CN106700118B - 发泡剂组合物和聚氨酯硬质泡沫 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种发泡剂组合物和聚氨酯硬质泡沫。该发泡剂组合物包含:环戊烷8~10质量份;异戊烷4~6质量份;以及245fa 9~11质量份。本发明还提供了一种采用该发泡剂组合物制成的聚氨酯硬质泡沫。本发明的发泡剂组合物与聚醚多元醇相容性好,可以降低聚氨酯硬质泡沫的导热率,有利于降低利用聚氨酯硬质泡沫所制得产品的能耗。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及发泡保温材料技术领域,特别是涉及一种发泡剂组合物和聚氨酯硬质泡沫。
背景技术
传统冰箱箱体的隔热保温材料基本都是由环戊烷单独作为发泡剂,再结合组合聚醚与异氰酸酯完成发泡,形成的聚氨酯硬质泡沫的密度高,导热系数相对也高,并且很难通过对配方的调整实现降低密度和导热系数。
目前,部分冰箱采用多组份物理发泡剂,如其它烷烃类进行合适比例的混合,从而达到降低泡沫导热系数及产品灌注量目的。但泡沫整体导热系数仍然偏高,整机能耗仍较高,产品竞争力低。
发明内容
本发明第一方面的一个目的在于至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一,提供一种能够降低冰箱隔热保温发泡层的密度和导热系数的发泡剂组合物。
本发明第二方面的一个目的是要提供一种导热系数低的聚氨酯硬质泡沫。
按照本发明的第一方面,提供了一种发泡剂组合物,其包含:
环戊烷 8~10质量份;
异戊烷 4~6质量份;以及
245fa 9~11质量份。
可选地,所述发泡剂组合物包含:
环戊烷 9质量份;
异戊烷 5质量份;以及
245fa 10质量份。
按照本发明的第二方面,提供了一种聚氨酯硬质泡沫,其包含:
聚醚多元醇 100质量份;
异氰酸酯 143~145质量份;以及
如前任一所述的发泡剂组合物 23~25质量份。
可选地,所述聚氨酯硬质泡沫包含:
组合聚醚 100质量份;
异氰酸酯 144质量份;以及
如前任一所述的发泡剂组合物 24质量份。
可选地,所述组合聚醚由以下原料混合制成:
平均官能度为4.8~5.0、羟值为400~450mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇58~62质量份;
平均官能度为3.6~3.8、羟值为470~480mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇28~32质量份;
交联剂R350X 4~6质量份;
泡沫稳定剂 1~3质量份;
水 0.8~1质量份;
复合催化剂 1.2~1.4质量份;以及
阻燃剂 7~9质量份。
可选地,所述组合聚醚由以下原料混合制成:
平均官能度为4.9、羟值为400~450mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇60质量份;
平均官能度为3.7、羟值为470~480mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇30质量份;
交联剂R350X 5质量份;
泡沫稳定剂 2质量份;
水 0.9质量份;
复合催化剂 1.3质量份;以及
阻燃剂 8质量份。
可选地,所述复合催化剂为叔胺类与有机锡的复合催化剂;所述泡沫稳定剂为有机硅化合物;所述阻燃剂为有机磷酸酯类。
本发明对发泡剂的配方进行了改进,在环戊烷的基础上增加异戊烷和245fa,该发泡剂组合物与聚醚多元醇相容性好,可以降低聚氨酯硬质泡沫的导热率,从而有利于降低利用聚氨酯硬质泡沫所制得产品的能耗。
进一步地,本发明通过对发泡剂各组分的含量进一步优选,从而进一步降低了聚氨酯硬质泡沫的密度,可以减轻利用聚氨酯硬质泡沫所制得产品的总重量。并且聚氨酯硬质泡沫与基材之间的粘结性好,聚氨酯硬质泡沫还具有密度分布均匀,表面平整,强度大、尺寸稳定好等优点。
进一步地,本发明通过对组合聚醚进行限定,从而更加适合本发明发泡剂组合物,使得本发明的聚氨酯硬质泡沫的各组份互溶性良好,整个体系有优良的储存稳定性;并且本发明的发泡体系具有良好的流动性,脱模周期短,可提高发泡的生产效率。本发明的聚氨酯硬质泡沫在保证冰箱隔热泡沫性能提升的基础上,进一步冰箱降低隔热保温发泡层的导热系数,进而降低冰箱的能耗,减少发泡成本,实现制造企业的收益。
根据下文对本发明具体实施例的详细描述,本领域技术人员将会更加明了本发明的上述以及其他目的、优点和特征。
具体实施方式
本发明实施例的发泡剂组合物可由以下组分构成:8~10质量份的环戊烷(cp);4~6质量份的异戊烷(IP);以及9~11质量份的245fa。
本发明对现有发泡剂的配方进行了改进,在环戊烷的基础上适当增加异戊烷和245fa,该发泡剂组合物与聚醚多元醇相容性好,可以降低聚氨酯硬质泡沫的导热率,有利于降低利用聚氨酯硬质泡沫所制得产品的能耗。
此外,本发明的发泡剂组合物的稳定性较好,发泡剂组合物中的各组分混合后可稳定储存较长时间,如10天以上。
在本发明优选的实施例中,发泡剂组合物可由以下组分构成:9质量份的环戊烷;5质量份的异戊烷;以及10质量份的245fa。此种组分的发泡剂组合物,具有与聚醚多元醇更好的相容性,可进一步降低制成的聚氨酯硬质泡沫的密度。并且聚氨酯硬质泡沫与基材之间的粘结性好,聚氨酯硬质泡沫还具有密度分布均匀,表面平整,强度大、尺寸稳定好等优点。
本发明的发泡剂组合物主要适用于以聚醚多元醇为基料的聚氨酯硬质泡沫发泡体系,制备的聚氨酯硬质泡沫特别适用于冰箱、冰柜、热水器、电饭褒等家用电器类产品绝热保温,也可用于冷冻冷藏设备如冷藏车、冷冻集装箱、贮罐、冷库等。
本发明还提供了利用本发明实施例的发泡剂组合物制备的聚氨酯硬质泡沫。聚氨酯硬质泡沫可包含100质量份的组合聚醚;143~145质量份的异氰酸酯;以及23~25质量份的前述发泡剂组合物。本发明通过对聚氨酯硬质泡沫的各组分的含量进行限定,选取更加适合于本发明的发泡剂组合物的组分含量,可进一步降低聚氨酯硬质泡沫的密度。
表1示出了根据本发明实施例的组合聚醚的组分和配比。其中泡沫稳定剂、复合催化剂、阻燃剂等可选为本技术领域常见的试剂。例如,复合催化剂可以选为叔胺类与有机锡的复合催化剂。泡沫稳定剂可以选为有机硅化合物或有机硅系化合物,其主要结构是:聚硅氧烷-氧化烯烃嵌段共聚物。阻燃剂可以选为有机磷酸酯类。本申请的发明人创造性地发现,由表1示出的组合聚醚相比具有其他组分和配比的组合聚醚而言,更加适合于本发明的发泡剂组合物。也就是说,利用本发明的发泡剂组合物、由表1示出的组合聚醚、以及本发明的配比制备的聚氨酯硬质泡沫,具有更好的性能。
表1
组份 | 质量份 |
聚醚多元醇,羟值400~450mgKOH/g,平均官能度4.8~5.0 | 58~62 |
聚醚多元醇,羟值470~480mgKOH/g,平均官能度3.6~3.8 | 28~32 |
交联剂R350X | 4~6 |
泡沫稳定剂 | 1~3 |
水 | 0.8~1.0 |
复合催化剂 | 1.2~1.4 |
阻燃剂 | 7~9 |
表2和表3分别示出了根据本发明具体实施例的组合聚醚的组分和配比。
表2
组份 | 质量份 |
聚醚多元醇,羟值400~450mgKOH/g,平均官能度4.9 | 60 |
聚醚多元醇,羟值470~480mgKOH/g,平均官能度3.7 | 30 |
交联剂R350X | 5 |
泡沫稳定剂 | 2 |
水 | 0.9 |
复合催化剂 | 1.3 |
阻燃剂 | 8 |
表3
组份 | 质量份 |
聚醚多元醇,羟值400~450mgKOH/g,平均官能度4.8 | 58 |
聚醚多元醇,羟值470~480mgKOH/g,平均官能度3.8 | 32 |
交联剂R350X | 5 |
泡沫稳定剂 | 2 |
水 | 0.9 |
复合催化剂 | 1.3 |
阻燃剂 | 8 |
表4示出了根据本发明一个实施例的聚氨酯硬质泡沫的组分、配比以及原料的参数信息。参见表4,其中,组合聚醚根据表2的组分和配比进行选取。
表4
在本发明实施例中,组合聚醚的储存温度一般为15~23℃。发泡时,将组合聚醚和发泡剂组合物输送至预混室中进行预混,再与异氰酸酯混合后,使用高压发泡机注入到模腔中,完成发泡和填充。具体工艺参数可参见表5。
表5
项目 | 单位 | 范围 | 项目 | 单位 | 范围 |
原料储存温度 | ℃ | 19±4 | 模温 | ℃ | 42±3 |
预混室预混前温度 | ℃ | 20~25 | 壳体温度 | ℃ | 40±5 |
高压机混合压力 | Mpa | 13.5±1.5 | 高压机使用料温 | ℃ | 20±2 |
表6示出了根据本发明一个具体实施例的发泡工艺。
表6
项目 | 单位 | 范围 | 项目 | 单位 | 范围 |
原料储存温度 | ℃ | 20 | 模温 | ℃ | 42 |
预混室预混前温度 | ℃ | 22 | 壳体温度 | ℃ | 40 |
高压机混合压力 | Mpa | 13.5 | 高压机使用料温 | ℃ | 20 |
为了进一步理解本发明,下面结合更具体的实施例对本发明进行描述,但本发明并不限于这些实施例。
实施例1
聚氨酯硬质泡沫配方:组合聚醚100质量份(采用表2示出的配方),异氰酸酯144质量份,环戊烷9质量份,异戊烷5质量份,245fa 10质量份。
发泡工艺参见表6。聚氨酯硬质泡沫的物理性能参见表7。
实施例2
聚氨酯硬质泡沫配方:组合聚醚100质量份(采用表2示出的配方),异氰酸酯143质量份,环戊烷8质量份,异戊烷5质量份,245fa 11质量份。
发泡工艺参见表6。聚氨酯硬质泡沫的物理性能参见表7。
实施例3
聚氨酯硬质泡沫配方:组合聚醚100质量份(采用表3示出的配方),异氰酸酯145质量份,环戊烷10质量份,异戊烷6质量份,245fa 9质量份。
发泡工艺参见表6。聚氨酯硬质泡沫的物理性能参见表7。
实施例4
聚氨酯硬质泡沫配方:组合聚醚100质量份(采用表8示出的配方),异氰酸酯144质量份,环戊烷9质量份,异戊烷5质量份,245fa 10质量份。
发泡工艺参见表6。聚氨酯硬质泡沫的物理性能参见表7。
对比例1
聚氨酯硬质泡沫配方:组合聚醚100质量份(采用表8示出的配方),异氰酸酯141质量份,环戊烷13质量份。
发泡工艺参见表6。聚氨酯硬质泡沫的物理性能参见表7。
对比例2
聚氨酯硬质泡沫配方:组合聚醚100质量份(采用表2示出的配方),异氰酸酯148质量份,环戊烷8.5质量份,异戊烷4.5质量份,245fa 5.5质量份。
发泡工艺参见表6。聚氨酯硬质泡沫的物理性能参见表7。
表7
表8
组份 | 质量份 |
聚醚多元醇,羟值370~380mgKOH/g,平均官能度4.5 | 50 |
聚醚多元醇,羟值470~480mgKOH/g,平均官能度3.0 | 40 |
交联剂R350X | 5 |
泡沫稳定剂 | 2 |
水 | 0.9 |
复合催化剂 | 1.3 |
阻燃剂 | 8 |
从表7中实施例1~4和对比例1的测试结果可以看出,使用CP/IP/245fa三元发泡体系的聚氨酯硬质泡沫的物理性能主要在密度、导热系数和泡沫的孔径方面有了很大的改进。本发明由于在原有的cp(环戊烷)发泡体系中另外增加了IP(异戊烷)以及低沸点的245fa发泡剂,且优化了三者的配比(特别是将245fa的含量限定在9~11质量份),增加了该发泡体系料的流动性以及极大幅度的降低聚氨酯硬质泡沫的导热系数。具体地,聚氨酯硬质泡沫的导热系数由普通cp发泡体系的19.8mw/m.k左右降低到18.5mw/m.k以下(特别是当进一步优化CP/IP/245fa三者配比时,可降低至18.0mw/m.k),整体密度由cp发泡体系的36Kg/m3降低到该三元发泡体系的30Kg/m3左右;泡孔范围从180~280μm降低至150~190μm,泡孔尺寸更小且更加均匀。
从表7中实施例1~3和对比例2的测试结果可以看出,具有本发明配比的CP/IP/245fa三元发泡体系,相比具有其他配比的CP/IP/245fa三元发泡体系,制备的聚氨酯硬质泡沫的导热系数由18.8mw/m.k左右降低到18.2mw/m.k以下(特别是当进一步优化三者配比时,可降低至18.0mw/m.k),整体密度由34Kg/m3降低到的30Kg/m3左右;泡孔范围从170~220μm降低至150~180μm,泡孔尺寸更小且更加均匀。
从表7中实施例1~3和实施例4的测试结果可以看出,采用本发明优选配方的组合聚醚,相比其他配方的组合聚醚,制备的聚氨酯硬质泡沫的导热系数由18.5mw/m.k左右降低到18.2mw/m.k以下(特别是当进一步优化三者配比时,可降低至18.0mw/m.k),整体密度由33Kg/m3降低到的30Kg/m3左右;泡孔范围从160~190μm降低至150~180μm,泡孔尺寸更小且更加均匀。
基于表7的测试结果可知,本发明通过三元发泡剂的混配,在保证聚氨酯硬质泡沫性能提升的基础上,降低了聚氨酯硬质泡沫的密度和导热系数。根据本发明实施例的聚氨酯硬质泡沫特别适于冰箱,可极有效的节省冰箱发泡的成本和提升泡沫的性能,进而有效降低冰箱的能耗。
至此,本领域技术人员应认识到,虽然本文已详尽示出和描述了本发明的多个示例性实施例,但是,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的情况下,仍可根据本发明公开的内容直接确定或推导出符合本发明原理的许多其他变型或修改。因此,本发明的范围应被理解和认定为覆盖了所有这些其他变型或修改。
Claims (4)
1.一种聚氨酯硬质泡沫,其特征在于,包含:
组合聚醚 100质量份;
异氰酸酯 143~145质量份;以及
发泡剂组合物 23~25质量份;
其中,所述组合聚醚由以下原料混合制成:
平均官能度为4.8~5.0、羟值为400~450mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇 58~62质量份;
平均官能度为3.6~3.8、羟值为470~480mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇 28~32质量份;
交联剂R350X 4~6质量份;
泡沫稳定剂 1~3质量份;
水 0.8~1质量份;
复合催化剂 1.2~1.4质量份;以及
阻燃剂 7~9质量份;
其中,所述发泡剂组合物包含:
环戊烷 8~10质量份;
异戊烷 4~6质量份;以及
245fa 9~11质量份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯硬质泡沫,其特征在于,包含:
组合聚醚 100质量份;
异氰酸酯 144质量份;以及
发泡剂组合物 24质量份;
其中,所述发泡剂组合物包含:
环戊烷 9质量份;
异戊烷 5质量份;以及
245fa 10质量份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯硬质泡沫,其特征在于,所述组合聚醚由以下原料混合制成:
平均官能度为4.9、羟值为400~450mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇 60质量份;
平均官能度为3.7、羟值为470~480mgKOH/g的聚醚多元醇 30质量份;
交联剂R350X 5质量份;
泡沫稳定剂 2质量份;
水 0.9质量份;
复合催化剂 1.3质量份;以及
阻燃剂 8质量份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的聚氨酯硬质泡沫,其特征在于,
所述复合催化剂为叔胺类与有机锡的复合催化剂;
所述泡沫稳定剂为有机硅化合物;
所述阻燃剂为有机磷酸酯类。
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