CN106710654A - 一种用于核辐射防护的玄武岩纤维基隔热层 - Google Patents

一种用于核辐射防护的玄武岩纤维基隔热层 Download PDF

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CN106710654A
CN106710654A CN201611144980.8A CN201611144980A CN106710654A CN 106710654 A CN106710654 A CN 106710654A CN 201611144980 A CN201611144980 A CN 201611144980A CN 106710654 A CN106710654 A CN 106710654A
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basalt fibre
basalt fiber
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钱立兵
汪洋
王森
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Weihai Gemho Digital Mine Technology Co ltd
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Anhui Meng Gu Filamentary Material Science And Technology Ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于隔热材料技术领域，具体涉及一种用于核辐射防护的玄武岩纤维基隔热层，以玄武岩纤维毡作为基体，在玄武岩纤维毡基体表面上固定连接柔性铅纤维布，柔性铅纤维布以缝合或粘结的方式固定连接在玄武岩纤维毡基体表面上。本发明相比现有技术具有以下优点：本发明中对浸渍乳液进行相应配比，并进行两次浸渍，在初次浸渍后利用红外线烘箱初步处理所得到的玄武岩纤维毡具有导热系数小、热容量低、密度小、线膨胀系数小、耐高温、耐冲击性强、耐化学腐蚀性强等优点，同时还具有一定的辐射屏蔽功能，能在比较苛刻的环境条件下使用，可加工性强，可根据需要加工相应规格的容器。

Description

一种用于核辐射防护的玄武岩纤维基隔热层
技术领域
本发明属于隔热材料技术领域，具体涉及一种用于核辐射防护的玄武岩纤维基隔热层。
背景技术
随着能源和科技的发展，我国的能源辐射废料储藏逐渐成为我们要考虑的问题，辐射废料的储藏、转运对设备都有防辐射、隔热以及高强度的要求，目前市场上此类产品采用碳纤维和无碱玻璃纤维，碳纤维的造价高，而且还限制进口，无碱玻璃纤维的强度，隔热防辐射效果不显著。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有的问题，提供了一种用于核辐射防护的玄武岩纤维基隔热层。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：一种用于核辐射防护的玄武岩纤维基隔热层，以玄武岩纤维毡作为基体，在玄武岩纤维毡基体表面上固定连接柔性铅纤维布，柔性铅纤维布以缝合或粘结的方式固定连接在玄武岩纤维毡基体表面上；
其中，基体的制备方法包括以下步骤：
（1）准备玄武岩纤维，纤维长度为20-24mm、细度为2.65dtex，经机械城网工艺制成玄武岩纤维层；
（2）将玄武岩纤维经退解、捻线、整经、织造工序制成基布，并将基布上、下面铺网叠放玄武岩纤维层，初步预针刺，然后再经上主刺、下主刺、上主次、修面工序针刺得到基体半成品；
（3）将上述所得基体半成品放入浸渍乳液中浸渍，浸渍完成后用65-70℃的红外线烘箱烘干至其含水量为15-18%，然后再次浸渍；
其中，浸渍乳液由以下重量百分比原料配备而成：椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺4.6-6.2%，超支化聚氨酯乳液8-12%，二甲基羟基硅油乳液2-5%，带端异氰酸酯基的多异氰酸酯预聚物7.2-10.8%，氟碳乳液12-18%，N-羟甲基丙烯酸胺0.6-1.5%，衣康酸0.1-0.3%，余量为水；
（4）浸渍完成后经预烘、烘干和高温定型即得。
作为对上述方案的进一步改进，所述二甲基羟基硅油乳液的分子量为1.6-2.8×104。
作为对上述方案的进一步改进，所述带端异氰酸酯基的多异氰酸酯预聚物，在常温下，粘度为22000mPa·s。
作为对上述方案的进一步改进，步骤（4）中所述预烘温度为90-95℃，烘干温度为160-180℃，高温定型温度为220-240℃。
本发明相比现有技术具有以下优点：本发明中对浸渍乳液进行相应配比，并进行两次浸渍，在初次浸渍后利用红外线烘箱初步处理所得到的玄武岩纤维毡具有导热系数小、热容量低、密度小、线膨胀系数小、耐高温、耐冲击性强、耐化学腐蚀性强等优点，同时还具有一定的辐射屏蔽功能，能在比较苛刻的环境条件下使用，可加工性强，可根据需要加工相应规格的容器。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种用于核辐射防护的玄武岩纤维基隔热层，以玄武岩纤维毡作为基体，在玄武岩纤维毡基体表面上固定连接柔性铅纤维布，柔性铅纤维布以缝合或粘结的方式固定连接在玄武岩纤维毡基体表面上；
其中，基体的制备方法包括以下步骤：
（1）准备玄武岩纤维，纤维长度为24mm、细度为2.65dtex，经机械城网工艺制成玄武岩纤维层；
（2）将玄武岩纤维经退解、捻线、整经、织造工序制成基布，并将基布上、下面铺网叠放玄武岩纤维层，初步预针刺，然后再经上主刺、下主刺、上主次、修面工序针刺得到基体半成品；
（3）将上述所得基体半成品放入浸渍乳液中浸渍，浸渍完成后用68℃的红外线烘箱烘干至其含水量为16%，然后再次浸渍；
其中，浸渍乳液由以下重量百分比原料配备而成：椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺4.6%，超支化聚氨酯乳液12%，二甲基羟基硅油乳液2%，带端异氰酸酯基的多异氰酸酯预聚物10.8%，氟碳乳液12%，N-羟甲基丙烯酸胺1.4%，衣康酸0.1%，余量为水；
（4）浸渍完成后经预烘、烘干和高温定型即得，其中，步骤（4）中所述预烘温度为90℃，烘干温度为160℃，高温定型温度为220℃。
其中，所述二甲基羟基硅油乳液的分子量为2.4×104；所述带端异氰酸酯基的多异氰酸酯预聚物，在常温下，粘度为22000mPa·s。
由本实施例中方法制得的玄武岩纤维毡基体耐化学腐蚀，耐高温，在400℃的使用温度中使用100小时后断裂强度保持率达到90%左右，在600℃的使用温度中使用100小时后断裂强度保持率达到82%左右，在高温860℃条件下工作不会出现收缩现象；导热系数为0.032w/m·k，密度为1.33g/cm³，还具有一定的辐射屏蔽功能，加工方法简单，适用于核毒废弃物及放射性废弃物的储藏、转运设备。
实施例2
一种用于核辐射防护的玄武岩纤维基隔热层，以玄武岩纤维毡作为基体，制备基体过程中所用浸渍乳液由以下重量百分比原料配备而成：椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺5.4%，超支化聚氨酯乳液10%，二甲基羟基硅油乳液4%，带端异氰酸酯基的多异氰酸酯预聚物8.5%，氟碳乳液16%，N-羟甲基丙烯酸胺1.2%，衣康酸0.1%，余量为水；
其余部分与实施例1相同。
由本实施例中方法制得的玄武岩纤维毡基体耐化学腐蚀，耐高温，在400℃的使用温度中使用100小时后断裂强度保持率达到90%左右，在600℃的使用温度中使用100小时后断裂强度保持率达到82%左右，在高温860℃条件下工作不会出现收缩现象；导热系数为0.028w/m·k，密度为1.31g/cm³，还具有一定的辐射屏蔽功能，加工方法简单，适用于核毒废弃物及放射性废弃物的储藏、转运设备。
实施例3
一种用于核辐射防护的玄武岩纤维基隔热层，以玄武岩纤维毡作为基体，制备基体过程中所用浸渍乳液由以下重量百分比原料配备而成：椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺6.2%，超支化聚氨酯乳液8%，二甲基羟基硅油乳液5%，带端异氰酸酯基的多异氰酸酯预聚物7.2%，氟碳乳液18%，N-羟甲基丙烯酸胺0.6%，衣康酸0.3%，余量为水；
其余部分与实施例1相同。
由本实施例中方法制得的玄武岩纤维毡基体耐化学腐蚀，耐高温，在400℃的使用温度中使用100小时后断裂强度保持率达到90%左右，在600℃的使用温度中使用100小时后断裂强度保持率达到82%左右，在高温860℃条件下工作不会出现收缩现象；导热系数为0.034w/m·k，密度为1.37g/cm³，还具有一定的辐射屏蔽功能，加工方法简单，适用于核毒废弃物及放射性废弃物的储藏、转运设备。

Claims (4)

1.一种用于核辐射防护的玄武岩纤维基隔热层，其特征在于，以玄武岩纤维毡作为基体，在玄武岩纤维毡基体表面上固定连接柔性铅纤维布，柔性铅纤维布以缝合或粘结的方式固定连接在玄武岩纤维毡基体表面上；
其中，基体的制备方法包括以下步骤：
（1）准备玄武岩纤维，纤维长度为20-24mm、细度为2.65dtex，经机械城网工艺制成玄武岩纤维层；
（2）将玄武岩纤维经退解、捻线、整经、织造工序制成基布，并将基布上、下面铺网叠放玄武岩纤维层，初步预针刺，然后再经上主刺、下主刺、上主次、修面工序针刺得到基体半成品；
（3）将上述所得基体半成品放入浸渍乳液中浸渍，浸渍完成后用65-70℃的红外线烘箱烘干至其含水量为15-18%，然后再次浸渍；
其中，浸渍乳液由以下重量百分比原料配备而成：椰子油脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺4.6-6.2%，超支化聚氨酯乳液8-12%，二甲基羟基硅油乳液2-5%，带端异氰酸酯基的多异氰酸酯预聚物7.2-10.8%，氟碳乳液12-18%，N-羟甲基丙烯酸胺0.6-1.5%，衣康酸0.1-0.3%，余量为水；
（4）浸渍完成后经预烘、烘干和高温定型即得。
2.如权利要求1所述一种用于核辐射防护的玄武岩纤维基隔热层，其特征在于，所述二甲基羟基硅油乳液的分子量为1.6-2.8×104。
3.如权利要求1所述一种用于核辐射防护的玄武岩纤维基隔热层，其特征在于，所述带端异氰酸酯基的多异氰酸酯预聚物，在常温下，粘度为22000mPa·s。
4.如权利要求1所述一种用于核辐射防护的玄武岩纤维基隔热层，其特征在于，步骤（4）中所述预烘温度为90-95℃，烘干温度为160-180℃，高温定型温度为220-240℃。
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