CN106688587A

CN106688587A - Method for cultivating strong seedlings of cucumbers grafted in autumn

Info

Publication number: CN106688587A
Application number: CN201710016916.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 乔宪武
Original assignee: China Jiliang University
Current assignee: China Jiliang University
Priority date: 2017-01-03
Filing date: 2017-01-03
Publication date: 2017-05-24

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, particularly relates to a method for cultivating strong seedlings of cucumbers grafted in autumn and aims at solving the problem that excessively growing seedlings and small old seedlings often grow out in seedling raising of the cucumbers grafted in autumn. The simple and easy management method is provided on the aspect of temperature management, and an effective way for cultivating strong seedlings is obtained. After processing is performed by adopting the method, the cucumber yield can be increased by 20% or above in overwintering cultivation and management of a large crop of grafted cucumbers, a yield increase effect is remarkable, and the earlier-stage yield and quality are obviously improved.

Description

A kind of method of autumn grafting cultivating cucumber strong sprout

Technical field

The invention belongs to technical field of crop cultivation, and in particular to a kind of method of autumn grafting cultivating cucumber strong sprout.

Background technology

In the cultivation of the northern area of China protecting field Grafted Cucumber Seedling, autumn nursery, around the Spring Festival exactly Grafted Cucumber Seedling start into Enter the peak period of yield, how safe overwintering be Grafted Cucumber Seedling a key subjects, how how nurturing staff, winter are strengthened The temperature raising and maintaining effect in greenhouse, use sufficient the factors such as organic fertilizer.The strong sprout of Grafted Cucumber Seedling is wherein cultivated, it is restrained the growth of seedlings in cucumber It is in the middle of period management more take root, life is taken root is key measures in many technical measures.It is preceding as long as seedling management is done in the proper way In place, Grafted Cucumber Seedling safe overwintering just has a good fundamentals of management to period management, the high-quality of Grafted Cucumber Seedling, it is highly efficient and productive just There is technical guarantee.

The content of the invention

The present invention in order to solve the problems, such as excessive growth seedling and small Lao Miao that Grafted Cucumber Seedling often occurs in nursery in the fall, from temperature Management aspect proposes a kind of easy, easy management method, makes up to the effective way of nurturing staff.

A kind of method of autumn grafting cultivating cucumber strong sprout, stock is done using black seed pumpkin, and cucumber is cooked scion grafting, and it is special Levy and be, comprise the following steps：

After planting, ground temperature is maintained between 16~22 DEG C A cucumber, and temperature improves 3 DEG C on 13~28 DEG C of radixes, reaches night Between 16 DEG C, 31 DEG C of daytime, cucumber be unearthed after, temperature is lowered to 10~25 DEG C, pumpkin sowing time on 13~28 DEG C of radix General compared with cucumber 5~7d of evening, pumpkin is sowed and separately to arrange a seedling furrow and carry out Small plastic shed, and temperature control is at night in Small plastic shed 16 DEG C are not less than, daytime is up to 31 DEG C；

B cucumber and pumpkin grafting use inarching method, it is necessary to which strict insulation and shade, relative humidity keeps 95% in Small plastic shed More than, preceding 3d, daytime 25~28 DEG C of day temperature control range, at 18~20 DEG C of night, 4~7d opens Small plastic shed two to be put Wind, temperature is controlled between 16~30 DEG C since 4d, and ground temperature is controlled at 20~22 DEG C；

Wound healing needs high temperature after C cucumber are completely cured, and the hardening stage needs low temperature before field planting, preceding 3d daytime temperatures after being completely cured 28 DEG C are can be controlled in, later 16~18 DEG C of night, daytime, up to 31 DEG C, is colonized preceding 5~7d, nighttime temperature gradually can be dropped to 8 DEG C, 23~25 DEG C of daytime.

The sowing time of the winter-crossing cucumber, typically by the end of September at the beginning of 10 months, using Yunnan black seed squash (or new Tu Zuo Pumpkin) stock is done, the close thorn cucumber in Xintai City is cooked scion, and wholeheartedly, squash cotyledons is shown laid flat in grafting optimum period to the leaf of cucumber one.

The cucumber and pumpkin grafting use inarching method, the pumpkin seedling of leaf cucumber wholeheartedly and cotyledon flattening from seedbed It is upper to take out simultaneously, remove pumpkin lobus cardiacus, at 1~2cm under pumpkin seedling cotyledon, chamfer 40 ° of angles, knife edge length upwards with blade 0.8~1.0cm, depth is thick 3/5ths of pumpkin stem, and cucumber chamfers downwards under away from cotyledon 1~2cm at, length and the depth It is basically identical with the pumpkin edge of a knife, touch anvil sheet and the scion edge of a knife, then hold the tight edge of a knife under the arm with Grafting clip, then it is colonized on seedbed, After pouring water seedbed is covered tightly with arch membrane.

The critical period of the grafting survival must be strictly incubated and shade, and temperature control is placed on especially important position Put.The thin screening into of reed matting is covered on Small plastic shed and spends shade, relative humidity in Small plastic shed is kept more than 95%.

By after the method for the invention treatment, in one big batch of Grafted Cucumber Seedling cultivation management of surviving the winter, cucumber production promoting amplitude More than 20% can be reached, obvious effect of increasing production, early yield, quality are significantly improved.

Specific embodiment

Embodiment 1：

After planting to before grafting：The sowing time of winter-crossing cucumber, typically by the end of September at the beginning of 10 months.Using the black seed south in Yunnan Melon (or new soil assistant pumpkin) is cooked stock, and the close thorn cucumber in Xintai City is cooked scion.Will first spread-yellow melon, after broadcast pumpkin.Because of weather influence, Pumpkin sowing time, typically compared with cucumber 5~7d of evening, will accurately determine pumpkin sowing time, i.e., when cucumber cotyledons are flattened, pumpkin is opened Begin to soak seed, cucumber true leaf sows pumpkin when revealing the heart to half expansion.Wholeheartedly, squash cotyledons is shown laid flat in grafting optimum period to the leaf of cucumber one.

This stage be cucumber after planting, ground temperature is rested between 16~22 DEG C, and more than 20 DEG C are reached as far as possible.Temperature is 13 3 DEG C are improved on~28 DEG C of radixes, 16 DEG C of night, 31 DEG C of daytime is reached.After cucumber is unearthed, hypocotyl elongation is controlled as early as possible, gas Temperature is lowered to 10~25 DEG C on 13~28 DEG C of radix.It is small and pumpkin sowing will separately arrange a seedling furrow and carry out Small plastic shed Temperature control is not less than 16 DEG C at night in shed, and daytime, at this moment such as night ground temperature was less than 16 DEG C or temperature is also 16 up to 31 DEG C Below DEG C, the rotten kind of pumpkin is easily caused.

Grafting is to surviving the stage：Cucumber and pumpkin grafting use inarching method.Leaf cucumber wholeheartedly and cotyledon flattening Pumpkin seedling is taken out simultaneously from seedbed, removes pumpkin lobus cardiacus, at 1~2cm under pumpkin seedling cotyledon, chamfers 40 ° upwards with blade Angle, 0.8~1.0cm of knife edge length, depth is thick 3/5ths of pumpkin stem.Cucumber is under away from cotyledon to oblique at 1~2cm Cut, length and the depth are basically identical with the pumpkin edge of a knife, touch anvil sheet and the scion edge of a knife, then the tight edge of a knife is held under the arm with Grafting clip, then It is colonized on seedbed, seedbed is covered tightly with arch membrane after pouring water.

This period is the critical period of grafting survival.Must strictly be incubated and shade, and temperature control is placed on especially On important position.The thin screening into of reed matting is covered on Small plastic shed and spends shade, relative humidity in Small plastic shed is kept more than 95%.In temperature In the case of degree and illumination are suitable, temperature control is very crucial.At this moment exactly " two high two is low " stage.Preceding 3d, daytime 25~28 DEG C, 18~20 DEG C of night.4~7d opens Small plastic shed two and leaks informaton, and shed is gradually removed after 7d, and shade is removed after 5d Reed matting.At this moment temperature is controlled between 16~30 DEG C since 4d, and ground temperature is advisable with 20~22 DEG C.

It is completely cured to field planting：By above-mentioned management, 3d wound healings, 7d vascular bundles are connected, and 10~12d selects fraction to be completely cured examination Test, there is part to wilt during light intensity, suitably shaded with straw mat and can just recover normal, can all break cucumber root as 12d is latter, stay Stubble is small, and cucumber root is pulled out after being completely cured.By preparing field planting after 5~7d hardenings, the leaf of planting-stock age three wholeheartedly, is sowed from cucumber To field planting about 35d.

Wound healing needs high temperature after cucumber is completely cured, and the hardening stage needs low temperature before field planting.Preceding 3d daytime temperatures after being completely cured 28 DEG C are can be controlled in, later 16~18 DEG C of night, daytime is up to 31 DEG C.Nighttime temperature, gradually can be dropped to 8 by the preceding 5~7d of field planting DEG C, on 23~25 DEG C of daytime, by low temperature hardening, it is adapted to the environment after field planting.If severe days such as the company of meeting is cloudy, few photographs Gas, in the case of appropriate reduction nocturnal temperature, try one's best common light, improve Quality of Seedlings.

Claims

1. a kind of method of autumn grafting cultivating cucumber strong sprout, stock is done using black seed pumpkin, and cucumber is cooked scion grafting its feature It is to comprise the following steps：

After planting, ground temperature is maintained between 16~22 DEG C A cucumber, and temperature improves 3 DEG C on 13~28 DEG C of radixes, reaches night 16 DEG C, on 31 DEG C of daytime, after cucumber is unearthed, temperature being lowered to 10~25 DEG C on 13~28 DEG C of radix, pumpkin sowing time is general Compared with cucumber 5~7d of evening, pumpkin sowing will separately arrange a seedling furrow and carry out Small plastic shed, and temperature control is not low at night in Small plastic shed In 16 DEG C, daytime is up to 31 DEG C；

B cucumber and pumpkin grafting use inarching method, it is necessary to strict insulation and shade, in Small plastic shed relative humidity keep 95% with On, preceding 3d, daytime 25~28 DEG C of day temperature control range, 18~20 DEG C of night, 4~7d opens Small plastic shed two and leaks informaton, Temperature is controlled between 16~30 DEG C since 4d, and ground temperature is controlled at 20~22 DEG C；

Wound healing needs high temperature after C cucumber are completely cured, and the hardening stage needs low temperature before field planting, and preceding 3d daytime temperatures are controllable after being completely cured At 28 DEG C, 16~18 DEG C of night, up to 31 DEG C, are colonized preceding 5~7d, nighttime temperature gradually can be dropped to 8 DEG C, in vain daytime system later It 23~25 DEG C.

2. according to claim 1 plant autumn grafting cultivating cucumber strong sprout method it is characterized in that：Winter-crossing cucumber is broadcast Kind of phase, typically, at the beginning of 10 months, stock is done using Yunnan black seed squash (or new soil assistant pumpkin) by the end of September, the close thorn cucumber in Xintai City is cooked Scion, wholeheartedly, squash cotyledons is shown laid flat in grafting optimum period to the leaf of cucumber one.

3. according to claim 1 plant autumn grafting cultivating cucumber strong sprout method it is characterized in that：Cucumber and pumpkin grafting Using inarching method, the pumpkin seedling of leaf cucumber wholeheartedly and cotyledon flattening is taken out simultaneously from seedbed, remove pumpkin lobus cardiacus, away from Under pumpkin seedling cotyledon at 1~2cm, 40 ° of angles, 0.8~1.0cm of knife edge length are chamfer upwards with blade, depth is that pumpkin stem is thick 3/5ths, cucumber beveling downwards at 1~2cm under away from cotyledon, length and the depth be basically identical with the pumpkin edge of a knife, make anvil sheet and The scion edge of a knife touches, then holds the tight edge of a knife under the arm with Grafting clip, is then colonized on seedbed, and seedbed is covered tightly with arch membrane after pouring water.

4. according to claim 1 plant autumn grafting cultivating cucumber strong sprout method it is characterized in that：Must strictly be incubated and Shade, and temperature control is placed on especially important position.The thin screening into of reed matting is covered on Small plastic shed and spends shade, made in Small plastic shed Relative humidity keeps more than 95%.