CN106693043B - 可吸收铁基合金植入医疗器械及其制备方法 - Google Patents
可吸收铁基合金植入医疗器械及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106693043B CN106693043B CN201510799593.7A CN201510799593A CN106693043B CN 106693043 B CN106693043 B CN 106693043B CN 201510799593 A CN201510799593 A CN 201510799593A CN 106693043 B CN106693043 B CN 106693043B
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- Prior art keywords
- iron
- alkaline
- sodium
- potassium
- calcium
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 353
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 175
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 145
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 229920006237 degradable polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 33
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 33
- -1 polybutylene succinate Polymers 0.000 claims description 30
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 claims description 25
- 229920000331 Polyhydroxybutyrate Polymers 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 229920000954 Polyglycolide Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004633 polyglycolic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920002961 polybutylene succinate Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004631 polybutylene succinate Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920001397 Poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000005015 poly(hydroxybutyrate) Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002732 Polyanhydride Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium hydrogenphosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP([O-])([O-])=O FUFJGUQYACFECW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019700 dicalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J sodium diphosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O FQENQNTWSFEDLI-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940048086 sodium pyrophosphate Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019818 tetrasodium diphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001577 tetrasodium phosphonato phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- RQALKBLYTUKBFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-dioxa-7-thiaspiro[4.4]nonane Chemical compound O1CCOC11CSCC1 RQALKBLYTUKBFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004114 Ammonium polyphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004132 Calcium polyphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M Sodium bicarbonate-14C Chemical compound [Na+].O[14C]([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-DEQYMQKBSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019826 ammonium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001276 ammonium polyphosphate Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- QXDMQSPYEZFLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium oxalate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O QXDMQSPYEZFLGF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019827 calcium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- GUPPESBEIQALOS-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium tartrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O GUPPESBEIQALOS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001427 calcium tartrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011035 calcium tartrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007857 degradation product Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- PFKGDYCESFRMAP-UHFFFAOYSA-L dicalcium citrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(C(=O)O)CC([O-])=O PFKGDYCESFRMAP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium;oxalate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- HWPKGOGLCKPRLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M monosodium citrate Chemical compound [Na+].OC(=O)CC(O)(C([O-])=O)CC(O)=O HWPKGOGLCKPRLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002524 monosodium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000018342 monosodium citrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001508 potassium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium citrate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O QEEAPRPFLLJWCF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- OQZCJRJRGMMSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium metaphosphate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]P(=O)=O OQZCJRJRGMMSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019828 potassium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001472 potassium tartrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940111695 potassium tartrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011005 potassium tartrates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- HELHAJAZNSDZJO-OLXYHTOASA-L sodium L-tartrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O HELHAJAZNSDZJO-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium oxalate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940039790 sodium oxalate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019830 sodium polyphosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001433 sodium tartrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229960002167 sodium tartrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011004 sodium tartrates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- JZBRFIUYUGTUGG-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrapotassium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O JZBRFIUYUGTUGG-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 7
- RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrapotassium;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O RYCLIXPGLDDLTM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 7
- UEUXEKPTXMALOB-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrasodium;2-[2-[bis(carboxylatomethyl)amino]ethyl-(carboxylatomethyl)amino]acetate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC([O-])=O)CC([O-])=O UEUXEKPTXMALOB-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 7
- VLCLHFYFMCKBRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tricalcium;diborate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] VLCLHFYFMCKBRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- WUUHFRRPHJEEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tripotassium borate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] WUUHFRRPHJEEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000015870 tripotassium citrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- LSKHZZSZLMMIMU-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium;hydron;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O LSKHZZSZLMMIMU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
- BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N trisodium borate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] BSVBQGMMJUBVOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium citrate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940038773 trisodium citrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019263 trisodium citrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
- MLIKYFGFHUYZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;hydron;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O MLIKYFGFHUYZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940070710 valerate Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- RRGUKTPIGVIEKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cilostazol Chemical compound C=1C=C2NC(=O)CCC2=CC=1OCCCCC1=NN=NN1C1CCCCC1 RRGUKTPIGVIEKM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229960004588 cilostazol Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019797 dipotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000396 dipotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000921 polyethylene adipate Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- NVTRPRFAWJGJAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L EDTA monocalcium salt Chemical compound [Ca+2].OC(=O)CN(CC([O-])=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC([O-])=O NVTRPRFAWJGJAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- JHLCADGWXYCDQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;ethanolate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CC[O-].CC[O-] JHLCADGWXYCDQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VEJCUEBBRSCJRP-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;hydron;phosphonato phosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O VEJCUEBBRSCJRP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Mg+2] VTHJTEIRLNZDEV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000347 magnesium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001862 magnesium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 claims description 4
- RPDAUEIUDPHABB-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium ethoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC[O-] RPDAUEIUDPHABB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium ethoxide Chemical compound [Na+].CC[O-] QDRKDTQENPPHOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Zn+2] UGZADUVQMDAIAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940007718 zinc hydroxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021511 zinc hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- FUFLCEKSBBHCMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 11-dehydrocorticosterone Natural products O=C1CCC2(C)C3C(=O)CC(C)(C(CC4)C(=O)CO)C4C3CCC2=C1 FUFLCEKSBBHCMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- MFYSYFVPBJMHGN-ZPOLXVRWSA-N Cortisone Chemical compound O=C1CC[C@]2(C)[C@H]3C(=O)C[C@](C)([C@@](CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)[C@@H]4[C@@H]3CCC2=C1 MFYSYFVPBJMHGN-ZPOLXVRWSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- MFYSYFVPBJMHGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cortisone Natural products O=C1CCC2(C)C3C(=O)CC(C)(C(CC4)(O)C(=O)CO)C4C3CCC2=C1 MFYSYFVPBJMHGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Heparin Chemical compound OC1C(NC(=O)C)C(O)OC(COS(O)(=O)=O)C1OC1C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(O)C(OC2C(C(OS(O)(=O)=O)C(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(O3)C(O)=O)OS(O)(=O)=O)C(CO)O2)NS(O)(=O)=O)C(C(O)=O)O1 HTTJABKRGRZYRN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930012538 Paclitaxel Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004227 calcium gluconate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013927 calcium gluconate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004494 calcium gluconate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- NEEHYRZPVYRGPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanoate Chemical compound [Ca+2].OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O NEEHYRZPVYRGPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003291 chlorphenamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004544 cortisone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960003957 dexamethasone Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- UREBDLICKHMUKA-CXSFZGCWSA-N dexamethasone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@]2(F)[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)CO)(O)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O UREBDLICKHMUKA-CXSFZGCWSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002897 heparin Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000669 heparin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960001592 paclitaxel Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- ZAHRKKWIAAJSAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N rapamycin Natural products COCC(O)C(=C/C(C)C(=O)CC(OC(=O)C1CCCCN1C(=O)C(=O)C2(O)OC(CC(OC)C(=CC=CC=CC(C)CC(C)C(=O)C)C)CCC2C)C(C)CC3CCC(O)C(C3)OC)C ZAHRKKWIAAJSAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- QFJCIRLUMZQUOT-HPLJOQBZSA-N sirolimus Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](O)[C@H](OC)C[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C)[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@@H]2CCCCN2C(=O)C(=O)[C@](O)(O2)[C@H](C)CC[C@H]2C[C@H](OC)/C(C)=C/C=C/C=C/[C@@H](C)C[C@@H](C)C(=O)[C@H](OC)[C@H](O)/C(C)=C/[C@@H](C)C(=O)C1 QFJCIRLUMZQUOT-HPLJOQBZSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960002930 sirolimus Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N taxol Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@]2(C[C@@H](C(C)=C(C2(C)C)[C@H](C([C@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@H]3OC[C@]3([C@H]21)OC(C)=O)=O)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C=1C=CC=CC=1)C=1C=CC=CC=1)O)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RCINICONZNJXQF-MZXODVADSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- SOYKEARSMXGVTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorphenamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=NC=1C(CCN(C)C)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 SOYKEARSMXGVTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001523 electrospinning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005014 poly(hydroxyalkanoate) Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000903 polyhydroxyalkanoate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- AVTYONGGKAJVTE-OLXYHTOASA-L potassium L-tartrate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C([O-])=O AVTYONGGKAJVTE-OLXYHTOASA-L 0.000 claims 2
- JVYNJRBSXBYXQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[3-(4-carboxyphenoxy)propoxy]benzoic acid;decanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O.C1=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C1OCCCOC1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 JVYNJRBSXBYXQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- FNAQSUUGMSOBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-H calcium citrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O FNAQSUUGMSOBHW-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims 1
- 239000001354 calcium citrate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013337 tricalcium citrate Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 abstract description 59
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 abstract description 59
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 abstract description 49
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 17
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 22
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 19
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 17
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 9
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-L adipate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCCC([O-])=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种可吸收铁基合金植入医疗器械及其制备方法。该器械包括铁基合金基体、设于铁基合金基体表面的可降解聚合物、以及设于所述铁基合金基体表面的碱性保护体。该碱性保护体包含至少一种碱性物质,该碱性物质可在器械植入早期通过与聚合物产生的酸性物质中和,来延缓该铁基合金基体植入早期的腐蚀,使得铁基合金基体在植入早期基本不腐蚀或腐蚀较慢,满足临床上对器械植入早期的力学性能要求;同时,该碱性保护体经中和消耗而暴露出基体后,基体仍然可以在聚合物形成的酸性环境中加快腐蚀,从而同时在临床上满足器械的腐蚀周期的要求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及医疗器械领域,尤其涉及一种可吸收铁基合金植入医疗器械及其制备方法。
背景技术
目前可吸收植入医疗器械基体应用最广泛的材料包括聚合物、镁基合金与铁基合金。聚合物中以聚乳酸应用最多,其优点为可完全降解吸收,降解产物为二氧化碳和水,其缺点是机械性能不足,相对金属基器械而言,若两者要满足相同的机械性能,聚合物基器械的尺寸需要比金属基器械大,这限制了聚合物基器械的应用。镁基合金和铁基合金的优点是易加工塑形,机械强度大,但镁基合金在人体内的腐蚀速度太快且伴随腐蚀会生成氢气,只能通过增大镁基合金器械的尺寸来满足植入早期的力学性能,同样会限制镁基合金器械的应用。
从临床应用的角度来说,当可吸收植入医疗器械完成了其预期用途,病变部位痊愈并恢复正常形态和功能(即痊愈)后,在不引起新的生物相容性问题的前提下,器械完全腐蚀或降解并被机体吸收的时间越短越好。根据临床上器械应用的部位不同,一般认为痊愈期为1-6个月,这段时间内器械需保持结构完整性和具有足够的力学性能。铁基合金的生物相容性良好,但铁基合金在体内腐蚀缓慢,导致铁基合金器械在痊愈期后仍需很长时间才能完全腐蚀,因此需加快其腐蚀速度以缩短铁基合金器械的腐蚀周期。
有研究表明在铁基合金表面涂覆可降解聚酯涂层,可提高铁基合金的腐蚀速度。该可降解聚酯涂层在体内的降解会使得器械植入位置附近的局部微环境的pH值下降,形成局部微酸性环境,铁基合金在此酸性环境中能更快地腐蚀,生成腐蚀产物铁盐和/或铁氧化物和/或铁氢氧化物。
对于预定规格的铁基合金器械,可降解聚酯涂层的用量、可降解聚酯种类和性质决定铁基合金的腐蚀速度以及最终是否可完全腐蚀。在选定可降解聚酯种类和性质并确定好足以使铁基合金基体完全腐蚀的可降解聚酯用量的情况下,铁基合金腐蚀速度过快或局部腐蚀严重将会影响该铁基合金器械植入早期(1-6个月,即前文所述痊愈期)的结构完整性和力学性能,从而导致器械难以在植入早期满足临床应用的要求。这些缺陷具体表现在:(1)可降解聚酯涂层的降解产物呈酸性,且可降解聚酯往往有降解速度较快的小分子残留(如聚乳酸的单体残留标准为<2%),将导致铁基合金基体在植入早期腐蚀较快,比如植入冠脉后1-7天左右,腐蚀过快和腐蚀产物的积累导致器械内表面内皮化不完整,增加急性和亚急性血栓的风险;(2)可降解聚酯降解的不均匀性容易导致铁基合金基体的腐蚀不均匀,局部腐蚀过快有可能出现断裂,从而导致其难以满足早期结构完整性和力学性能的要求。虽可采用减少可降解聚酯涂层用量的方法来防止铁基合金器械植入早期过快腐蚀,但会延长铁基合金器械的腐蚀周期。因此,对于包括可降解聚酯的铁基合金器械,在可降解聚酯种类和性质、可降解聚酯与铁基合金的用量比确定的情况下,需探索在可降解聚酯形成的酸性环境中,如何降低铁基合金基体的早期腐蚀速度来保证器械植入早期的力学性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,提供一种可吸收铁基合金植入医疗器械及其制备方法,该器械在植入体内后1-6个月内至少部分腐蚀速度较慢甚或是完全不腐蚀,可在此段时间内满足临床上对器械植入早期的机械性能要求。
本发明的技术方案提供了一种可吸收铁基合金植入医疗器械,包括铁基合金基体和设于所述铁基合金基体表面的可降解聚合物,所述医疗器械还包括设于所述铁基合金基体表面的碱性保护体。
在根据本发明实施例的可吸收铁基合金植入医疗器械中,所述碱性保护体覆盖所述铁基合金基体的全部表面,所述可降解聚合物覆盖所述碱性保护体的至少部分表面。
在根据本发明实施例的可吸收铁基合金植入医疗器械中,所述碱性保护体覆盖所述铁基合金基体的部分表面,所述可降解聚合物覆盖所述碱性保护体的至少部分表面和/或覆盖所述铁基合金基体中未覆盖所述碱性保护体的区域的至少部分表面。
在根据本发明实施例的可吸收铁基合金植入医疗器械中,所述碱性保护体包括至少一种碱性物质,所述碱性物质选自氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化镁、氢氧化锌、氧化镁、氧化锌、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、碳酸钙、磷酸钠、磷酸一氢钠、磷酸钾、磷酸一氢钾、磷酸钙、磷酸一氢钙、焦磷酸钠、焦磷酸一氢三钠、焦磷酸钾、焦磷酸一氢三钾、焦磷酸钙、焦磷酸一氢钙、聚磷酸钠、聚磷酸钾、聚磷酸钙、聚磷酸铵、羟基磷灰石、碳酸羟基磷灰石、硼酸钠、硼酸钾、硼酸钙、草酸钠、草酸钾、草酸钙、柠檬酸三钠、柠檬酸二氢钠、柠檬酸三钾、柠檬酸二氢钾、柠檬酸钙、柠檬酸一氢钙、酒石酸钠、酒石酸钾、酒石酸钙、乙二胺四乙酸四钠、乙二胺四乙酸四钾、乙二胺四乙酸钙、乙醇钠、乙醇钾、乙醇钙、尿素、以及六亚甲基四胺中的至少一种。
在根据本发明实施例的可吸收铁基合金植入医疗器械中,所述碱性保护体包括至少一种碱性物质,所述碱性物质包括弱酸强碱盐,所述弱酸强碱盐选自碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、磷酸钠、磷酸一氢钠、磷酸钾、磷酸一氢钾、磷酸钙、磷酸一氢钙、焦磷酸钠、焦磷酸一氢三钠、焦磷酸钾、焦磷酸一氢三钾、聚磷酸钠、聚磷酸钾、聚磷酸钙、聚磷酸铵、硼酸钠、硼酸钾、硼酸钙、草酸钠、草酸钾、草酸钙、柠檬酸三钠、柠檬酸二氢钠、柠檬酸三钾、柠檬酸二氢钾、柠檬酸钙、柠檬酸一氢钙、酒石酸钠、酒石酸钾、酒石酸钙、乙二胺四乙酸四钠、乙二胺四乙酸四钾中的至少一种。
在根据本发明实施例的可吸收铁基合金植入医疗器械中,所述碱性保护体还包括延长所述碱性物质释放时间的助缓释物质;所述助缓释物质包括增稠剂,所述增稠剂与所述至少一种碱性物质混合形成混合物,所述混合物中所述碱性物质的体积百分比含量大于或等于20%、且小于100%;或者所述助缓释物质包括疏水物质,所述疏水物质覆盖于所述碱性物质的表面形成疏水层。
在根据本发明实施例的可吸收铁基合金植入医疗器械中,所述碱性保护体还包括粘结剂,所述粘结剂的体积百分比含量小于或等于80%。
在根据本发明实施例的可吸收铁基合金植入医疗器械中,所述铁基合金基体与所述碱性保护体之间还设有降解产物为中性的可降解聚合物层。
在根据本发明实施例的可吸收铁基合金植入医疗器械中,所述铁基合金基体为纯铁或碳含量不高于2.11wt.%的铁基合金
在根据本发明实施例的可吸收铁基合金植入医疗器械中,所述可降解聚合物中混合有活性药物成分,所述活性药物选自紫杉醇、雷帕霉素及其衍生物、西洛他唑(Cilostazol)、肝素、地塞米松、葡萄糖酸钙、扑尔敏、可的松中的至少一种。
在根据本发明实施例的可吸收铁基合金植入医疗器械中,所述可降解聚合物选自可降解聚酯和/或可降解聚酸酐,该可降解聚酯选自聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、聚乳酸乙醇酸、聚己内酯、聚羟基脂肪酸酯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚丁二酸酯、聚(β-羟基丁酸酯)、聚己二酸乙二醇酯中的任意一种,或者选自聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、聚丁二酸酯、聚(β-羟基丁酸酯)、聚已内酯、聚己二酸乙二醇酯、聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物和聚羟基丁酸酯戊酸酯共聚物中的至少两种的物理共混物,或者选自由形成聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、聚丁二酸酯、聚(β-羟基丁酸酯)、聚已内酯、聚己二酸乙二醇酯、聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物和聚羟基丁酸酯戊酸酯共聚物的单体中的至少两种共聚而成的共聚物中的任一种;所述可降解聚酸酐选自聚1,3-双(对羧基苯氧基)丙烷-癸二酸、聚芥酸二聚体-癸二酸或聚富马酸-癸二酸中的至少一种;或者所述可降解聚合物为形成前述可降解聚酯与可降解聚酸酐的单体中的至少两种共聚而成的共聚物。
本发明还提供了一种可吸收铁基合金植入医疗器械的制备方法,包括在铁基合金基体的至少一部分表面覆盖碱性保护体、以及在所述铁基合金基体和/或所述碱性保护体上覆盖可降解聚合物。
在依据本发明实施例的可吸收铁基合金植入医疗器械的制备方法中,所述在铁基合金基体表面覆盖碱性保护体,包括在所述铁基合金基体表面喷涂、浸涂、涂刷、3D打印、静电纺丝或镶嵌碱性物质形成所述碱性保护体。
相比现有技术,本发明提供的可吸收铁基合金植入医疗器械包括碱性保护体,该碱性保护体一方面可以中和聚合物降解产生的酸性产物,另一方面,该碱性保护体可作为隔离体,在植入初始隔离铁基合金基体与人体环境、以及隔离铁基合金基体与聚合物降解形成的微酸性环境,缓解铁基合金基体的早期腐蚀,使得器械在植入初期保持机械性能,随着碱性保护体的中和消耗,暴露出的铁基合金基体仍然可以在可降解聚合物层降解形成的弱酸性环境中快速腐蚀,满足器械的降解周期要求。
附图说明
下面将结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明,附图中:
图1是本发明一实施例提供的可吸收铁基合金植入医疗器械垂直其长度方向的剖面示意图,其中碱性保护体完全覆盖铁基合金基体的全部表面;
图2是本发明另一实施例提供的可吸收植入医疗器械除去可降解聚合物层后沿其长度方向的示意图,其中碱性保护体覆盖铁基合金基体的部分表面。
具体实施方式
本发明提供的可吸收铁基合金植入医疗器械包括管腔支架、妇科植入物、男科植入物、呼吸科植入物或骨科植入物。为了对本发明的技术特征、目的和效果有更加清楚的理解,现以管腔支架为例,对照附图详细说明本发明的具体实施方式。
本发明的可吸收铁基合金植入医疗器械(以下简称为器械)包括铁基合金基体(以下阐述中可简称为基体)、设于基体表面的碱性保护体、以及设于基体表面和/或碱性保护体表面的可降解聚合物涂层。本发明的主要思想在于,在铁基合金基体表面增加碱性保护体,利用碱性保护体隔离基体、以及碱性保护体与可降解聚合物产生的酸性物质发生中和反应来减缓铁基合金基体早期的腐蚀速度,从而确保可吸收铁基合金植入器械早期具有足够的力学性能,且不延长铁基合金基体的腐蚀周期。
碱性保护体可以减缓铁基合金基体在植入早期的腐蚀速度,在碱性保护体的保护期内,铁基合金基体腐蚀速度较慢,其力学性能降低很少,故本发明的可吸收铁基合金植入医疗器械适当减小设计尺寸也能保证植入早期的机械性能要求。因此,相对于现有技术,本发明的可吸收铁基合金植入医疗器械的设计尺寸更小,相应地减少了铁基合金的用量,进而减少了铁基合金的腐蚀产物。
请参见图1,本发明的可吸收铁基合金植入医疗器械1包括铁基合金基体11、设置于所述铁基合金基体11上的碱性保护体12、和设于所述铁基合金基体11和碱性保护体12之上的可降解聚合物涂层13。所述碱性保护体12可以直接覆盖铁基合金基体11的表面,也可以是相互隔离,例如,可在铁基合金基体11和碱性保护体12之间设置中间层以增强碱性保护体12的附着力。该可吸收铁基合金植入医疗器械1可以是可吸收管腔支架1(以下可简称为支架1),该支架1具体可以是血管支架,例如冠脉支架或外周支架,其具有径向压缩状态和径向扩展状态,使用中将处于径向压缩状态的支架1设于输送装置中并经由输送装置输送至管腔的病变位置,释放后通过球囊扩张至径向扩展状态,以紧贴管腔壁,从而通过径向支撑力固定于管腔中。
基体11可以是纯铁或碳含量不高于2.11wt.%的铁基合金,例如纯铁经渗碳和/或渗氮后的产物。
所述可降解聚合物层至少包括一种可降解聚合物,其降解后产生酸性的降解产物如羧酸,可选自可降解聚酯和/或可降解聚酸酐。所述可降解聚酯选自聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、聚丁二酸酯、聚(β-羟基丁酸酯)、聚已内酯、聚己二酸乙二醇酯、聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物、聚羟基丁酸酯戊酸酯共聚物中的任意一种,或者选自聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、聚丁二酸酯、聚(β-羟基丁酸酯)、聚已内酯、聚己二酸乙二醇酯、聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物和聚羟基丁酸酯戊酸酯共聚物中的至少两种的物理共混物,或者是由形成聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、聚丁二酸酯、聚(β-羟基丁酸酯)、聚已内酯、聚己二酸乙二醇酯、聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物和聚羟基丁酸酯戊酸酯共聚物的单体中的至少两种共聚而成的共聚物;所述聚酸酐选自聚1,3-双(对羧基苯氧基)丙烷-癸二酸、聚芥酸二聚体-癸二酸或聚富马酸-癸二酸;所述可降解聚酯选自聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、聚丁二酸酯、聚(β-羟基丁酸酯)、聚已内酯、聚己二酸乙二醇酯、聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物、聚羟基丁酸酯戊酸酯共聚物中的任一种;或者所述可降解聚合物包括前述可降解聚酯与前述可降解聚酸酐的共混物,或为形成前述可降解聚酯与可降解聚酸酐的单体共聚而成的可降解共聚物。
当可降解聚合物载药时,可降解聚合物层中还可以混合有活性药物成分,活性药物可以是抑制血管增生的药物,如紫杉醇、雷帕霉素及其衍生物;或抗血小板类药物选自西洛他唑(Cilostazol);或抗血栓类药物如肝素;或抗炎症反应的药物如地塞米松;或抗致敏的药物,如葡萄糖酸钙、扑尔敏、可的松;也可以是前述至少两种药物的混合。
碱性保护体12与铁基合金基体11之间的位置关系有多种。作为一种实施方式,如图1所示,碱性保护体12直接覆盖铁基合金基体11的全部表面,可降解聚合物层13覆盖碱性保护体12的至少部分表面,图1的示例中,可降解聚合物层13还可直接覆盖碱性保护体12的全部表面。作为另一种实施方式,如图2所示的器械除去可降解聚合物后的表面示意图,碱性保护体12覆盖铁基合金基体11的部分表面,暴露出部分铁基合金基体11的表面。图1和图2仅用作举例,并不是对本发明的限制,本领域的技术人员可根据需要采用合适的覆盖方式,例如,碱性保护体和可降解聚合物还可交错覆盖基体,但是可降解聚合物未覆盖碱性保护体,此处不再一一赘述。
可吸收管腔支架1还包括设于基体11和可降解聚合物层13之间的碱性保护体12,所述碱性保护体12可以包括一种单一的碱性物质、或者包括多种单一碱性物质的混合物。或者,碱性保护体12也可以包括碱性物质与粘结剂的混合物,所述混合物中碱性物质的体积百分比大于或等于20%、且小于100%,即该粘结剂的提及百分比小于或等于80%。该粘接剂可以是可降解粘结剂或水溶性粘结剂,例如,该粘接剂可以是纤维素、木质素、淀粉、甲壳素、聚乙二醇、聚乙烯醇、环糊精和水溶性无机盐中的至少一种。或者,碱性保护体12也可以包括碱性物质与增稠剂的混合物,所述混合物中碱性物质的体积百分比大于或等于20%、且小于100%,该粘接剂可以是明胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)中的一种或多种。或者,碱性保护体12也可以包括上述碱性物质、增稠剂以及粘结剂的混合物,所述混合物中碱性物质的体积百分比大于或等于20%、且小于100%。其中,粘结剂可使碱性物质与基体结合更牢固;增稠剂可使碱性物质起到缓释效果,从而延长基体不腐蚀的时间。
碱性保护体12中所包含的碱性物质可以与氢离子(H+)反应,包括但不限于氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化镁、氢氧化锌、氧化镁、氧化锌、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、碳酸钙、磷酸钠、磷酸一氢钠、磷酸钾、磷酸一氢钾、磷酸钙、磷酸一氢钙、焦磷酸钠、焦磷酸一氢三钠、焦磷酸钾、焦磷酸一氢三钾、焦磷酸钙、焦磷酸一氢钙、聚磷酸钠、聚磷酸钾、聚磷酸钙、聚磷酸铵、羟基磷灰石、碳酸羟基磷灰石、硼酸钠、硼酸钾、硼酸钙、草酸钠、草酸钾、草酸钙、柠檬酸三钠、柠檬酸二氢钠、柠檬酸三钾、柠檬酸二氢钾、柠檬酸钙、柠檬酸一氢钙、酒石酸钠、酒石酸钾、酒石酸钙、乙二胺四乙酸四钠、乙二胺四乙酸四钾、乙二胺四乙酸钙、乙醇钠、乙醇钾、乙醇钙、尿素、以及六亚甲基四胺,碱性物质可选自上述列举中的至少一种。
上述碱性物质中的弱酸强碱盐还可在碱性物质与酸性环境的酸碱中和反应中起到缓冲作用,使反应过程的pH值变化平缓。具体而言,弱酸强碱盐与氢离子反应生成弱酸,该弱酸与弱酸盐形成缓冲溶液;缓冲溶液能在一定程度上抵消或减轻外加酸或碱对溶液酸碱度的影响,从而保持溶液的pH值相对稳定。在本发明中,该缓冲物质能在一定程度上使可降解聚合物(例如聚乳酸)附近的pH值变化不大,甚至可使可降解聚合物附近维持中性,从而使可降解聚合物的早期降解速度变慢。上述弱酸强碱盐可以是碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、磷酸钠、磷酸一氢钠、磷酸钾、磷酸一氢钾、磷酸钙、磷酸一氢钙、焦磷酸钠、焦磷酸一氢三钠、焦磷酸钾、焦磷酸一氢三钾、聚磷酸钠、聚磷酸钾、聚磷酸钙、聚磷酸铵、硼酸钠、硼酸钾、硼酸钙、草酸钠、草酸钾、草酸钙、柠檬酸三钠、柠檬酸二氢钠、柠檬酸三钾、柠檬酸二氢钾、柠檬酸钙、柠檬酸一氢钙、酒石酸钠、酒石酸钾、酒石酸钙、乙二胺四乙酸四钠、乙二胺四乙酸四钾中的至少一种。因此,该弱酸强碱盐不仅可单独作为碱性物质,还可与其它的碱性物质混合,均能在中和酸性环境的过程中对酸碱中和反应起到缓冲作用。
上述提及可采用碱性物质自身(例如弱酸强碱盐)在碱性物质与可降解聚合物形成的酸性环境的酸碱中和反应中起到缓冲作用,不仅如此,碱性保护体还可包括延长所述碱性物质释放时间的助缓释物质,例如上述提及的增稠剂,该增稠剂使得碱性保护体的粘稠度提高,从而对碱性物质起到缓释效果,以延长基体不腐蚀的时间;或者,还可在碱性物质表面设置疏水层,通过疏水层隔离碱性物质以起到延长碱性物质的释放时间。具体而言,所述疏水层可以采用喷涂、浸涂、涂刷、3D打印、静电纺丝、或镶嵌等方式覆盖于所述碱性保护体之上。所述疏水层能在一定时间内减少碱性保护体与水(生理液)接触,从而延长碱性保护体的保留时间,延长基体不腐蚀的时间。
所述疏水层包括至少一种疏水性物质用作助缓释物质,所述疏水性物质至少包括一种疏水基团,可以是油性物质、和/或阴离子表面活性剂。所述油性物质可以是高级脂肪酸甘油酯、类脂、高级烷醇类、高级脂肪酸及其盐类、有机酸酯化物,聚有机硅氧烷、脂溶性维生素、硅烷偶联剂、固态或半固态烷烃或其混合物、直链烷基化合物、氨基酸。所述高级脂肪酸甘油酯选自甘油单酯、二酯或三酯;所述类脂优选卵磷脂;所述高级烷醇类选自二十八烷醇、三十烷醇;所述高级脂肪酸及其盐类选自月桂酸、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、硬脂酸镁、十八胺;所述有机酸酯化物选自柠檬酸酯、月桂酸酯、蔗糖十二烷酸酯;所述聚有机硅氧烷优选硅油;所述脂溶性维生素选自β-类胡萝卜素、维生素E、微生素A;所述固态或半固态烷烃选自石蜡、微晶蜡、凡士林;所述直链烷基化合物选自十二烷基磺酸钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵、十六烷基三甲基氯化铵;所述氨基酸选自亮氨酸、丙氨酸。所述阴离子表面活性剂层包括亲水基团和疏水尾链,亲水基团与碱性保护体化学吸附连接。该亲水基团为极性亲水基团,例如可以是羧酸基团、硫酸基团或磺酸基团。上述疏水尾链为非极性疏水尾链,包括烃链,烃链中的碳原子个数至少为8个。阴离子表面活性剂可以包括单亲水基头和单疏水尾链;阴离子表面活性剂也可以是包括单亲水基头和单疏水尾链的二聚体或寡聚体组成的阴离子Gemini表面活性剂。作为举例,上述阴离子表面活性剂可以是十二烷基硫酸钠、十二烷基磺酸钠或十二烷基苯磺酸钠。
依据本发明的可植入医疗器械植入人体后,例如可吸收管腔支架植入血管后,可降解聚合物降解产生的羧酸分布于植入器械附近,如有载药则在降解过程中释放药物。此时,碱性保护体一方面起到隔离体作用,将被碱性保护体覆盖的基体与植入环境隔离开,避免可降解聚合物的酸性产物与铁合金基体接触;另一方面,碱性保护体中的碱性物质在生理环境中可以电离出氢氧根离子或可以与氢离子反应,从而可与上述酸性产物发生中和反应,以保护铁基体不腐蚀或腐蚀很慢。上述中和反应剩下的阳离子(如Na+、K+、Mg2+、Zn2+、Ga2+等)和阴离子(如CO3 2-、PO4 3-等)均为人体中存在的物质,因此无生物相容性风险。
随着碱性保护体的不断消耗,铁合金基体逐渐暴露,未被完全中和的微酸性环境将加速铁基合金基体的腐蚀。也就是说,器械植入早期至碱性保护体消耗完全前,铁合金基体基本不发生腐蚀。与未包括碱性保护体的器械相比,碱性保护体的存在使铁基合金基体滞后开始发生腐蚀或减缓基体早期的腐蚀速度;碱性保护体完全消耗后,铁基合金基体在可降解聚合物形成的酸性环境下加快腐蚀,从而满足器械对整个腐蚀周期的时间要求。针对不同的植入器械,可通过调整碱性物质的种类、质量、浓度、厚度结合可降解聚合物的种类、质量、分子量等参数,来调节器械的腐蚀周期,即铁合金基体从植入到完全腐蚀的时长。
与此同时,早期腐蚀被延缓的铁基合金基体使得器械在植入早期的支撑力变化不大,这样在确保器械的力学性能的同时,可适量减少铁基合金基体的尺寸,从而减少金属腐蚀产物的量,有利于腐蚀产物的吸收和清除。
为了提高碱性保护体在铁基合金基体表面的附着力,可以粗糙化处理铁基合金基体的表面;或者可在铁基合金基体与碱性保护体之间设置可降解聚合物中间层,该可降解聚合物的降解产物为中性,可选自纤维素、木质素、淀粉、甲壳素、聚乙二醇中的至少一种。
本发明的可吸收铁基合金植入医疗器械的制备方法包括依次在铁基合金基体表面覆盖碱性保护体、以及在该铁基合金基体和/或碱性保护体上覆盖可降解聚合物。上述在铁基合金基体表面覆盖碱性保护体,包括在铁基合金基体表面通过喷涂、浸涂、涂刷、3D打印、静电纺丝、镶嵌等方法涂覆碱性物质的溶液/悬浮液并干燥,从而在铁基合金基体表面形成上述碱性保护体。形成的碱性保护体中碱性物质的体积百分比含量为20~100%;碱性物质包括但不限于氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化镁、氢氧化锌、氧化镁、氧化锌、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、碳酸钙、磷酸钠、磷酸一氢钠、磷酸钾、磷酸一氢钾、磷酸钙、磷酸一氢钙、焦磷酸钠、焦磷酸一氢三钠、焦磷酸钾、焦磷酸一氢三钾、焦磷酸钙、焦磷酸一氢钙、聚磷酸钠、聚磷酸钾、聚磷酸钙、聚磷酸铵、羟基磷灰石、碳酸羟基磷灰石、硼酸钠、硼酸钾、硼酸钙、草酸钠、草酸钾、草酸钙、柠檬酸三钠、柠檬酸二氢钠、柠檬酸三钾、柠檬酸二氢钾、柠檬酸钙、柠檬酸一氢钙、酒石酸钠、酒石酸钾、酒石酸钙、乙二胺四乙酸四钠、乙二胺四乙酸四钾、乙二胺四乙酸钙、乙醇钠、乙醇钾、乙醇钙、尿素、以及六亚甲基四胺。
上述在铁基合金基体和碱性保护体上覆盖可降解聚合物的过程中,可先将可降解聚合物和药物溶解于有机溶剂(如乙酸乙酯、氯仿等)中形成混合溶液,随后将该混合溶液涂于已经制备了碱性保护体的铁基合金基体的整个表面或局部表面,干燥后成膜。采用的工艺可以是喷涂、浸涂、刷涂、静电纺丝等,优选喷涂。
上述覆盖可降解聚合物的方法仅用作举例,可采用本领域普通技术人员知晓的任何适合的方法在上述铁基合金基体表面和/或碱性保护体表面覆盖可降解聚合物层。所述可降解聚合物可以是可降解聚酯或可降解聚酸酐;所述可降解聚酯选自聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、聚丁二酸酯、聚(β-羟基丁酸酯)、聚已内酯、聚己二酸乙二醇酯、聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物、聚羟基丁酸酯戊酸酯共聚物中的任意一种,或者选自聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、聚丁二酸酯、聚(β-羟基丁酸酯)、聚已内酯、聚己二酸乙二醇酯、聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物和聚羟基丁酸酯戊酸酯共聚物中的至少两种的物理共混物,或者是由形成聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、聚丁二酸酯、聚(β-羟基丁酸酯)、聚已内酯、聚己二酸乙二醇酯、聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物和聚羟基丁酸酯戊酸酯共聚物的单体中的至少两种共聚而成的共聚物;所述聚酸酐选自聚1,3-双(对羧基苯氧基)丙烷-癸二酸、聚芥酸二聚体-癸二酸或聚富马酸-癸二酸;所述可降解聚酯选自聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、聚丁二酸酯、聚(β-羟基丁酸酯)、聚已内酯、聚己二酸乙二醇酯、聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物、聚羟基丁酸酯戊酸酯共聚物中的任一种;或者所述可降解聚合物包括前述可降解聚酯与前述可降解聚酸酐的共混物,或为形成前述可降解聚酯与可降解聚酸酐的单体共聚而成的可降解共聚物。
临床上,正常人的冠脉血管舒张压(低压)和收缩压(高压)范围为60-120mmHg,高血压病人的收缩压可达到175mm汞柱,即23.3kPa。发生冠脉痉挛时血管收缩压为400mmHg,即55kPa。心理应激状态、寒冷刺激、剧烈运动、冠脉粥样硬化、冠脉造影对冠脉的局部刺激以及一次性大量吸烟或酗酒均可诱发冠脉痉挛。故实现对冠脉血管的有效支撑是指支架至少能经受冠脉血管脉动时的收缩压23.3kPa,最好能经受血管痉挛时的收缩压55kPa。
以下各实施例提供的铁基合金支架的设计目标是需满足以下临床要求:自植入日起预定时间内(例如1个月内、2个月内、3个月或少于3个月的其它时长内),铁基合金基体几乎不腐蚀;在植入后能有效支撑3个月,植入3个月时的径向支撑强度≥55kPa,腐蚀周期大于6个月且小于或等于24个月。
以下各实施例中采用的30008规格支架定义如下:支架在名义扩张压8atm作用下,扩开后的公称直径3mm,公称长度为8mm。
需要指出的是,以下各实施例中,由于支架产品自身性能在设计许可范围内的正常波动、动物个体差异、设计的取样点不够频密以及测试方法不可避免引入的系统误差,监测到的支架完全不腐蚀的时间点、径向强度数据以及完全腐蚀的时间点在实际测试中会在一定范围内波动。
实施例一
在本实施例中,以可吸收铁基支架为例进行阐述,理想情况下,可吸收铁基支架需在3个月的血管修复期内保持有效径向支撑(支撑力大于55Pa),并在血管恢复功能后尽快腐蚀,降解周期通常要求为6-24个月。
首先,制备铁基合金基体,基体由纯铁通过渗氮制成,其初始径向强度为145kPa,质量为4.5-5mg。将氢氧化钠充分溶解于乙醇溶液中得到氢氧化钠的乙醇饱和溶液,以作为制备碱性保护体的碱性溶液。将氢氧化钠的乙醇饱和溶液喷涂于多个铁基合金基体表面,使氢氧化钠涂层覆盖铁基合金基体的全部表面。喷涂结束后干燥并称重,此次氢氧化钠涂层厚约6μm。在干燥的碱性涂层表面喷涂分子量为20万的聚消旋乳酸-乙酸乙酯溶液覆盖氢氧化钠涂层表面,干燥,得到厚度约为8μm的聚合物涂层,从而制得多个可吸收铁基支架。将本次实施例制得的可吸收铁基支架植入兔子的腹主动脉,3个月后取出其中一个,观察到支架表面具有一定程度的腐蚀,测得其径向支撑力为80kPa;植入12个月后观察到剩余的可吸收铁基支架完全腐蚀。
本实施例的支架在铁基合金基体与可降解聚合物层之间设有碱性保护体,可隔离铁基合金基体与人体组织环境、以及隔离铁基合金基体与可降解聚合物降解过程中产生的酸性环境,避免铁基合金基体过早开始腐蚀,因此支架在植入3个月后径向支撑力仅从初始的145kPa减少到80kPa,满足支架植入早期的径向支撑力要求;碱性保护体经酸碱中和消耗之后,基体可在可降解聚合物产生的酸性环境中加快腐蚀,从而实现降解周期为12个月,同时也满足腐蚀周期的要求。
实施例二:
与实施例一不同的是,制得的多个可吸收铁基合金支架的氢氧化钠涂层厚约20μm,聚乳酸涂层厚约12μm。植入3个月后取出,测得其径向支撑力为100kPa。植入9个月后观察到剩余的可吸收铁基支架完全降解。与实施例一比较可知,在铁基合金基体相同的条件下,同时增大碱性保护体厚度和可降解聚合物层的厚度,支架在植入3个月后的径向支撑力比实施例一稍大。依据本实施例的支架同时满足植入早期的径向支撑力以及腐蚀周期的要求。
实施例三
与实施例二不同的是,制得的可吸收铁基合金支架的聚乳酸涂层厚约8μm。植入3个月后取出,测得其径向支撑力为120kPa。植入24个月后观察到剩余的可吸收铁基合金支架完全降解。与实施例二比较可知,在基体相同和碱性保护体相同的条件下,减少可降解聚合物层的厚度可稍微增大植入3个月后的径向支撑力,但是相应地延长了腐蚀周期。依据本实施例的支架同时满足植入早期的径向支撑力以及腐蚀周期的要求。
实施例四
采用实施例三中相同的铁基合金基体,将纳米氧化镁粉末与聚乙二醇超声分散于乙醇溶液中得到混合悬浮液。将悬浮液喷涂于铁基合金基体的部分表面,形成厚度为20μm的碱性保护体,其中氧化镁的体积百分比为60%。干燥碱性保护体后在碱性保护体表面喷涂分子量为20万的聚消旋乳酸-乙酸乙酯溶液,聚乳酸涂层完全覆盖氧化镁涂层表面,厚度约为8μm,干燥后制得可吸收铁基合金支架。将上述可吸收铁基支架植入兔子的腹主动脉,3个月后取出,测得其径向支撑力为80kPa;植入12个月后观察到支架完全腐蚀。依据本实施例的支架同时满足植入早期的径向支撑力以及腐蚀周期的要求。
为进一步说明本发明提供的可吸收铁基合金植入医疗器械的技术效果,现示例性描述三个对比例。
对比例一
对比例一提供一种30008规格的渗氮铁基裸支架(即不包括可降解聚合物和碱性保护体的支架),其原始径向强度为145kPa、质量为4.5-5mg。将该支架植入兔子腹主动脉,3个月后取出,质量损失测试表明支架轻微腐蚀,测得支架径向支撑强度为140kPa,满足植入早期3个月的力学性能要求。植入后24个月后取出,质量损失测试表明支架未完全腐蚀,说明未设置可降解聚合物层的渗氮铁支架的腐蚀周期过长。
对比例二
对比例二提供一种可吸收铁基支架,其制备方法如下:在原始径向强度为145kPa、质量为4.5-5mg的30008规格的渗氮铁支架表面上喷涂分子量为20万的聚消旋乳酸-乙酸乙酯溶液完全覆盖整个支架表面,干燥后制得聚消旋乳酸涂层厚度约为12μm的可吸收铁基合金支架。将该支架植入兔子腹主动脉,2个月后取出,支架杆腐蚀非常严重,多处断裂;3个月后取出,测得支架径向支撑强度小于55kPa;植入后6个月后观察到支架完全腐蚀,说明腐蚀过快,满足不了早期力学性能要求。
对比例三
对比例三提供一种可吸收铁基支架,其制备方法如下:在原始径向强度为175kPa、质量为5.5-6mg的30008规格的渗氮铁支架表面喷涂分子量为20万的聚消旋乳酸-乙酸乙酯溶液完全覆盖整个支架表面,干燥后制得聚消旋乳酸涂层厚度约为8μm的可吸收铁基合金支架。将该支架植入兔子腹主动脉,1个月后取出,支架杆有一定程度的腐蚀;3个月后取出,测得支架径向支撑强度为80kPa,满足植入早期3个月的力学性能要求;植入12个月后观察到支架完全腐蚀。
对比例三与实施例二相比,在可降解聚合物层相同的条件下,虽然确保了与实施例二相当的腐蚀周期,但是其基体的初始径向强度从145kPa提高到了175kPa,相应地基体的质量从4.5-5mg增加到了5.5-6mg,从而相应增加了植入人体的金属用量和降解产物量,提高了植入的生物学风险。本发明的实施例二中通过在铁基合金基体和可降解聚合物之间设置碱性保护体,并合理调节碱性保护体中的碱性物质含量和厚度,可延缓或抑制铁基合金基体的早期腐蚀,从而在植入3个月后仍能保持有效的径向支撑力,并同时满足腐蚀周期的要求。
综上,本发明中在可吸收铁基合金植入医疗器械的铁基合金基体上设置碱性保护体,一方面可以中和聚合物降解产生的酸性产物;另一方面,该碱性保护体可作为隔离体,在植入初始隔离铁基合金基体与植入环境、以及隔离铁基合金基体与聚合物降解形成的微酸性环境,从而缓解甚至阻碍铁基合金基体的早期腐蚀,使得器械满足植入初期的机械性能要求。随着碱性保护体的中和消耗,暴露出的铁基合金基体仍然可以在可降解聚合物层降解形成的弱酸性环境中快速腐蚀,满足支架的腐蚀周期要求。
Claims (10)
1.一种可吸收铁基植入医疗器械,包括铁基基体和设于所述铁基基体表面的可降解聚合物,其特征在于,所述医疗器械还包括设于所述铁基基体表面的碱性保护体;
所述碱性保护体覆盖所述铁基基体的全部表面,所述可降解聚合物覆盖所述碱性保护体的至少部分表面;或者,
所述碱性保护体覆盖所述铁基基体的部分表面,所述可降解聚合物覆盖所述碱性保护体的至少部分表面;
所述碱性保护体还包括延长所述碱性物质释放时间的助缓释物质;所述助缓释物质包括增稠剂,所述增稠剂与所述至少一种碱性物质混合形成混合物,所述混合物中所述碱性物质的体积百分比含量大于或等于20%、且小于100%;或者所述助缓释物质包括疏水物质,所述疏水物质覆盖于所述碱性物质的表面形成疏水层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可吸收铁基植入医疗器械,其特征在于,所述碱性保护体包括至少一种碱性物质,所述碱性物质选自氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、氢氧化镁、氢氧化锌、氧化镁、氧化锌、碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、碳酸钙、磷酸钠、磷酸一氢钠、磷酸钾、磷酸一氢钾、磷酸钙、磷酸一氢钙、焦磷酸钠、焦磷酸一氢三钠、焦磷酸钾、焦磷酸一氢三钾、焦磷酸钙、焦磷酸一氢钙、聚磷酸钠、聚磷酸钾、聚磷酸钙、聚磷酸铵、羟基磷灰石、碳酸羟基磷灰石、硼酸钠、硼酸钾、硼酸钙、草酸钠、草酸钾、草酸钙、柠檬酸三钠、柠檬酸二氢钠、柠檬酸三钾、柠檬酸二氢钾、柠檬酸钙、柠檬酸一氢钙、酒石酸钠、酒石酸钾、酒石酸钙、乙二胺四乙酸四钠、乙二胺四乙酸四钾、乙二胺四乙酸钙、乙醇钠、乙醇钾、乙醇钙、尿素、以及六亚甲基四胺中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的可吸收铁基植入医疗器械,其特征在于,所述碱性保护体包括至少一种碱性物质,所述碱性物质包括弱酸强碱盐,所述弱酸强碱盐选自碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钾、磷酸钠、磷酸一氢钠、磷酸钾、磷酸一氢钾、磷酸钙、磷酸一氢钙、焦磷酸钠、焦磷酸一氢三钠、焦磷酸钾、焦磷酸一氢三钾、聚磷酸钠、聚磷酸钾、聚磷酸钙、聚磷酸铵、硼酸钠、硼酸钾、硼酸钙、草酸钠、草酸钾、草酸钙、柠檬酸三钠、柠檬酸二氢钠、柠檬酸三钾、柠檬酸二氢钾、柠檬酸钙、柠檬酸一氢钙、酒石酸钠、酒石酸钾、酒石酸钙、乙二胺四乙酸四钠、乙二胺四乙酸四钾中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的可吸收铁基植入医疗器械,其特征在于,所述碱性保护体还包括粘结剂,所述粘结剂的体积百分比含量小于或等于80%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的可吸收铁基植入医疗器械,其特征在于,所述铁基基体与所述碱性保护体之间还设有降解产物为中性的可降解聚合物层。
6.根据权利要求1所述的可吸收铁基植入医疗器械,其特征在于,所述铁基基体为纯铁或碳含量不高于2.11wt.%的铁基合金。
7.根据权利要求1所述的可吸收铁基植入医疗器械,其特征在于,所述可降解聚合物中混合有活性药物成分,所述活性药物选自紫杉醇、雷帕霉素及其衍生物、西洛他唑(Cilostazol)、肝素、地塞米松、葡萄糖酸钙、扑尔敏、可的松中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求1所述的可吸收铁基植入医疗器械,其特征在于,所述可降解聚合物选自可降解聚酯和/或可降解聚酸酐,该可降解聚酯选自聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、聚乳酸乙醇酸、聚己内酯、聚羟基脂肪酸酯、聚丙烯酸酯、聚丁二酸酯、聚(β-羟基丁酸酯)、聚己二酸乙二醇酯中的任意一种,或者选自聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、聚丁二酸酯、聚(β-羟基丁酸酯)、聚己内酯、聚己二酸乙二醇酯、聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物和聚羟基丁酸酯戊酸酯共聚物中的至少两种的物理共混物,或者选自由形成聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、聚丁二酸酯、聚(β-羟基丁酸酯)、聚己内酯、聚己二酸乙二醇酯、聚乳酸-乙醇酸共聚物和聚羟基丁酸酯戊酸酯共聚物的单体中的至少两种共聚而成的共聚物中的任一种;所述可降解聚酸酐选自聚1,3-双(对羧基苯氧基)丙烷-癸二酸、聚芥酸二聚体-癸二酸或聚富马酸-癸二酸中的至少一种;或者所述可降解聚合物为形成前述可降解聚酯与可降解聚酸酐的单体中的至少两种共聚而成的共聚物。
9.一种可吸收铁基植入医疗器械的制备方法,其特征在于,包括在铁基基体的至少一部分表面覆盖碱性保护体、以及在所述铁基基体和/或所述碱性保护体上覆盖可降解聚合物;其中,
所述碱性保护体覆盖所述铁基基体的全部表面,所述可降解聚合物覆盖所述碱性保护体的至少部分表面;或者,
所述碱性保护体覆盖所述铁基基体的部分表面,所述可降解聚合物覆盖所述碱性保护体的至少部分表面;
所述碱性保护体还包括延长所述碱性物质释放时间的助缓释物质;所述助缓释物质包括增稠剂,所述增稠剂与所述至少一种碱性物质混合形成混合物,所述混合物中所述碱性物质的体积百分比含量大于或等于20%、且小于100%;或者所述助缓释物质包括疏水物质,所述疏水物质覆盖于所述碱性物质的表面形成疏水层。
10.根据权利要求9所述的可吸收铁基植入医疗器械的制备方法,其特征在于,所述在铁基基体表面覆盖碱性保护体,包括在所述铁基基体表面喷涂、浸涂、涂刷、3D打印、静电纺丝或镶嵌碱性物质形成所述碱性保护体。
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