CN106680092B - Coarse-grained soil strength and deformation characteristic measuring device based on vacuum negative pressure - Google Patents
Coarse-grained soil strength and deformation characteristic measuring device based on vacuum negative pressure Download PDFInfo
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- CN106680092B CN106680092B CN201710053743.9A CN201710053743A CN106680092B CN 106680092 B CN106680092 B CN 106680092B CN 201710053743 A CN201710053743 A CN 201710053743A CN 106680092 B CN106680092 B CN 106680092B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
- G01N3/38—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces generated by electromagnetic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0005—Repeated or cyclic
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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Abstract
The invention relates to a coarse-grained soil strength and deformation characteristic measuring device based on vacuum negative pressure. The invention aims to provide a coarse-grained soil strength and deformation characteristic measuring device based on vacuum negative pressure, which has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in operation, lower cost and strong practicability. The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a coarse-grained soil intensity and deformation characteristic survey device based on vacuum negative pressure which characterized in that: the device comprises a controller, a bracket, a vertical displacement loading mechanism, a sample sealing loading mechanism, a negative pressure vacuum device, a shaft force meter, a pore pressure sensor and a displacement sensor, wherein the sample sealing loading mechanism is provided with a sealing chamber which is used for loading samples and can expand and contract according to the change of internal and external pressure differences. The invention is suitable for the related field of geotechnical engineering, in particular for the technical field of engineering mechanical property measurement in indoor experiments.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a coarse-grained soil strength and deformation characteristic measuring device based on vacuum negative pressure. The method is suitable for the related field of geotechnical engineering, in particular for the technical field of engineering mechanical property measurement in indoor tests.
Background
At present, china is in a large-area construction stage of infrastructure, urban houses, traffic and inter-city traffic engineering are largely constructed. In civil engineering construction, the structures are finally located on the foundation, whether in ordinary houses or traffic facilities. The load applied to the superstructure is ultimately transferred to the foundation through the foundation. In engineering, it is therefore first to evaluate whether the foundation has sufficient bearing capacity for resisting the dead weight of the superstructure and other loads. In addition, since the external load is often expressed as a long-term and reciprocating characteristic, the foundation soil is deformed and accumulated under such reciprocating load. For a general building, the foundation deformation can cause cracks of the building, and normal use is affected; for traffic engineering such as high-speed rails, the settlement of the roadbed can influence the normal operation of the high-speed rails and cause potential safety hazards. Therefore, besides the bearing capacity of the foundation, the deformation of the soil body under the reciprocating action is another factor to be considered in engineering design.
One of the most important factors for the strength and deformation characteristics of coarse-grained soil is the stress level to which the soil is subjected. Only if the strength and deformation characteristics of coarse-grained soil under different stress levels are mastered, the bearing capacity of the foundation can be calculated, and the long-term deformation response of the foundation can be evaluated. Therefore, developing a set of test device capable of rapidly and conveniently measuring the strength and deformation characteristics of coarse-grained soil under different stress levels has important engineering practical significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems that: the coarse-grained soil strength and deformation characteristic measuring device based on the vacuum negative pressure has the advantages of simple structure, convenience in operation, low cost and high practicability.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a coarse-grained soil intensity and deformation characteristic survey device based on vacuum negative pressure which characterized in that: the device comprises a controller, a bracket, a vertical displacement loading mechanism, a sample sealing loading mechanism, a negative pressure vacuum device, a shaft force meter, a pore pressure sensor and a displacement sensor, wherein the sample sealing loading mechanism is provided with a sealing chamber which is used for loading a sample and can expand and contract according to the change of internal and external pressure differences;
the support is provided with a counter-force base, a counter-force supporting rod and a cross beam, wherein the cross beam is positioned above the counter-force base, and the cross beam is fixed on the counter-force base through the counter-force supporting rod;
the reaction base is sequentially connected with a vertical displacement loading mechanism, a base and a sample sealing loading mechanism from bottom to top, a shaft force meter is arranged above the sample sealing loading mechanism, and the shaft force meter is fixed on a beam above the shaft force meter through a pressure rod and a bolt;
the negative pressure vacuum device is communicated with a sealing cavity of the sample sealing and loading mechanism through a latex tube;
the pore pressure sensor is communicated to a sealing cavity of the sample sealing and loading mechanism through a latex tube; the displacement sensor is arranged between the counter-force base and the base;
the controller is connected with the vertical displacement loading mechanism and the negative pressure vacuum device in a circuit manner and controls the vertical displacement loading mechanism and the negative pressure vacuum device to act; the controller is connected with the axial force meter, the pore pressure sensor and the displacement sensor in a circuit manner, and data measured by the axial force meter, the pore pressure sensor and the displacement sensor are obtained.
The sample sealing and loading mechanism is provided with a cylindrical latex film, the lower end of the latex film is sequentially sleeved on the lower crystal head and the sample base and is sealed by an O-shaped sealing ring, the upper end of the latex film is sleeved on the upper crystal head and is sealed by the O-shaped sealing ring, and the latex film, the upper crystal head and the lower crystal head enclose the sealing chamber.
The controller comprises a computer and a data acquisition controller, and the computer is connected with the vertical displacement loading mechanism, the negative pressure vacuum device, the axial force meter, the pore pressure sensor and the displacement sensor through the data acquisition controller.
The vertical displacement loading mechanism is provided with a servo motor connected with the controller through a circuit.
The negative pressure vacuum device comprises a negative pressure vacuum box and a negative pressure controller, wherein the negative pressure vacuum box is communicated with the sealing cavity through a latex tube, and the negative pressure vacuum box is in circuit connection with the controller through the negative pressure controller.
The upper crystal head is horizontally arranged, and the top of the upper crystal head is provided with a groove corresponding to the axial force meter.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the invention has simple structure, convenient manufacture and lower cost, and can simulate different stress levels of soil body by matching with the cylindrical latex film through the vacuum negative pressure method, thereby having convenient operation and higher practicability.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a graph of sample force in an example.
FIG. 3 is a graph of soil stress path simulated by the embodiment.
Fig. 4 is a graph of simulated soil stress-strain response for an example.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment is a coarse-grained soil strength and deformation characteristic measuring device based on vacuum negative pressure, which comprises a computer 17, a data acquisition controller 16, a bracket, a vertical displacement loading mechanism, a sample sealing loading mechanism, a negative pressure vacuum box 14, a negative pressure controller 15, a shaft force meter 5, a pore pressure sensor 13 and a displacement sensor 11.
The support has reaction base 3, reaction branch 2 and crossbeam 1, and crossbeam 1 is located reaction base 3 top, and crossbeam 1 is fixed in reaction base 3 through reaction branch 2.
In this example, a vertical displacement loading mechanism is arranged on the reaction base 3, a base 10 is connected to the upper end of the vertical displacement loading mechanism, and a sample sealing loading mechanism is arranged on the base 10. The sample sealing and loading mechanism in this example comprises a cylindrical latex film 7, an upper crystal head 61, a lower crystal head 62 and a sample base 9, wherein the lower end of the latex film 7 is sequentially sleeved on the lower crystal head 62 and the sample base 9 and is sealed by an O-shaped sealing ring 8, coarse soil particles are scattered into the latex film 7, the upper crystal head 61 is horizontally arranged on the upper surface of the coarse soil particles, the upper crystal head and the latex film 7 are sealed by the O-shaped sealing ring 8, and a groove is formed in the top surface of the upper crystal head 61 in this example.
In this embodiment, the axial force gauge 5 is disposed above the upper crystal head 61, the axial force gauge 5 is fixed on the upper beam 1 through the pressure rod 4 and the bolt, and the pressure rod 4 and the axial force gauge 5 can move up and down by rotating the bolt, so that the sample can be conveniently installed in place. In the embodiment, the position of the axial force meter 5 is adjusted so that the top of the axial force meter 5 just abuts against the groove on the surface of the upper crystal head 61, point-point contact is realized between the axial force meter 5 and the groove, uneven stress of a sample caused by uneven force application is avoided, and the axial force meter 5 can feed back the load applied to the top of the sample in real time in the loading process.
The vertical displacement loading mechanism in this embodiment has a servo motor 12, and the servo motor 12 controls the base 10 above it to move up and down. In this example, a displacement sensor 11 is disposed between the base 10 and the counter base 3, and the vertical displacement of the base 10 relative to the counter base 3 can be measured by the displacement sensor 11, so as to measure the axial strain of the sample in the loading process.
The negative pressure vacuum box 14 is in this case electrically connected to the negative pressure controller 15, and the negative pressure vacuum box 14 is communicated to the lower part of the sample by a latex tube through the lower crystal head 62 of the sample sealing and loading mechanism. The negative pressure vacuum box 14 and the negative pressure controller 15 can realize negative pressure loads of different magnitudes in the sample, so that different stress levels of the coarse-grained soil sample in practice are simulated. In the embodiment, the pore pressure sensor 13 is communicated to the upper part of the sample through a latex tube passing through the upper crystal head 61 of the sample sealing and loading mechanism, and the vacuum negative pressure in the sample is adopted in real time.
The computer 17 is in circuit connection with the servo motor 12, the displacement sensor 11, the negative pressure controller 15, the pore pressure sensor 13 and the axial force meter 5 through the data acquisition controller 16, and the computer 17 can carry out stress control and strain control loading on the sample through controlling the servo motor 12, wherein the loading mode can be static loading or dynamic loading; the computer 17 controls the negative pressure vacuum box 14 through controlling the negative pressure controller 15, so that negative pressure loads of different magnitudes in the sample are realized; the computer 17 acquires corresponding test data through the axial force meter 5, the negative pressure controller 15 and the pore pressure sensor 13, and displays and stores the test data.
The loading principle of this embodiment is as follows:
first, a vacuum negative pressure sigma is applied to a sample 0 I.e. equidirectional loading, according to the equilibrium condition of the forces:
the stress of the soil body sample in three directions is as follows:
σ 1 =σ 2 =σ 3 =σ 0 ;
here σ 2 、σ 3 Respectively represent the stress in the horizontal direction (radial direction), sigma 1 Representing the stress in the vertical direction (axial direction).
Then, the servo motor 12 is controlled to move the loading base 10 to apply an axial load sigma to the sample load :
The stress state of the soil body sample is as shown in fig. 2:
σ 2 =σ 3 =σ 0 ;
σ 1 =σ load +σ 0 ;
as shown in fig. 3, the stress path of a test sample in a p-q (p represents average stress, q represents bias stress, and a specific calculation formula is shown in fig. 3) coordinate system commonly used in geotechnical engineering can realize static force and cyclic loading of different stress levels by controlling negative pressure.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing typical response curves of a test specimen under different forms of load, and by means of the device, the strength, rigidity and cumulative deformation response of the test specimen under different stress levels and cyclic loads can be obtained.
The loading process of the present embodiment includes the steps of:
the latex film is sleeved on the lower crystal head 62 and the sample base and is sealed by an O-shaped sealing ring 8;
sprinkling test coarse-grained soil into the emulsion film 7, installing the upper crystal head 61 and sealing by using the O-shaped sealing ring 8, ensuring the air tightness of the sample, and connecting a pore pressure gauge to the upper crystal head 61 through an emulsion tube;
the fixed cross beam 1, the reaction strut 2 and the reaction base 3 form a reaction system;
fixing the pressure rod 4 and the axial force meter 5, and enabling the axial force meter 5 to be propped against the surface of the upper crystal head 61;
one end of a negative pressure vacuum box 14 is communicated with the bottom of the sample, and the other end of the negative pressure vacuum box is connected with a negative pressure controller 15;
the control computer 17 firstly sets the test stress level and performs negative pressure vacuumizing;
the axial force meter 5, the pore pressure sensor 13, the servo motor 12 and the negative pressure controller 15 are connected to the data acquisition controller 16 and finally summarized to a computer;
the servo motor 12 is controlled to move the base 10, and static force or cyclic loading in the axial direction of the sample is performed.
Claims (5)
1. The utility model provides a coarse-grained soil intensity and deformation characteristic survey device based on vacuum negative pressure which characterized in that: the device comprises a controller, a bracket, a vertical displacement loading mechanism, a sample sealing loading mechanism, a negative pressure vacuum device, an axial force meter (5), a pore pressure sensor (13) and a displacement sensor (11), wherein the sample sealing loading mechanism is provided with a sealing chamber which is used for loading a sample and can expand and contract according to the change of internal and external pressure differences;
the support is provided with a counter-force base (3), a counter-force supporting rod (2) and a cross beam (1), wherein the cross beam (1) is positioned above the counter-force base (3), and the cross beam (1) is fixed on the counter-force base (3) through the counter-force supporting rod (2);
the reaction base (3) is sequentially connected with a vertical displacement loading mechanism, a base (10) and a sample sealing loading mechanism from bottom to top, a shaft force meter (5) is arranged above the sample sealing loading mechanism, and the shaft force meter (5) is fixed on the upper cross beam (1) through a pressure rod (4) and a bolt;
the negative pressure vacuum device is communicated with a sealing cavity of the sample sealing and loading mechanism through a latex tube; the negative pressure vacuum device comprises a negative pressure vacuum box (14) and a negative pressure controller (15), the negative pressure vacuum box (14) is communicated with the sealed cavity through a latex tube, and the negative pressure vacuum box (14) is in circuit connection with the controller through the negative pressure controller (15); negative pressure loads of different magnitudes in the sample can be realized through the negative pressure vacuum box (14) and the negative pressure controller (15), so that different stress levels of the coarse-grained soil sample in practice are simulated;
the pore pressure sensor (13) is communicated to a sealing cavity of the sample sealing and loading mechanism through a latex tube; the displacement sensor (11) is arranged between the counter-force base (3) and the base (10);
the controller is connected with the vertical displacement loading mechanism and the negative pressure vacuum device in a circuit manner and controls the vertical displacement loading mechanism and the negative pressure vacuum device to act; the controller is in circuit connection with the axial force meter (5), the pore pressure sensor (13) and the displacement sensor (11), and acquires data measured by the axial force meter (5), the pore pressure sensor (13) and the displacement sensor (11).
2. The apparatus for measuring strength and deformation characteristics of coarse-grained soil based on vacuum negative pressure according to claim 1, wherein: the sample sealing and loading mechanism is provided with a cylindrical latex film (7), the lower end of the latex film (7) is sequentially sleeved on a lower crystal head (62) and a sample base (9) and is sealed by an O-shaped sealing ring (8), the upper end of the latex film (7) is sleeved on an upper crystal head (61) and is sealed by the O-shaped sealing ring (8), and the latex film (7) and the upper crystal head and the lower crystal head enclose the sealing chamber.
3. The vacuum negative pressure-based coarse soil strength and deformation characteristic measuring apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the controller comprises a computer (17) and a data acquisition controller (16), wherein the computer (17) is in circuit connection with the vertical displacement loading mechanism, the negative pressure vacuum device, the axial force meter (5), the pore pressure sensor (13) and the displacement sensor (11) through the data acquisition controller (16).
4. The apparatus for measuring strength and deformation characteristics of coarse-grained soil based on vacuum negative pressure according to claim 1, wherein: the vertical displacement loading mechanism is provided with a servo motor (12) connected with the controller through a circuit.
5. The apparatus for measuring strength and deformation characteristics of coarse-grained soil based on vacuum negative pressure according to claim 2, wherein: the upper crystal head (61) is horizontally arranged, and the top of the upper crystal head is provided with a groove corresponding to the axial force meter (5).
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CN107807057B (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2023-08-08 | 太原理工大学 | Experimental device suitable for coal rock mass axial vibration loading |
CN107907413B (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2019-07-16 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of magnetic intends moonscape gravitational field vacuum environment experimental rig and test method |
CN112683677B (en) * | 2021-03-12 | 2021-05-28 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Test system and method for simulating rock-soil dynamics under variable gravity and vacuum conditions |
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CN102628767A (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2012-08-08 | 河海大学 | Device and method for testing mechanical properties of pile-soil contact surface |
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JP5014389B2 (en) * | 2009-08-27 | 2012-08-29 | 日本工営株式会社 | Soil tensile strength measuring device and soil tensile strength measuring method |
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CN104458409A (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2015-03-25 | 中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Main stress application device for true triaxial apparatus |
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JPS57125340A (en) * | 1981-01-28 | 1982-08-04 | Toshiba Corp | Method of and apparatus for squeezing test of pelletizing powder |
CN102628767A (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2012-08-08 | 河海大学 | Device and method for testing mechanical properties of pile-soil contact surface |
JP2015102472A (en) * | 2013-11-27 | 2015-06-04 | 国立大学法人横浜国立大学 | Triaxial test device and triaxial test method |
CN204314138U (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2015-05-06 | 中国电建集团中南勘测设计研究院有限公司 | A kind of True Triaxial Apparatus intermediate principal stress bringing device |
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