide non-point source pollution is not enough, the non-point source pollution control difficulty is higher, pesticide components are generally absorbed and degraded by means of a natural or ecological drainage ditch and a wetland, but the pollution is bound to the on-way soil and animal and plant environments, so that the non-point source pollution can be effectively prevented and controlled from the source of the pesticide non-point source pollution and intercepted by the pesticide, and the method has important significance for reducing the continuous harm of the pesticide to a subsequent ecological system.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a portable pesticide interceptor for purifying farmland water, which aims to intercept and remove high-concentration pesticide sewage at a farmland water outlet in a distributed manner and reduce the diffusion of pesticide pollution to a downstream water body.

In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a portable pesticide interceptor for purifying farmland water, which comprises an interceptor and a pesticide core, wherein the interceptor is provided with a groove, and the groove is provided with a plurality of water leakage holes; the cut-off device is provided with an opening which is communicated with the groove, and the medicine core is positioned between the opening and the plurality of water leakage holes; the intermittent opening and closing control device is used for controlling the opening and closing of the water leakage holes, and the intermittent opening and closing control device is fixedly arranged above the water leakage holes.

Preferentially, the water distributor comprises a water distribution plate and a flow guide plate; the groove is a flat T-shaped groove, the groove comprises a water inlet section and a flow winding section, the bottom of the water inlet section is vertically communicated with the middle of the flow winding section, and the top of the water inlet section is communicated with the opening;

the diversion plate is fixedly arranged in the flow diversion section vertically along the direction parallel to the left part to the right part of the flow diversion section, and is vertically and fixedly connected with the diversion plate; the flow guiding plate comprises a water leakage hole which is a round hole, the water leakage hole is positioned in the flow winding section and is far away from one side of the flow guiding plate, and the center of the water leakage hole is positioned on the axis of the flow guiding plate.

Preferably, the medicine core device comprises a plurality of separation nets, wherein the separation nets are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the water leakage holes, and the medicine core is piled on the outer sides of the separation nets.

Preferably, the intermittent on-off control device comprises an electromagnetic block, a sucker, a support, a guide rod and a sealing ball; support fixed connection the inner wall of section of streaming, the vertical sliding connection of guide arm the support, the horizontal fixed connection of sucking disc the top of guide arm, ball sealer fixed connection the bottom of guide arm, the ball sealer with the hole that leaks is coaxial, ball sealer diameter is greater than the diameter in the hole that leaks, electromagnetism piece fixed connection the inner wall of section of streaming, the electromagnetism piece is located the top of sucking disc, the material of sucking disc is for having the ferromagnetic stainless steel disc.

Preferentially, including controller and power supply unit, power supply unit includes a plurality of solar energy electroplax and battery, a plurality of the solar energy electroplax is equallyd divide and is articulated respectively the roof of recess, a plurality of solar energy electroplax and battery are all connected the controller, the controller electricity is connected the electromagnetism piece.

Preferentially, the device comprises a filter screen, wherein the filter screen is sleeved at the opening, and a plurality of holes which are distributed at equal intervals are formed in the filter screen.

Preferentially, the device comprises a plurality of supporting legs, wherein the supporting legs are symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the bottom wall of the flow surrounding section; the supporting legs comprise a plurality of telescopic rods, and the telescopic rods are sequentially sleeved with one another and are in sliding connection.

Preferably, the drug core is a solid sphere, the diameter of the drug core is 5-7 cm, the drug core components comprise a water treatment agent, straw powder, fly ash and stearic acid, and the water treatment agent, the straw powder, the fly ash and the stearic acid are uniformly mixed according to the weight ratio of 5:3:6: 1.

Preferably, the water treatment agent is a COD degradation remover, an ammonia nitrogen remover or a phosphorus remover, and the agent is in a powdery form.

Preferentially, the guide arm material is the stainless steel, a plurality of the supporting legs material is the PVC pipe, the interceptor shell the guide plate material is engineering plastics, filter screen, a plurality of separate the net and be the stainless steel net.

The invention achieves the following beneficial effects:

1. the invention is arranged at the water outlet of all farmlands, can effectively intercept and purify the pesticide-containing sewage discharged from each farmland, and prevents high-concentration pesticide sewage from entering a drainage canal.

2. The electromagnetic induction type intermittent opening and closing device is adopted to intermittently discharge the sewage entering the purification device, so that the retention time of the sewage in the device is prolonged, the sufficient reaction time of the residual pesticide in the water and the drug core is ensured, and the purification efficiency is favorably improved.

3. The device is internally provided with a water diversion plate and a flow guide plate structure, so that the on-way length of water flow in the groove is prolonged, the water flow speed is reduced, and the purification efficiency is further improved.

4. This device adopts bottom suspension formula T shape structure, and what can be convenient places in farmland water outlet department, has guaranteed the outflow of farmland drainage on the one hand, and on the other hand can not obstruct the rivers in the drainage hair ditch yet.

5. Aiming at the variety and diversity of agriculture applied in the farmland, one or more medicine cores can be filled in the invention to obtain better purification effect and have good universality and universality.

6. The solar pesticide interception device is simple in structure, quick in effect taking and convenient to maintain, adopts solar energy to provide energy, can run unattended, is convenient to carry, and has a good effect of quickly intercepting pesticides during field pesticide application.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a top view of the layout of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a top view of the T-trap of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a view showing the underside of the T-trap of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an intermittent opening and closing device.

The meanings of the marks in the attached drawing are 1-crop, 2-filter screen, 3-interceptor shell, 4-drug core, 5-guide plate, 6-electromagnet, 7-ridge, 8-sucker, 9-support, 10-guide rod, 11-sealing ball, 12-supporting foot, 13-drainage hair ditch, 14-farmland drainage, 15-farmland soil, 16-field block drainage ditch, 17-solar panel, 18-water diversion plate, 19-separation net, 20-water leakage hole, 21-interceptor and 22-water flow direction.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.

The invention provides a portable pesticide interceptor for purifying farmland water, which comprises an interceptor 21 and a pesticide core 4, wherein the interceptor 21 is provided with a groove, and the groove is provided with a plurality of water leakage holes 20 as shown in figure 4; an opening is formed in the cut-off device 21 and is communicated with the groove, and the medicine core 4 is positioned between the opening and the plurality of water leakage holes 20; the water leakage hole opening and closing device is characterized by further comprising a plurality of intermittent opening and closing control devices for controlling the opening and closing of the water leakage holes 20, wherein one intermittent opening and closing control device is fixedly arranged above the water leakage holes 20. The interceptor shell 3 is a T-shaped groove with an opening at the upper part, is made of engineering plastics and has the wall thickness of 0.8 cm. The T-shaped head is a flow surrounding section, and the width of the T-shaped head is 160 cm; the T-shaped bottom is a water inlet section, the length of the water inlet section is 50cm, the width and the height of the groove are both 40cm, and the diameter of the water leakage hole is 20 cm.

Further, as shown in fig. 2, the present invention comprises a water diversion plate 18 and a flow guide plate 5; the groove is a flat T-shaped groove, the groove comprises a water inlet section and a flow winding section, the bottom of the water inlet section is vertically communicated with the middle of the flow winding section, and the top of the water inlet section is communicated with the opening; the water diversion plate 18 is made of an engineering plastic plate with the thickness of 0.8cm, the height of the water diversion plate is 40cm, the water inlet section is divided into two water tanks with equal intervals by the water diversion plate 18, and water entering the T-shaped interceptor 21 flows in two paths.

The diversion plate 5 is fixedly arranged in the water inlet section along a direction parallel to the top to the bottom of the water inlet section, the diversion plate 5 divides the water inlet section into two identical chambers, the water diversion plate 18 is vertically and fixedly arranged in the flow diversion section along a direction parallel to the left part to the right part of the flow diversion section, and the water diversion plate 18 is vertically and fixedly connected with the diversion plate 5; the water leakage device comprises a water leakage hole 20, wherein the water leakage hole 20 is a round hole, the water leakage hole 20 is positioned in the flow winding section and is far away from one side of the guide plate 5, and the center of the water leakage hole 20 is positioned on the axis of the guide plate 5. The guide plate 5 is also made of an engineering plastic plate with the thickness of 0.8cm, the height of the guide plate is 40cm, the guide plate is arranged in the middle of the flow winding section of the T-shaped interceptor 21, and gaps of 10cm are reserved at two ends of the guide plate respectively to allow water flow to pass through.

Further, the medicine core-breaking device comprises two separation nets 19, the two separation nets 19 are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the water leakage hole 20, the medicine core 4 is stacked on the outer sides of the two separation nets 19, the medicine core 4 is filled in the interceptor 21, the filling height is 3-5 cm lower than the height of the side wall of the interceptor, the installation distance of the two separation nets 19 is 20cm, the separation nets 19 are mainly used for preventing the medicine core 4 from rolling off along with water flow, and meanwhile, an installation space is provided for the intermittent opening and closing device.

Further, as shown in fig. 5, the intermittent on-off control device of the present invention includes an electromagnetic block 6, a suction cup 8, a support 9, a guide rod 10 and a sealing ball 11; support 9 fixed connection the inner wall of section of streaming, the vertical sliding connection of guide arm 10 support 9, the horizontal fixed connection of sucking disc 8 the top of

guide arm

10, 11 fixed connection of ball sealer 11 the bottom of guide arm 10, ball sealer 11 with the hole 20 is coaxial leaks, 11 diameters of ball sealer are greater than the diameter in hole 20 leaks, ball sealer 11 is solid rubber ball, 11 diameters of ball sealer are 10cm, 6 fixed connection of electromagnetism piece the inner wall of section of streaming, electromagnetism piece 6 is located sucking disc 8's top, the installation clearance between electro-magnet 6 and sucking disc 8 is 5~7cm, sucking disc 8's material is for having ferromagnetic stainless steel disc, electromagnetism piece 6 diameter is 8cm, electromagnetism piece 6 thickness is 1 cm.

A through hole matched with the guide rod 10 is formed in the support 9, and the guide rod 10 is connected with the through hole in a sliding manner; the sealing ball 11 is a solid rubber ball with the diameter of 10cm, is arranged above the water leakage hole 20, can completely seal the water leakage hole 20 when falling down, and can prevent water in the T-shaped interceptor 21 from leaking.

Further, the solar sealing device comprises a controller and a power supply device, wherein the power supply device comprises a plurality of solar electric plates 17 and a storage battery, the plurality of solar electric plates 17 are respectively hinged with the top wall of the groove, the plurality of solar electric plates 17 and the storage battery are electrically connected with the controller, the controller is electrically connected with the electromagnetic block 6, and the electromagnet 6 can suck the sucker 8 when being electrified, so that the sealing ball 11 is driven to move upwards.

Further, the invention comprises a filter screen 2, wherein the filter screen 2 is sleeved at the opening, and a plurality of holes are formed in the filter screen 2 and are distributed at equal intervals. The filter screen 2 filters the sewage entering the T-shaped interceptor 21, prevents impurities such as sand, plant stems and leaves from entering the interceptor, and simultaneously can prevent the inner medicine core 4 from falling out.

Further, the invention comprises a plurality of supporting legs 12, wherein the supporting legs 12 are symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the bottom wall of the flow surrounding section; the supporting legs 12 comprise a plurality of telescopic rods, the telescopic rods are sequentially sleeved with one another and are in sliding connection, the telescopic rods are made of PVC pipes, and the telescopic length range of the supporting legs 12 is 10 cm-30 cm and is used for supporting the T-shaped interceptor 21.

Further, the medicine core 4 is a solid sphere, the diameter of the medicine core 4 is 5-7 cm, the components of the medicine core 4 comprise a water treatment agent, straw powder, fly ash and stearic acid, and the water treatment agent, the straw powder, the fly ash and the stearic acid are uniformly mixed according to the weight ratio of 5:3:6:1 and then are subjected to hot die pressing at 220 ℃.

Further, the water treatment agent is one of commercial COD degradation remover, ammonia nitrogen remover and phosphorus remover, and the agent is in a powder form.

Further, the guide rod 10 is made of a stainless steel rod with the diameter of 1cm, the supporting legs 12 are made of PVC pipes, the interceptor shell 3 and the flow guide plate 5 are made of engineering plastics, and the filter screen 2 and the separation screens 19 are made of stainless steel meshes.

As shown in figure 1, the drainage device is fixedly arranged on farmland soil (15) and ridges (7), a plurality of field drainage ditches (16) are communicated with the drainage furrows (13), the drainage device is arranged at the position where the field drainage ditches (16) are communicated with the drainage furrows (13), the openings of the grooves face the field drainage ditches (16), the height difference is formed between the support legs (12) and the drainage furrows (13), the water in the drainage furrows (13) is prevented from flowing backwards into the drainage furrows, and farmland drainage water (14) flows out of the drainage furrows (13).

The working process and principle of the invention are as follows:

in daily agricultural production, the pesticide sprayed on the crops 1 remains on the crop stems and leaves and on the soil surface, and is collected into the field drainage ditch 16 along with water flow during rainfall and irrigation to form high-concentration pesticide sewage. The invention is placed at the water outlet of each farmland, the height of the supporting legs 12 is adjusted, the bottom surface of the T-shaped interceptor 21 is flush with the farmland drainage ditch 16, and simultaneously, the solar cell panel 17 is also unfolded to provide energy for the intermittent opening and closing device (the opening time is 5 seconds, and the closing time is 60 seconds).

When the electromagnet 6 is in the power-on state, the lower suction cup 8 is sucked up and drives the guide rod 10 to move upwards to lift the sealing ball 11, so that the lower water leakage hole 20 is in the open state. At this time, water in the T-shaped interceptor 21 flows into the lower drainage furrows 13 through the water leakage holes 20, and sewage in the field enters the inner T-shaped interceptor 21 through the filter screen 2 from the field drainage ditch 16, and the filter screen 2 can prevent impurities such as sand, plant stems and leaves from entering the interceptor. The water entering the T-shaped trap 21 is divided into two by the diversion plate 18 to continue flowing and flows around the diversion plate 5 to fill the whole T-shaped trap 21.

When the electromagnet 6 is in a power-off state, the sealing ball 11, the guide rod 10 and the sucker 8 plug the water leakage hole 20 at the bottom under the action of gravity, at the moment, water entering the T-shaped interceptor 21 is retained in the device and cannot flow out, the medicine core 4 is soaked in sewage, effective medicine components in the medicine core 4 are dissolved out and chemically react with pesticide components in the sewage, and the pesticide components in the sewage are degraded or converted into harmless substances. When the electromagnet 6 is energized again, the trapped purified water will flow out of the T-trap 21. With the repeated intermittent opening and closing action of the device, the pesticide-containing sewage in the field is gradually purified through the T-shaped interceptor 21 and flows into the drainage furrows 13.

The solar cell panel 17 and the storage battery power supply are adopted for cross power supply, so that power can be supplied by the solar device in the daytime or on days with good weather, and the power can be automatically switched to the storage battery for power supply at night or in rainy days, so that the solar cell panel can continuously operate for 24 hours. The medicine core 4 in the device should be changed frequently according to the use condition, so that the device keeps high purification efficiency.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A portable pesticide interceptor for purifying farmland water is characterized by comprising an interceptor (21) and a pesticide core (4), wherein the interceptor (21) is provided with a groove, and the groove is provided with a plurality of water leakage holes (20); an opening is formed in the cut-off device (21), the opening is communicated with the groove, and the medicine core (4) is positioned between the opening and the plurality of water leakage holes (20); the device also comprises a plurality of intermittent opening and closing control devices for controlling the opening and closing of the water leakage holes (20), and one intermittent opening and closing control device is respectively fixedly arranged above the water leakage holes (20);

comprises a water diversion plate (18) and a guide plate (5); the groove is a flat T-shaped groove, the groove comprises a water inlet section and a flow winding section, the bottom of the water inlet section is vertically communicated with the middle of the flow winding section, and the top of the water inlet section is communicated with the opening;

the flow guide plate (5) is fixedly arranged in the water inlet section along a direction parallel to the top to the bottom of the water inlet section, the water inlet section is divided into two identical chambers by the flow guide plate (5), and the water diversion plate (18) is vertically and fixedly arranged in the flow diversion section along a direction parallel to the left part to the right part of the flow diversion section;

the intermittent start-stop control device comprises an electromagnetic block (6), a sucker (8), a support (9), a guide rod (10) and a sealing ball (11); the support (9) is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the flow winding section, the guide rod (10) is vertically connected with the support (9) in a sliding manner, the sucker (8) is transversely and fixedly connected with the top of the guide rod (10), the sealing ball (11) is fixedly connected with the bottom of the guide rod (10), the sealing ball (11) is coaxial with the water leakage hole (20), the diameter of the sealing ball (11) is larger than that of the water leakage hole (20), the electromagnetic block (6) is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the flow winding section, and the electromagnetic block (6) is located above the sucker (8);

when the electromagnet (6) is in a power-off state, the sealing ball (11), the guide rod (10) and the sucker (8) block the water leakage hole (20) at the bottom under the action of gravity, at the moment, water entering the T-shaped interceptor (21) is stopped in the device and cannot flow out, and the medicine core (4) is soaked in sewage;

the drug core (4) comprises water treatment agent, straw powder, fly ash and stearic acid, wherein the water treatment agent, the straw powder, the fly ash and the stearic acid are uniformly mixed according to the weight ratio of 5:3:6: 1.

2. The portable pesticide trap for purifying farmland water as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the water diversion plate (18) is vertically fixedly connected with the flow guide plate (5); the water leakage device comprises a water leakage hole (20), wherein the water leakage hole (20) is a round hole, the water leakage hole (20) is located in the flow winding section and far away from one side of the guide plate (5), and the center of the water leakage hole (20) is located on the axis of the guide plate (5).

3. The portable pesticide trap for purifying farmland water as claimed in claim 2, which comprises a plurality of separation nets (19), wherein a plurality of the separation nets (19) are symmetrically arranged at both sides of the water leakage holes (20), and the pesticide core (4) is piled at the outer sides of the plurality of the separation nets (19); a plurality of the separation nets (19) are stainless steel nets.

4. The portable pesticide trap as recited in claim 1, characterized in that the suction cup (8) is made of a stainless steel disc having ferromagnetism.

5. The portable pesticide trap as set forth in claim 4, comprising a controller and a power supply device, wherein the power supply device comprises a plurality of solar panels (17) and a storage battery, the plurality of solar panels (17) are respectively hinged to the top wall of the groove, the plurality of solar panels (17) and the storage battery are electrically connected with the controller, and the controller is electrically connected with the electromagnetic block (6).

6. The portable pesticide interceptor for purifying farmland water according to claim 1, characterized by comprising a filter screen (2), wherein the filter screen (2) is sleeved at the opening, and the filter screen (2) is provided with a plurality of holes which are distributed at equal intervals; the filter screen (2) is a stainless steel mesh.

7. The portable pesticide trap for purifying farmland water as claimed in claim 2, which comprises a plurality of supporting feet (12), wherein the supporting feet (12) are symmetrically and fixedly arranged on the bottom wall of the flow-bypassing section; the supporting legs (12) comprise a plurality of telescopic rods which are sequentially sleeved with each other and are in sliding connection.

8. The portable pesticide trap for purifying farmland water as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drug core (4) is a solid sphere, and the diameter of the drug core (4) is 5-7 cm.

9. The portable pesticide trap as recited in claim 8, wherein the water treatment agent is a COD degradation remover, an ammonia nitrogen remover or a phosphorous remover, and the agent is in the form of powder.

10. The portable pesticide trap for purifying farmland water according to claim 7, characterized in that the guide rod (10) is made of stainless steel, the support legs (12) are made of PVC pipes, and the cut-off device shell (3) and the guide plate (5) are made of engineering plastics.