CN204590104U - A kind of bath scaled model experimental device of simulating self-balance testing pile method - Google Patents
A kind of bath scaled model experimental device of simulating self-balance testing pile method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种模拟自平衡测桩法的模型实验装置，包括土体装载桶、第一模型桩和第二模型桩，土体装载桶的上方开口，底部设有一通孔，第一模型桩和第二模型桩结构相同且中部空心，土体装载桶安装在支架上方，第一模型桩和第二模型桩同轴心上下排列、垂直设置在土体装载桶的中部，土体装载桶内填充模型土将第一模型桩和第二模型桩固定在土体装载桶内，第一模型桩的底部和第二模型桩顶部分别设有大于第一、第二模型桩内径的垫块，第一模型桩上的垫块与第一钢索的一端连接，第一钢索的另一端通过设置土体装载桶外、第一模型桩正上方的定滑轮组与第一砝码连接，第二模型桩上的垫块与第二钢索的一端连接，第二钢索的另一端穿过土体装载桶的通孔与设置在第二模型桩正下方的第二砝码连接，第一砝码和第二砝码的重量相同，本实用新型用于研究和分析自平衡测桩法，对于促进自平衡测桩法的推广应用、开发基桩承载力检测技术，具有重大的工程意义和学术价值。
A model experiment device for simulating the self-balancing pile measuring method, comprising a soil loading barrel, a first model pile and a second model pile, the top of the soil loading bucket is open, and a through hole is provided at the bottom, the first model pile and the second model pile The model piles have the same structure and are hollow in the middle. The soil loading bucket is installed above the support. The first model pile and the second model pile are arranged up and down on the same axis and vertically arranged in the middle of the soil loading bucket. The soil loading bucket is filled with model soil Fix the first model pile and the second model pile in the soil loading bucket, the bottom of the first model pile and the top of the second model pile are respectively provided with pads larger than the inner diameter of the first and second model piles, the first model pile The spacer on the top is connected with one end of the first steel cable, and the other end of the first steel cable is connected with the first weight through the fixed pulley set outside the soil loading bucket and directly above the first model pile, and the other end of the second model pile The spacer is connected with one end of the second steel cable, and the other end of the second steel cable passes through the through hole of the soil loading barrel and is connected with the second weight arranged directly below the second model pile, and the first weight and the second The weights of the weights are the same. The utility model is used for researching and analyzing the self-balancing pile measuring method, and has great engineering significance and academic value for promoting the popularization and application of the self-balancing pile measuring method and developing foundation pile bearing capacity detection technology.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及一种模拟自平衡测桩法的模型实验装置。The utility model relates to a model experiment device for simulating a self-balancing pile measuring method.
背景技术Background technique
土木、水利等工程中，桩基础得到广泛应用。桩基础的施工难度大，隐蔽性极高，质量很难得到保证，承载力测试至关重要。传统基桩承载力测试方法主要有堆载法(在反力架上添加配重块来进行桩顶加载、测试位移)与锚桩法(由锚桩的抗拔能力来充当反力装置、测试位移)，这两种方法均可靠，但是，仅适用于承载力不太大、场地条件好等情况，对于直径和承载力很大、场地不平整、周围环绕水等条件难以实施。自平衡法是基桩静载试验的一种新方法，基本方法是：将一种特制的加载装置(荷载箱)和钢筋笼焊接在一起埋入桩内，将荷载箱的高压油管引到地面，然后浇注成桩,由高压油泵在地面向荷载箱充油加载，荷载箱将力传递到桩身，其上部桩身的摩擦力与自重与下部桩的摩擦力及端阻力相平衡(称为自平衡)来维持加载，测试荷载箱上、下部的位移和上段桩的顶部位移，得到上、下桩的荷载-位移曲线(3条)，从而判断基桩的承载力。该方法不受地形和空间的限制，遇到水域、斜坡、场地狭小、高承载力等难以进行传统的基桩检测方法条件，自平衡测试法有明显的优势。但是，土是长期地质作用的产物，上段桩体工作条件与工程桩不一致，不同桩-土体系的负摩阻力非常复杂，测试时，存在平衡点确定、承载力确定、是否可用于工程桩等三大技术难题，制约了自平衡测桩法在工程中的推广应用。In civil engineering, water conservancy and other projects, pile foundations are widely used. The construction of the pile foundation is difficult, the concealment is extremely high, and the quality is difficult to guarantee. The bearing capacity test is very important. The traditional methods for testing the bearing capacity of foundation piles mainly include the surcharge method (adding a counterweight to the reaction frame to load the top of the pile and test the displacement) and the anchor pile method (using the pull-out resistance of the anchor pile as a reaction device, testing Displacement), these two methods are reliable, but they are only applicable to the situation where the bearing capacity is not too large and the site conditions are good, and it is difficult to implement the conditions such as large diameter and bearing capacity, uneven site, and surrounding water. The self-balancing method is a new method of pile static load test. The basic method is: a special loading device (load box) and a steel cage are welded together and buried in the pile, and the high-pressure oil pipe of the load box is led to the ground. , and then poured into piles, the load box is filled with oil by the high-pressure oil pump on the ground, and the load box transmits the force to the pile body, and the friction force and self-weight of the upper pile body are balanced with the friction force and end resistance of the lower pile (called Self-balancing) to maintain the loading, test the displacement of the upper and lower parts of the load box and the top displacement of the upper pile, and obtain the load-displacement curves (3) of the upper and lower piles, so as to judge the bearing capacity of the foundation pile. This method is not restricted by terrain and space. When encountering conditions such as water area, slope, narrow site, and high bearing capacity, which are difficult to perform traditional foundation pile detection methods, the self-balancing test method has obvious advantages. However, soil is the product of long-term geological action. The working conditions of the upper section of the pile body are inconsistent with those of engineering piles. The negative friction resistance of different pile-soil systems is very complicated. During the test, there are determination of balance point, determination of bearing capacity, whether it can be used for engineering piles, etc. Three technical problems have restricted the popularization and application of the self-balancing pile measuring method in engineering.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型的目的在于克服现有技术的不足而提供一种准确模拟自平衡测桩法，可准确测量出模型桩的荷载-位移曲线和模型桩桩身侧摩阻力的模拟自平衡测桩法的模型实验装置。The purpose of this utility model is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide an accurate simulated self-balanced pile measurement method, which can accurately measure the load-displacement curve of the model pile and the simulated self-balanced pile measurement method of the side friction resistance of the model pile model experimental setup.
为了实现上述目的，本实用新型所采用的技术方案是：In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the utility model is:
一种模拟自平衡测桩法的模型实验装置，包括土体装载桶、第一模型桩和第二模型桩，所述土体装载桶的上方开口，底部设有一通孔，所述第一模型桩和第二模型桩结构相同且中部空心，所述土体装载桶安装在支架上方，所述第一模型桩和第二模型桩同轴心上下排列、垂直设置在土体装载桶的中部，所述土体装载桶内填充模型土将第一模型桩和第二模型桩固定在土体装载桶内，所述第一模型桩的底部和第二模型桩顶部分别设有大于第一、第二模型桩内径的垫块，所述第一模型桩上的垫块与第一钢索的一端连接，所述第一钢索的另一端通过设置土体装载桶外、第一模型桩正上方的定滑轮组与第一砝码连接，所述第二模型桩上的垫块与第二钢索的一端连接，所述第二钢索的另一端穿过土体装载桶的通孔与设置在第二模型桩正下方的第二砝码连接，所述第一砝码和第二砝码的重量相同，所述第一模型桩和第二模型桩的外表面上固定有应变片，所述第一钢索上设有测量其垂直方向移动量(即：第一模型桩的底部向上移动量)的第三测量装置，所述第一模型桩的顶部设有测量其垂直方向移动量(即：第一模型桩顶部向上移动量)的第二测量装置，所述第二钢索上设有测量其垂直方向移动量(即：第二模型桩顶部向下移动量)的第一测量装置。A model experiment device for simulating the self-balancing pile measuring method, comprising a soil loading bucket, a first model pile and a second model pile, the top of the soil loading bucket is open, and a through hole is provided at the bottom, and the first model The pile and the second model pile have the same structure and are hollow in the middle, the soil loading bucket is installed above the bracket, the first model pile and the second model pile are arranged up and down with the same axis, and are vertically arranged in the middle of the soil loading bucket, The soil loading bucket is filled with model soil to fix the first model pile and the second model pile in the soil loading bucket. The cushion block of the inner diameter of the second model pile, the cushion block on the first model pile is connected to one end of the first steel cable, and the other end of the first steel cable passes through the outside of the soil loading bucket and directly above the first model pile The fixed pulley block is connected with the first weight, the cushion block on the second model pile is connected with one end of the second steel cable, and the other end of the second steel cable passes through the through hole of the soil loading bucket and is arranged on the The second weight directly below the second model pile is connected, the weight of the first weight and the second weight are the same, and strain gauges are fixed on the outer surfaces of the first model pile and the second model pile, and the The first cable is provided with a third measuring device for measuring its vertical movement (i.e. the upward movement of the bottom of the first model pile), and the top of the first model pile is provided with a measuring device for measuring its vertical movement (i.e. : the second measuring device of the upward movement of the top of the first model pile), the second steel cable is provided with the first measuring device of measuring its vertical movement (that is: the downward movement of the second model pile top).
所述第一、第二、第三测量装置均为百分表组。The first, second and third measuring devices are dial indicator groups.
所述第一钢索和第二钢索上设有挂钩，所述第一砝码和第二砝码通过挂钩固定在第一钢索和第二钢索上。A hook is provided on the first steel cable and the second steel cable, and the first weight and the second weight are fixed on the first steel cable and the second steel cable through the hook.
所述第一模型桩和第二模型桩上的应变片与TDS530应变仪连接。The strain gauges on the first model pile and the second model pile are connected with TDS530 strain gauges.
由于采用上述方案，本装置通过定滑轮、第一钢索和垫块配合通过第一砝码对第一模型桩的底部施加向上的顶推力，同时通过第二钢索、垫块配合利用第二砝码对第二模型桩的顶部施加向下的压力，这样准确模拟了自平衡测桩法的千斤顶的动作，定滑轮和钢索保证了力传递的准确性，同时采用这种方式将第一砝码和第二砝码均设置在土体装载桶的外侧，从而方便在试验进行过程中对第一砝码和第二砝码的重量进行更换，同时采用砝码进行加载，保证每级荷载加载稳定，并且使得实验过程中无需补压，在实验中通过百分表组对第一钢索(即：第一模型桩的底部向上移动量)、第一模型桩顶部(即：第一模型桩顶部向上移动量)、第二钢索(即：第二模型桩顶部向下移动量)在垂直方向的移动进行测量，从而得出模型桩的三条荷载-位移曲线，通过应变片对模型桩桩身轴力和侧摩阻力进行测量，从而方便利用本装置测量的数据对自平衡测桩法进行研究。Due to the adoption of the above scheme, the device exerts an upward thrust on the bottom of the first model pile through the cooperation of the fixed pulley, the first steel cable and the cushion block through the first weight, and at the same time, the second steel cable and the cushion block cooperate to use the second The weight exerts downward pressure on the top of the second model pile, which accurately simulates the action of the jack of the self-balancing pile method. The fixed pulley and the steel cable ensure the accuracy of force transmission. Both the weight and the second weight are set on the outside of the soil loading barrel, so that the weight of the first weight and the second weight can be easily replaced during the test, and the weight is used for loading at the same time, ensuring that the load of each level The loading is stable, and no supplementary pressure is required during the experiment. In the experiment, the first steel cable (that is, the upward movement amount of the bottom of the first model pile) and the top of the first model pile (that is: the first model pile top upward movement), the movement of the second steel cable (that is: the downward movement of the second model pile top) in the vertical direction is measured, so as to obtain three load-displacement curves of the model pile, and the model pile is measured by the strain gauge The axial force of the pile body and the lateral frictional resistance are measured, so that the data measured by the device can be used to study the self-balancing pile measurement method.
综上所述，本装置采用自平衡测桩法的基本原理，可以通过本装置研究模型桩的荷载-位移曲线、桩身侧摩阻力分布规律，从而分析桩底上托、桩顶下压、桩顶上拉时桩土相互作用机理，来研究和分析自平衡测桩法，对于促进自平衡测桩法的推广应用、开发基桩承载力检测技术，具有重大的工程意义和学术价值。To sum up, this device adopts the basic principle of the self-balancing pile measuring method, and can use this device to study the load-displacement curve of the model pile and the distribution of the frictional resistance on the side of the pile, so as to analyze the uplifting of the pile bottom, the downward pressure of the pile top, The study and analysis of the self-balancing pile measuring method based on the pile-soil interaction mechanism when the pile top is pulled up has great engineering significance and academic value for promoting the popularization and application of the self-balancing pile measuring method and the development of foundation pile bearing capacity testing technology.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本实用新型结构示意图。Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the utility model.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图，进一步详细说明本专利的具体实施方式。Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific implementation manner of this patent is described in further detail.
如图1所示，一种模拟自平衡测桩法的模型实验装置，包括土体装载桶1、第一模型桩3和第二模型桩2，所述土体装载桶1的上方开口，底部设有一通孔，所述第一模型桩3和第二模型桩2结构相同且中部空心，所述土体装载桶1安装在支架上方，所述第一模型桩3和第二模型桩2同轴心上下排列、垂直设置在土体装载桶1的中部，所述土体装载桶1内填充模型土将第一模型桩和第二模型桩固定在土体装载桶1内，所述第一模型桩3的底部和第二模型桩2顶部分别设有大于第一、第二模型桩内径的垫块7，所述第一模型桩3上的垫块与第一钢索的一端连接，所述第一钢索的另一端通过设置土体装载桶外、第一模型桩3正上方的定滑轮组4与第一砝码5连接，所述第二模型桩2上的垫块与第二钢索的一端连接，所述第二钢索的另一端穿过土体装载桶1的通孔与设置在第二模型桩2正下方的第二砝码6连接，所述第一砝码5和第二砝码6的重量相同且均通过挂钩固定在第一钢索和第二钢索上，所述第一模型桩3和第二模型桩2的外表面上固定有应变片，所述第一模型桩3和第二模型桩2上的应变片与TDS530应变仪连接，所述第一钢索上设有测量其垂直方向移动量的第三测量装置10，所述第一模型桩3的顶部设有测量其垂直方向移动量的第二测量装置9，所述第二钢索2上设有测量其垂直方向移动量的第一测量装置8，所述第一、第二、第三测量装置均为百分表组。As shown in Figure 1, a kind of model experiment device of simulating self-balancing pile measuring method, comprises soil mass loading barrel 1, first model pile 3 and second model pile 2, the top opening of described soil mass loading barrel 1, bottom A through hole is provided, the first model pile 3 and the second model pile 2 have the same structure and are hollow in the middle, the soil loading bucket 1 is installed above the bracket, and the first model pile 3 and the second model pile 2 are the same The axes are arranged up and down and vertically arranged in the middle of the soil loading bucket 1, the soil loading bucket 1 is filled with model soil to fix the first model pile and the second model pile in the soil loading bucket 1, the first The bottom of the model pile 3 and the top of the second model pile 2 are respectively provided with pads 7 that are larger than the inner diameters of the first and second model piles, and the pads on the first model pile 3 are connected to one end of the first steel cable, so that The other end of the first steel cable is connected to the first weight 5 through the fixed pulley block 4 directly above the first model pile 3 outside the soil loading bucket, and the cushion block on the second model pile 2 is connected to the second steel cable. One end of the cable is connected, and the other end of the second cable passes through the through hole of the soil loading bucket 1 and is connected with the second weight 6 arranged directly below the second model pile 2, and the first weight 5 and The second weight 6 has the same weight and is fixed on the first steel cable and the second steel cable by a hook. The outer surfaces of the first model pile 3 and the second model pile 2 are fixed with strain gauges. The strain gauges on the first model pile 3 and the second model pile 2 are connected to the TDS530 strain gauge, and the first steel cable is provided with a third measuring device 10 for measuring its vertical movement, and the first model pile 3 The top is provided with a second measuring device 9 for measuring its vertical movement, and the second steel cable 2 is provided with a first measuring device 8 for measuring its vertical movement. The first, second and third measuring The devices are all dial indicator groups.
具体实验步骤如下：The specific experimental steps are as follows:
在第一钢索和第二钢索上分别挂上第一砝码5和第二砝码6，第一砝码5和第二砝码6为一个标准砝码(2.5kg/个)，分别读取第一测量装置8、第二测量装置9、第三测量装置10的百分表读数，从而通过计算机或者手工绘制得到3个位置在“荷载-位移”坐标系中的一个点(荷载为2.5kg，位移分别为：第一模型桩的底部向上移动量、第一模型桩顶部向上移动量、第二模型桩顶部向下移动量)，这里之所以既要采集第一模型桩的底部向上移动量，又要采集第一模型桩顶部向上移动量，是因为第一模型桩在试验过程中会产生形变。Hang the first weight 5 and the second weight 6 respectively on the first steel cable and the second steel cable, the first weight 5 and the second weight 6 are a standard weight (2.5kg/piece), respectively Read the dial indicator readings of the first measuring device 8, the second measuring device 9, and the third measuring device 10, thereby obtaining a point in the "load-displacement" coordinate system of 3 positions by computer or manual drawing (the load is 2.5kg, the displacements are: the upward movement of the bottom of the first model pile, the upward movement of the top of the first model pile, and the downward movement of the top of the second model pile). The amount of movement and the upward movement of the top of the first model pile must be collected because the first model pile will be deformed during the test.
然后采集TDS530应变仪接收到的应变，通过计算得到轴力，在第一、二模型桩的“轴力-深度”坐标系中获得该荷载下的一条曲线。Then collect the strain received by the TDS530 strain gauge, calculate the axial force, and obtain a curve under the load in the "axial force-depth" coordinate system of the first and second model piles.
改变第一砝码5和第二砝码6的重量，使得第一砝码5和第二砝码6为n个标准砝码(2.5kg/个)的重量，同步上述步骤，从而在第一、二模型桩的“轴力-深度”坐标系中获得n级荷载下的n条曲线、通过计算机或者手工绘制得到3个位置(第一模型桩的底部、第一模型桩顶部、第二模型桩顶部)的“荷载-位移”曲线。第一模型桩或者第二模型桩发生破坏，实验结束，最后通过得到的数据进行分析。Change the weight of the first weight 5 and the second weight 6, so that the first weight 5 and the second weight 6 are the weight of n standard weights (2.5kg/), synchronize the above steps, so that in the first 1. In the "axial force-depth" coordinate system of the second model pile, n curves under n-level loads are obtained, and three positions are obtained by computer or manual drawing (the bottom of the first model pile, the top of the first model pile, and the second model The "load-displacement" curve of the top of the pile). The first model pile or the second model pile is damaged, the experiment is over, and finally the data obtained are analyzed.
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| CN105625174A (en) * | 2016-01-09 | 2016-06-01 | 武汉科技大学 | Assessment method for carrying capacity of suspension bridge tunnel type anchor |
| CN105571759A (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2016-05-11 | 南京工业大学 | Interface frictional resistance testing device and method for geotechnical engineering |
| CN106066141A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-11-02 | 武汉中和工程技术有限公司 | The pile body shifting discharge observation device of foundation pile self-balanced static-load testing and measuring method |
| CN106596909A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-04-26 | 同济大学 | Model test device for pile type reinforced roadbed |
| CN106596909B (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2023-11-07 | 同济大学 | A model test device for pile-supported reinforced roadbed |
| CN106836315A (en) * | 2017-01-10 | 2017-06-13 | 广西瑞宇建筑科技有限公司 | A kind of vertical displacement detection means |
| CN109900406A (en) * | 2019-03-15 | 2019-06-18 | 广西岩土新技术有限公司 | Expand soil layer negative friction conversion coefficient measuring device, design method and measurement method |
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| CN110847249A (en) * | 2019-10-14 | 2020-02-28 | 东南大学 | An indoor model device for testing the uplift and horizontal bearing performance of pile foundations |
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