CN106689819A - Application of yeast culture in preparation of feed for improving fish growth and improving non-specific immunity of fish - Google Patents

Application of yeast culture in preparation of feed for improving fish growth and improving non-specific immunity of fish Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106689819A
CN106689819A CN201710012645.0A CN201710012645A CN106689819A CN 106689819 A CN106689819 A CN 106689819A CN 201710012645 A CN201710012645 A CN 201710012645A CN 106689819 A CN106689819 A CN 106689819A
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fish
yeast culture
fermentation
feed
culture
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刘明
杨凤娟
戴刚
董彦君
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Beijing Zhongnong Hongke Biotechnology Co Ltd
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Beijing Zhongnong Hongke Biotechnology Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures

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Abstract

The invention discloses application of a yeast culture in the preparation of feed for improving fish growth and improving non-specific immunity of fish, and the yeast culture is prepared according to a method comprising the procedures described below: activating a Saccharomyces cerevisiae (accession number of CGMCC No. 2.399) strain on an agar slant culture-medium, continuing conducting inoculation with the obtained yeast strain for preparing strain liquor, conducting aerobic fermentation followed by solid anaerobic fermentation on the strain liquor, and drying and smashing the obtained solid fermentation products to obtain the yeast culture. An experiment proves that adding the yeast culture prepared by the above process into fish feed can significantly increase the weight gain rate of fish and reduce the feed coefficient, at the same time, the yeast culture can significantly improve the activities of fish lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase, and then improve the non-specific immune level of the fish. The invention provides an important basis for improving fish production level and optimizing fish feed.

Description

Yeast culture is preparing improvement fish growth, is improving fish non-specific immunity Feed in application
Technical field
The present invention relates to animal-breeding feed technical field, more particularly to yeast culture prepare improve fish growth, Improve the application in the feed of fish non-specific immunity.
Background technology
Yeast culture (yeast culture, YC) refer under certain process conditions saccharomycete in defined medium By depth ferment and obtain complicated tunning, it include products of cellular metabolism (containing polypeptide, organic acid, amino acid, nucleic acid, Enzyme, UGF etc.), denaturation culture medium (containing oligosaccharides, polypeptide etc.) and yeast cells (protein, amino acid, core in itself Acid, cell wall polysaccharides etc.), nutritional ingredient very abundant can be provided " full nutrition substrate " for animal intestinal tract endosymbiosis bacterium, maximum Limit maintains the balance between internal each fungus strain of enteron aisle, promotes function of intestinal canal normal, and nutrient digestion absorbs in improving feed Rate, so as to improve breeding performonce fo animals.
But, in the prior art, the research of yeast culture is mostly in the growth with feed adding component to ruminant The research of performance impact, and to fish growth performance, it is especially little in the research of influence fish nospecific immunity.Cause This, using yeast culture as fish feed adding ingredient, has important meaning to improving the fish level of production, optimization fish meal Justice.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of yeast culture and is preparing improvement fish growth, improving fish Application in the feed of non-specific immunity.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
Application of the yeast culture in the feed for preparing improvement fish growth, improving fish non-specific immunity, its In yeast culture be prepared by a method comprising the following steps:It is the wine of CGMCC No.2.399 by preserving number Brewer yeast, after being activated through slant strains, the barms for obtaining continues to be inoculated with preparation seed liquor, and seed liquor is carried out into liquid successively Aerobic fermentation, solid anaerobic fermentation, the solid fermentation product that will be obtained obtains yeast culture by drying and crushing.
Used as further technical scheme, slant strains activation comprises the following steps:It is by the preserving number of freezing The saccharomyces cerevisiae of CGMCCNo.2.399 is inoculated on slant medium, stands 28~35 DEG C of constant temperature, cultivates 40~70h, is lived Barms after change.
Slant medium is solid malt extract medium, including malt extract powder, chloramphenicol, agar;Each component content is preferred It is malt extract powder 130g/L, chloramphenicol 0.1g/L, agar 2%.
The preparation of above-mentioned seed liquor comprises the following steps:Barms is seeded in fluid nutrient medium, at 28~35 DEG C Constant-temperature table culture, 120~200r/min of rotating speed;18~30h of culture.
Used as further technical scheme, liquid aerobic fermentation comprises the following steps:Seed liquor is connect with 10%~20% The amount of kind is enlarged culture in being inoculated into the fermentation tank equipped with new fluid nutrient medium, controls throughput for 1~5L/min, temperature It it is 28~35 DEG C, fermentation time is 20~35h;Obtain the liquid spawn liquid of Amplification Culture.
Fluid nutrient medium is malt extract medium, including malt extract powder, chloramphenicol, and both contents are preferably malt extract powder 130g/L, chloramphenicol 0.1g/L;PH value is 5.6~6.5.
Used as further technical scheme, solid anaerobic fermentation comprises the following steps:By liquid spawn liquid with 20%~ 30% inoculum concentration is seeded in sterile solid culture medium, and Solid anaerobic hair is carried out in double-deck controllable temperature isolation drying equipment Ferment, it is 35%~70% to control moisture, and fermentation temperature is 28~35 DEG C, 18~50h of fermentation time;Obtain solid fermentation product Thing.
Solid medium includes 4~7 parts of stalk according to the mass fraction, 3~5 parts of corn flour, 1~3 part of wheat bran or vinasse 3 Wantonly three kinds of~5 parts or four kinds;Culture medium carbon-nitrogen ratio is (2~7): 1, it is controlled by adding urea.
Used as further technical scheme, drying comprises the following steps:Solid fermentation product is dried, drying mode Vacuum drying, 25 DEG C~45 DEG C of drying temperature, obtains yeast culture head product by preferably 30 DEG C.
Used as further technical scheme, crushing comprises the following steps:Yeast culture head product is crushed, is crushed 40~60 mesh of sieving, obtain yeast culture product.
As further technical scheme, the weight/mass percentage composition of addition of the yeast culture in feed for 0.2~ 1%
Used as further technical scheme, it is 2~3 times to throw the day of feed and raise number of times, throw day feeding rate for fish body weight 3~ 5%.
Used as further technical scheme, the main nutrient composition of feed includes crude protein 50%~55%, crude fat 10%~12%;After fodder crushing, bulky grain is removed with 80~100 mesh sieves, it is 1~2mm's to be pressed into particle diameter after being well mixed Pellet, stored under refrigeration.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
The present invention studies yeast culture by adding the yeast culture of various concentrations in fish meal and fish is given birth to The application that the influence of performance long and nospecific immunity is yeast culture in fish meal provides basis;Experiment is proved, big The yeast culture of various concentrations is added in the feed of brill, turbot rate of body weight gain (P < 0.05) can be significantly improved, and Feed coefficient (P < 0.05) can be significantly reduced, it is known that yeast culture is significantly improved to the growth performance of turbot;Meanwhile, The vigor of turbot lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase can be significantly improved, and then improves turbot innate immune activity.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment of the invention is described further below.Herein it should be noted that for these implementations The explanation of mode is used to help understand the present invention, but does not constitute limitation of the invention.Additionally, invention described below As long as involved technical characteristic does not constitute conflict and can just be mutually combined each other in each implementation method.
Material, reagent used in following embodiments etc., unless otherwise specified, commercially obtain.
Test method used in following embodiments is conventional method unless otherwise specified.
The details of the bacterial strain used in following embodiments are as follows:
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomyces cerevisiae):CGMCC numberings are 2.399;The saccharomyces cerevisiae is in Shen Please number be CN201410629012.0, patent name is disclosed in a kind of invention granted patent of the production method of yellow water vinegar beverage.
Turbot used in following embodiments is provided by Shandong aquatic farm;Turbot (Scophthalmus Maximus " more precious fish ") is commonly called as, belongs to Pleuronectiformes, Bothidae brill category, be a kind of cold aqueous seafood fish for originating from Europe, in Introduce China within 1992, because of its low consumption oxygen amount, growth is rapid, is adapted to high-density breeding, rapidly becomes the important aquatic products of northern China Economic species.
Embodiment 1, the preparation of yeast culture
1st, slant strains activation:By the preserving number of freezing for CGMCC No.2.399 saccharomyces cerevisiae be inoculated into containing Malt extract powder 130g/L, chloramphenicol 0.1g/L, on the slant medium of agar 2%, stand 28 DEG C of constant temperature, cultivate 40h, are lived Barms after change.
2nd, the preparation of seed liquor:Barms after activation is seeded to 1 ring and contains malt extract powder 130g/L, chloramphenicol 0.1g/L;During pH value is 5.6 fluid nutrient medium, in 28 DEG C of constant-temperature table cultures, rotating speed 120r/min;Culture 18h.
3rd, liquid aerobic fermentation:The seed liquor that will be prepared is inoculated into 10% inoculum concentration and contains malt extract powder equipped with new 130g/L, chloramphenicol 0.1g/L;PH value be 5.6 fluid nutrient medium fermentation tank in be enlarged culture, control the throughput to be 5L/min, temperature is 28 DEG C, and fermentation time is 20h:Obtain the liquid spawn liquid of Amplification Culture.
4th, solid anaerobic fermentation:Liquid spawn liquid is seeded to mass fraction as 4 parts of stalk, corn with 20% inoculum concentration In 3 parts of powder, the sterile solid culture medium of 3 parts of wheat bran, it is 2: 1 that addition urea controls carbon-nitrogen ratio, and drying is isolated in double-deck controllable temperature Solid anaerobic fermentation is carried out in equipment, it is 35% to control moisture, and fermentation temperature is 28 DEG C, fermentation time 18h;Obtain solid Tunning.
5th, the acquisition of yeast culture
The solid fermentation product is dried, drying mode vacuum drying, 25 DEG C of drying temperature~45 DEG C, preferably 30 DEG C, obtain yeast culture head product.Affiliated yeast culture head product is crushed again, is pulverized and sieved 40~60 mesh, i.e., Can obtain yeast culture product.The product gross protein value is 14.9%, and mannan content is 1.0%, beta glucan Content is 3.5%, and content of ashes is 7.8%.
Embodiment 2, the preparation of yeast culture
1st, slant strains activation:By the preserving number of freezing for CGMCC No.2.399 saccharomyces cerevisiae be inoculated into containing Malt extract powder 130g/L, chloramphenicol 0.1g/L, on the slant medium of agar 2%, stand 30 DEG C of constant temperature, cultivate 48h, are lived Barms after change.
2nd, the preparation of seed liquor:Barms after activation is seeded to 1 ring and contains malt extract powder 130g/L, chloramphenicol 0.1g/L;During pH value is 6.5 fluid nutrient medium, in 30 DEG C of constant-temperature table cultures, rotating speed 160r/min;Culture 24h.
3rd, liquid aerobic fermentation:The seed liquor that will be prepared is inoculated into 20% inoculum concentration and contains malt extract powder equipped with new 130g/L, chloramphenicol 0.1g/L;PH value be 5.6 fluid nutrient medium fermentation tank in be enlarged culture, control the throughput to be 2L/min, temperature is 30 DEG C, and fermentation time is 28h;Obtain the liquid spawn liquid of Amplification Culture.
4th, solid anaerobic fermentation:Liquid spawn liquid is seeded to mass fraction as 6 parts of stalk, corn with 30% inoculum concentration In the sterile solid culture medium of 3 parts of 5 parts of powder, 2 parts of wheat bran and vinasse, it is 3: 1 that addition urea controls carbon-nitrogen ratio, in double-deck controllable temperature Solid anaerobic fermentation is carried out in isolation drying equipment, it is 55% to control moisture, and fermentation temperature is 30 DEG C, fermentation time 42h; Obtain solid fermentation product.
5th, the acquisition of yeast culture
The solid fermentation product is dried, drying mode vacuum drying, 25 DEG C of drying temperature~45 DEG C, preferably 30 DEG C, obtain yeast culture head product.Affiliated yeast culture head product is crushed again, is pulverized and sieved 40~60 mesh, i.e., Can obtain yeast culture product.Obtain after testing, the product gross protein value is 15.4%, mannan content is 1.5%, beta glucan content is 4.2%, and content of ashes is 5.6%.
Embodiment 3, growth performance and the nospecific immunity experiment of turbot
1, the preparation of feed
The selected basal feed of this experiment includes fish meal, FSPC, wheat flour, alphalise starch, carboxymethyl cellulose The soft phosphatide of plain sodium, glycine betaine, soybean, fish oil, soybean oil, antioxidant, premix, wherein, antioxidant is normal in fish meal The antioxidant seen, premix provides 5400IU vitamin As, 900IU vitamin Ds for every kilogram of daily ration3, 48mg vitamin Es, 2.4mg vitamin Ks3, 1.8mg vitamin Bs1, 7.2mg vitamin Bs2, 12mg vitamin Bs6, 0.2mg vitamin Bs12, 24mg nicotinoyl Amine, 15mg calcium pantothenates, 0.06mg biotins, 120mg vitamin Cs, 150mg iron, 2.8mg copper, 60mg zinc, 60mg manganese, 0.75mg Iodine, 0.32mg selenium, the compound of 150mg magnesium.
The addition that above-mentioned basal feed is respectively constituted see the table below 1.
2, process of the test
Before experiment, turbot is raised and train 2 weeks in cultivating system, the consistent initial counterpoise of selection specification for (15.84 ± 0.26) g, and physique healthy and strong individual 300 tail, be randomly divided into 5 groups, respectively feeding, feed is as a control group based on feeding; Feeding is the feed for adding yeast culture prepared by embodiment 1 and embodiment 2 respectively in basal feed, wherein add implementing The quality of the yeast culture in example 1 is respectively 3000mg/kg, 5000mg/kg, 10000mg/kg, used as test group 1, experiment Group 2, test group 3;The quality for adding the yeast culture in embodiment 2 is 5000mg/kg, used as test group 4.Each test group 3 repetitions, the turbot quantity that each is repeated is 20 tails.
In above-mentioned 5 groups of experiments, feed formula and trophic level are shown in Table 1.After each component in table is crushed, with 80~100 mesh Weed out except bulky grain, the pellet that particle diameter is 1~2mm is pressed into after being well mixed, 4 DEG C of stored under refrigeration are standby.
The feed of table 1 is respectively constituted and main nutrient composition table (feeding basis)
Main nutrient composition in table 1 is measured value.
Experiment is carried out in the aquatic farm of Shandong, and experiment is used in net cage (specification is 1m × 1m × 1m) with fish and followed The water that is surrounded by sea inflation cultivation, this experiment totally 15 net cages.Circulating seawer enters net cage after sand is considered, ozone is processed.Experimental period is 70d, feed feeds 2 (mornings 07 daily:00th, afternoon 17:00) it is the 3~5% of body weight, to throw feeding rate day.Controlled during experiment Water temperature between 15~18 DEG C, dissolved oxygen content > 7.0mg/L, pH value 7.5~8.5, salinity 28~30%.
3, sample collection with analysis
After culture experiment terminates, test fish stops eating 24h in net cage, then by case harvesting.Record big water chestnut in each net cage The mantissa of flounder, determines the body weight of prawn, calculates rate of body weight gain, specific growth rate, feed coefficient.Each net cage randomly selects the examination of 6 tails Test fish tail vein after anesthesia and take blood.Blood is centrifuged (4 DEG C, 5000r/min, 35min) after standing 6h in 4 DEG C of refrigerators, takes Clear liquid.Whole process is carried out on ice, and sample preserves to be measured in being put into -80 DEG C of refrigerators.
Lysozyme (LZM) uses blank turbidimetry for Determination, and total number born (SOD) is surveyed using hydroxylamine assay Fixed, catalase (CAT) is determined using visible spectrophotometer method, and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) uses disodium phenyl phosphate method Determine, the kit that above index builds up Bioengineering Research Institute using Nanjing is measured.
4, result of the test
Influence of 4.1 yeast cultures to turbot growth performance
The influence of above-mentioned control group, the yeast culture of test group 1~4 to turbot growth performance, 5 groups of results of experiment Data are shown in Table 2.
Influence of the yeast culture of table 2 to each test group turbot specific growth rate, rate of body weight gain and feed coefficient
In above-mentioned table 2, superscript a, b represent that the different letters of same column data shoulder note represent significant difference (P < 0.05).
Rate of body weight gain (%)=(opisthosoma weight-first body weight)/first body weight × 100;
Specific growth rate (%/d)=(the first counterpoises of ln ends counterpoise-ln)/raise number of days × 100;
Feed coefficient=throwing feeding amount/(dead fish body is heavy in the last TBW+experiment of experiment-and test just TBW)
Data statistics carries out variance analysis using One-Way processes in SPSS14.0 editions statistical software, and carries out Duncan ' S method Multiple range tests, the level of signifiance is 0.05, is as a result represented using (mean+SD).
As shown in Table 2, to addition 3000mg/kg yeast cultures, 5000mg/kg yeast cultures in the feed of turbot With the test group 1~4 of 10000mg/kg yeast cultures, compared with control group, after feeding, the specific growth rate of turbot divides 5.2%, 7.6%, 8.77% and 11.11% (P < 0.05) is not improve;Rate of body weight gain has been respectively increased 9.09%, 12.95%, 15.17% and 19.82 (P < 0.05);Feed coefficient reduces 13.40%, 16.49%, 18.56% and 18.56% (P < 0.05)。
Influence of 4.2 yeast cultures to turbot nospecific immunity
The influence of above-mentioned control group, the yeast culture of test group 1~4 to turbot nospecific immunity, 5 groups of experiments Result data is shown in Table 3.
Influence of the yeast culture of table 3 to each test group turbot serum non-specific immunity
In above-mentioned table 3, superscript a, b represent that the different letters of same column data shoulder note represent significant difference (P < 0.05).
Data statistics carries out variance analysis using One-Way processes in SPSS14.0 editions statistical software, and carries out Duncan ' S method Multiple range tests, the level of signifiance is 0.05, is as a result represented using (mean+SD).
As shown in Table 3, compared with control group, each test group can significantly improve the work of turbot lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase Power (P < 0.05), while the vigor of superoxide dismutase and catalase can be to a certain extent improved, but difference does not show Write (P > 0.05).
To sum up, test data shows that the yeast culture that various concentrations are added in the feed of turbot can be carried significantly Turbot rate of body weight gain (P < 0.05) high, and can significantly reduce feed coefficient (P < 0.05), it is known that yeast culture is to big The growth performance of brill is significantly improved;Meanwhile, the vigor of turbot lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase can be significantly improved, and then Improve turbot innate immune activity.
Embodiments of the present invention are explained in detail above, but the invention is not restricted to described implementation method.It is right For those skilled in the art, in the case where the principle of the invention and spirit is not departed from, these implementation methods are carried out many Plant change, modification, replace and modification, still fall within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. yeast culture is preparing the application in improving fish growth, the feed of raising fish non-specific immunity.
2. application according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the yeast culture is according to the side for comprising the following steps What method was prepared:
It is the saccharomyces cerevisiae of CGMCC No.2.399 by preserving number, after being activated through slant strains, the barms for obtaining continues to connect Plant and prepare seed liquor, the seed liquor is carried out into liquid aerobic fermentation successively, solid anaerobic fermentation, the solid fermentation that will be obtained is produced Thing obtains yeast culture by drying and crushing.
3. application according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the slant strains activation comprises the following steps:
By the preserving number of freezing for the saccharomyces cerevisiae of CGMCC No.2.399 is inoculated on slant medium, constant temperature 28 is stood ~35 DEG C, cultivate 40~70h, the barms after being activated.
4. application according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the liquid aerobic fermentation comprises the following steps:
The seed liquor is inoculated into the fermentation tank equipped with new fluid nutrient medium with 10%~20% inoculum concentration and is enlarged Culture, controls throughput for 1~5L/min, and temperature is 28~35 DEG C, and fermentation time is 20~35h;Obtain the liquid of Amplification Culture Body strain liquid.
5. application according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the solid anaerobic fermentation comprises the following steps:
The liquid spawn liquid is seeded in sterile solid culture medium with 20%~30% inoculum concentration, in double-deck controllable temperature every Solid anaerobic fermentation is carried out in drying equipment, it is 35%~70% to control moisture, and fermentation temperature is 28~35 DEG C, fermentation 18~50h of time;Obtain the solid fermentation product;
The solid medium includes 4~7 parts of stalk according to the mass fraction, 3~5 parts of corn flour, 1~3 part of wheat bran or vinasse 3 Wantonly three kinds of~5 parts or four kinds;Culture medium carbon-nitrogen ratio is (2~7): 1.
6. application according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the drying comprises the following steps:
The solid fermentation product is dried, drying mode vacuum drying, 25 DEG C~45 DEG C of drying temperature obtains yeast training Support thing head product.
7. application according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the crushing comprises the following steps:
The yeast culture head product is crushed, 40-60 mesh is pulverized and sieved, yeast culture product is obtained.
8. application according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the quality of addition of the yeast culture in feed Percentage composition is 0.2~1%.
9. application according to claim 8, it is characterised in that it is 2~3 times to throw the day of the feed and raise number of times, throws day and raises Rate is the 3~5% of fish body weight.
10. application according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the main nutrient composition of the feed includes crude protein 50%~55%, crude fat 10%~12%;After the fodder crushing, bulky grain is removed with 80~100 mesh sieves, after being well mixed It is pressed into the pellet that particle diameter is 1~2mm, stored under refrigeration.
CN201710012645.0A 2017-01-06 2017-01-06 Application of yeast culture in preparation of feed for improving fish growth and improving non-specific immunity of fish Pending CN106689819A (en)

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