CN107014670B - Testing device for multi-directional horizontal bearing capacity of single pile under composite load - Google Patents
Testing device for multi-directional horizontal bearing capacity of single pile under composite load Download PDFInfo
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- CN107014670B CN107014670B CN201710291464.6A CN201710291464A CN107014670B CN 107014670 B CN107014670 B CN 107014670B CN 201710291464 A CN201710291464 A CN 201710291464A CN 107014670 B CN107014670 B CN 107014670B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0003—Steady
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/025—Geometry of the test
- G01N2203/0258—Non axial, i.e. the forces not being applied along an axis of symmetry of the specimen
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0682—Spatial dimension, e.g. length, area, angle
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- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
The device comprises a test device for testing the multi-directional horizontal bearing capacity of a single pile under the action of a composite load, wherein a soil body in a simulation site is placed in a model box, a test single pile is embedded in the soil body in the box, a vertical loading system comprises upright posts, cross beams, levers, vertical loaders and vertical loading weights, one ends of the levers are hinged on a rotating shaft between the two upright posts, the vertical loaders are arranged in the middle of the levers, the vertical loaders are positioned at the top of the test single pile, and the other ends of the levers are connected with the vertical loading weights; the horizontal loading system comprises a horizontal loading pile cap, a fixed pulley, a steel wire rope and weights, wherein the horizontal loading pile cap is arranged on the top surface of the test single pile, the horizontal loading pile cap is connected with one end of the steel wire rope, the steel wire rope penetrates through the fixed pulley, the other end of the steel wire rope is connected with the horizontal loading weights, and the fixed pulley is arranged on the model box; the data acquisition system comprises a displacement meter, wherein the displacement meter is positioned on the horizontal loading pile cap and is connected with the data acquisition instrument. The invention has good effect, convenient operation and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device for testing the horizontal bearing capacity of a single pile under the action of a composite load, which is mainly suitable for the research of the horizontal bearing capacity of the single pile under the combined action of the horizontal load and a normal load in an indoor test, and belongs to the technical field of pile foundation testing.
Background
Along with the continuous rapid development of national economy, wind power generation, offshore platforms, high-rise buildings and the like are continuously constructed, and the buildings are influenced by vertical loads such as dead weight and horizontal loads such as wind loads, earthquakes and tides, so that the combined action mode (composite load) of the vertical loads and the horizontal loads is more complex in stress property than the action mode of the vertical loads or the horizontal loads (single load), and meanwhile, the combined action mode is more practical in engineering. In addition, because the horizontal load of a building or structure is often more than one direction, there is often a multi-directional nature.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defect that the prior art cannot effectively test the single pile multi-directional horizontal bearing capacity under the complex condition, the invention provides the testing device for the single pile multi-directional horizontal bearing capacity under the complex load action, which has the advantages of good effect, convenient operation and low cost.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the utility model provides a test device of multi-directional horizontal bearing capacity of single stake under compound load effect, includes model box, vertical loading system, horizontal loading system and data acquisition system, lay the incasement soil body in simulation place in the model box, the test stake is buried underground to incasement soil body, vertical loading system includes stand, crossbeam, lever, vertical loader and vertical loading weight, the one end of lever articulates in the pivot between two stand, the mid-mounting vertical loader of lever, vertical loader is located the top of test stake, the other end of lever articulates vertical loading weight; the horizontal loading system comprises a horizontal loading pile cap, a movable fixed pulley, a steel wire rope and weights, wherein the horizontal loading pile cap is arranged on the top surface of the test pile, the horizontal loading pile cap is connected with one end of the steel wire rope, the steel wire rope penetrates through the fixed pulley, the other end of the steel wire rope is connected with the horizontal loading weights, and the fixed pulley is arranged on the model box; the data acquisition system comprises a displacement meter, wherein the displacement meter is positioned on the horizontal loading pile cap and is connected with the data acquisition instrument.
Further, the horizontal loading system is a multidirectional horizontal loading system, the fixed pulley is a movable fixed pulley, rollers are arranged at the lower part of the fixed pulley, a circle of the model box is provided with roller tracks, and the rollers are slidably arranged on the roller tracks; one end of the steel wire rope is connected with a cutting sleeve, an annular notch is formed in one circle of the horizontal loading pile cap, and the cutting sleeve is slidably arranged in the annular notch.
Still further, the horizontal loading pile cap is provided with a guide groove for placing the clamping sleeve, and the guide groove is communicated with the annular notch.
Still further, the cutting ferrule includes spherical clamp and upper and lower clamping piece, be equipped with upper and lower clamping piece in the spherical clamp, the one end of wire rope is located the clamping station department between upper and lower clamping piece.
And the horizontal loading pile cap is provided with an angle disc.
The beneficial effects of the invention are mainly shown in the following steps: (1) The vertical and multiple horizontal compound loading can be realized, and the application range is wide. Not only can the vertical and horizontal combined loading be realized, but also a plurality of horizontal combined loading in any horizontal direction can be considered. The performance research of the horizontal bearing capacity of the pile foundation under the action of a plurality of horizontal loads can be simulated under the action of vertical loads, and the engineering application range is wide. And (2) the horizontal loading mode is reasonable. The pile cap is horizontally loaded to connect the pile and the steel wire rope, and then the pile cap is uniformly stressed to be transmitted to the pile foundation, so that the method is more in line with the actual engineering situation. And (3) the operation is simple, the cost is low, and the period is short. Due to the complexity of field test conditions and pile foundation construction, the change rule of the single pile multidirectional horizontal bearing capacity under the action of the composite load is difficult to obtain, and the device has the defects of high field test cost and long period, can effectively solve the field test problem, and has the characteristics of simplicity in operation, low cost and short period.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a test device for the multi-directional horizontal bearing capacity of a single pile under the action of a composite load.
Fig. 2 is a top view of the mold box.
Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the connection of the movable fixed pulley to the mold box.
Fig. 4 is a top view of a horizontal loading pile cap, wherein (a) is the front side and (b) is the back side.
Fig. 5 is a view of the ferrule-to-wire connection.
Fig. 6 is a diagram of a horizontal loading pile cap and ferrule connection.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, a testing device for a single pile multidirectional horizontal bearing capacity under the action of a composite load comprises a model box, a vertical loading system, a multidirectional horizontal loading system, a data acquisition system and a computer control system, wherein the model box is cylindrical without a top cover and hollow, and a box body is formed by welding an annular stainless steel plate. The vertical loading system consists of a stand column, a cross beam, a lever, a vertical loader, weights and the like. The crossbeam is located the upper end of stand for place the stability of magnetic gauge stand and improvement model case. The lever is connected with the upright post by a rotating shaft, and the lever can rotate around the rotating shaft. The horizontal loading system consists of a horizontal loading pile cap, a spherical clamp, a steel wire rope, a movable fixed pulley and weights. The horizontal loading pile cap is provided with a notch and a guide groove for connecting the clamping sleeve, and the outer side wall of the horizontal loading pile cap is carved with an angle disc for measuring angles. The cutting sleeve consists of two conical clamping pieces and a hollow spherical clamping device and is used for fixing the steel wire rope. The data acquisition system consists of an LVDT displacement meter and a data acquisition instrument, and the computer control system is internally provided with software and can record and process data.
The horizontal loading pile cap can be selected according to the shape of the pile. And the horizontal loading pile cap is in threaded connection with the test pile. The movable fixed pulley can rotate 360 degrees on the frame of the model box through the bottom roller. The spherical clamp can rotate 360 degrees in the guide groove. The minimum scale mark of the angle scale is 5 degrees.
The testing device for the multi-directional horizontal bearing capacity of the single pile under the action of the composite load comprises a model box 1; a test pile 2; soil body 3 (miscellaneous fill 31, silty clay 32, silty sand 33, medium sand 34, round gravel 35) in the box; loading the pile cap 4 horizontally; ferrule 5 (consisting of clip 18 and spherical clamp 19); a steel strand 6; a movable fixed pulley 7; a vertical loader 8; a lever 9; a weight 10; a cross beam 11; a magnetometer holder 12; LVDT displacement meter 13; a data acquisition system 14; a computer control system 15; a notch 16; a guide groove 17; a clip 18; a spherical clamp 19; a column 20, a shaft 21; a roller 22; an angle dial 23.
The outside of the model box 1 is welded with 4 upright posts 20, the lever 9 is connected with two upright posts on the same side by adopting a rotating shaft, the lever 9 is fixed with a vertical loader 8 by bolts, and the cross beam 11 is welded on the upright posts 20 and is used for placing a magnetic gauge stand 12. The horizontal loading pile cap 4 is connected with the test pile 2 by adopting threads, the horizontal loading pile cap 4 is provided with a notch 16 and a guide groove 17, and a spherical clamp 19 of the clamping sleeve 5 can enter the notch 16 and move in the guide groove 17. The clip 18 is attached to the steel strand 6 and wedged into the ball fixture 19. The lower part of the movable fixed pulley 7 is provided with a roller 22, so that the movable fixed pulley 7 can move on the wall of the model box 1. The LVDT displacement meter 13 and the data acquisition instrument 14 use data lines to transmit signals, and then the data are converted and transmitted to the computer control system 15.
The building is 26-story building, shear wall structure, pile-raft foundation, and adopts bored pile as pile foundation, the length is 18m, the diameter is 0.6m, and the vertical bearing capacity of single pile is 1500kN. The size of the box body of the test model box is 1000mm in diameter and 1000mm in height. The soil layer of the field is filled with miscellaneous soil, silty clay, silty sand, medium sand and round gravel from top to bottom, the thickness of the soil layer is respectively 2m, 10m, 15m, 5m and 15m, and the pile body enters the round gravel layer for 2m.
The implementation steps of the invention are as follows:
1) And determining the size of the test pile. And manufacturing the model pile according to the designed engineering pile size by reducing according to a certain proportion. This example adopts the steel pipe as experimental stake, presses 50:1, the diameter of the test pile is 30mm, and the height is 900mm.
2) And determining soil layer distribution and thickness. Determining soil layers required by the test according to the field survey report and the length of the pile body, wherein the thickness of each soil layer is 50:1, the soil layer of the field is filled with miscellaneous soil, silty clay, silty sand, medium sand and round gravel from top to bottom, the thickness of the soil layer is 0.04m, 0.2m, 0.3m, 0.1m and 0.3m respectively, and the pile body enters the round gravel layer for 0.04m.
3) Vertical load values and load levels are determined. And 5-stage loading is adopted according to the designed pile top vertical bearing capacity scaling. This example presses the vertical bearing capacity of single stake 50:1, the vertical loading value is 30kN, and the loading is performed in 6kN increments each time.
4) A horizontal load value and a load level are determined. In the embodiment, 10-level loading is adopted for test, and each loading amount is 1/10 of the estimated horizontal bearing capacity of the pile foundation. In this example, the horizontal bearing capacity is estimated to be 20kN according to the existing specifications, and the loading is performed in 2kN increments in three directions each time.
5) And (5) layering soil layers. According to the distribution and thickness of the soil layers, each soil layer is layered and paved in sequence from bottom to top. Firstly, paving a round gravel layer, when the paving thickness reaches the position of a pile end, vertically placing a pile body on the round gravel layer and being positioned at the center of a model box, and then continuously paving corresponding soil layers upwards in sequence. The top and the bottom of each layer of soil body are measured by a leveling ruler, so that the laying levelness is ensured, and the soil layer is required to be laid as far as possible to reach the engineering condition of the site.
6) The loading direction and the number of the horizontal loads are determined. The test device can realize loading in any multiple directions, and the specific loading direction and the specific loading quantity can be determined by the direction and the quantity of horizontal loads born by the engineering piles. According to the horizontal load condition of the engineering pile, the horizontal loading is carried out in three directions, and the included angles are 30 degrees and 60 degrees respectively. Simulating the horizontal force loading of the single pile in different directions.
7) And installing a horizontal loading pile cap. And selecting a horizontal loading pile cap consistent with the outer diameter of the test pile. The horizontal loading pile caps are aligned and screwed into the test piles.
8) And determining the number and the direction of the cutting ferrule. The number and direction of the ferrules should be consistent with the number and direction of the loaded horizontal loads. In this example, 3 horizontal force loads are used, with 30 degrees and 60 degrees between horizontal forces, respectively.
9) And connecting the steel stranded wire with the clamping sleeve. Firstly, a steel strand passes through a spherical clamp, then two symmetrical clamping pieces are pressed at the extending end of the steel strand, and the steel strand are pushed into the spherical clamp together, so that the steel strand is ensured not to exceed the range of the spherical clamp in the process. The connection of the rest 2 cutting sleeves and the steel strand wires can be completed according to the operation. The grain trend of the steel strand wires is consistent with the clamping piece, and the wedge-shaped clamping piece can enable the steel strand wires to be reliably fixed in the spherical clamp under the action of external force.
10 Connecting the clamping sleeves and the horizontal loading pile caps, putting the 3 clamping sleeves into the horizontal loading pile caps along the notches in sequence, adjusting the angles between the clamping sleeves according to the angle scales of the horizontal loading pile caps, and outwards stretching the steel stranded wires when the required angles of 30 degrees and 60 degrees are reached and ensuring that the extension lines of the steel stranded wires pass through the circle centers of the pile caps. And moving the fixed pulley to the steel stranded wire position on the model box, so that the steel stranded wire bypasses the fixed pulley and is connected with the weight tray.
11 A vertical loading system is placed. And adjusting the lever to the center position of the pile so that the vertical loader is placed right above the top of the horizontal loading pile cap.
12 A data acquisition system is installed. The composite load consists of 1 vertical load and 3 horizontal loads, thus requiring a total of 4 LVDT displacement meters. And placing the magnetic meter seat on the cross beam, and adjusting the bracket to enable the 4 LVDT displacement meters and the direction to be measured to be vertical. The LVDT displacement meter is connected with the data acquisition instrument and used for testing the vertical displacement and the three horizontal displacements of the pile top.
13 A multi-directional horizontal ultimate bearing capacity of the single test pile is determined. According to the horizontal loading force and the real-time displacement monitored by the LVDT, 3 load-displacement curves in the horizontal directions are drawn, the horizontal bearing force limit values of the test pile in the 3 directions are respectively determined according to the value requirement of the current standard, and the minimum horizontal bearing force limit value in the three horizontal directions is taken as the single pile multidirectional horizontal limit bearing force under the action of the composite load.
14 Disassembly test device for recovering the soil sample for test. Closing the instrument, sequentially removing the wiping test instrument, removing 3 horizontal loading weights, removing the vertical loading weights, removing the cross beam and the lever, and recycling the test soil body in an up-down sequence for the next use.
15 Determining the horizontal bearing capacity characteristic value of the single pile under the vertical load. Repeating the steps 4) -14) to obtain the horizontal ultimate bearing capacity of the single pile of a group of three piles under different vertical loads. When the horizontal bearing capacity of the three piles under the same vertical load is extremely poor and is not more than 30% of the average value, taking the average value as the single pile multidirectional horizontal limit bearing capacity under the vertical load condition.
16 The horizontal ultimate bearing capacity of the single pile under different vertical loads is determined. And (3) increasing the vertical load to the next level, and repeating the steps 3) -15) to obtain the ultimate bearing capacity of the single pile under different vertical loads under the multidirectional horizontal loading condition.
Claims (3)
1. A testing device for the multidirectional horizontal bearing capacity of a single pile under the action of a composite load is characterized in that: the device comprises a model box, a vertical loading system, a horizontal loading system and a data acquisition system, wherein a box soil body of a simulation site is paved in the model box, a test single pile is buried in the box soil body, the vertical loading system comprises upright posts, a cross beam, a lever, a vertical loader and a vertical loading weight, one end of the lever is hinged on a rotating shaft between the two upright posts, the vertical loader is installed in the middle of the lever and is positioned at the top of the test single pile, and the other end of the lever is connected with the vertical loading weight; the horizontal loading system comprises a horizontal loading pile cap, a fixed pulley, a steel wire rope and weights, wherein the horizontal loading pile cap is arranged on the top surface of the test single pile, the horizontal loading pile cap is connected with one end of the steel wire rope, the steel wire rope penetrates through the fixed pulley, the other end of the steel wire rope is connected with the horizontal loading weights, and the fixed pulley is arranged on the model box; the data acquisition system comprises a displacement meter, wherein the displacement meter is positioned on the horizontal loading pile cap and is connected with the data acquisition instrument;
the horizontal loading system is a multidirectional horizontal loading system, the fixed pulley is a movable fixed pulley, rollers are arranged at the lower part of the fixed pulley, a circle of the model box is provided with roller tracks, and the rollers are slidably arranged on the roller tracks; one end of the steel wire rope is connected with a cutting sleeve, an annular notch is formed in one circle of the horizontal loading pile cap, and the cutting sleeve is slidably arranged in the annular notch; the horizontal loading pile cap is provided with a guide groove for placing the clamping sleeve, and the guide groove is communicated with the annular notch.
2. The test device for the multi-directional horizontal bearing capacity of the single pile under the action of composite load according to claim 1, wherein the test device comprises the following components: the cutting sleeve comprises a spherical clamp and an upper clamping piece and a lower clamping piece, the upper clamping piece and the lower clamping piece are arranged in the spherical clamp, and one end of the steel wire rope is positioned at a clamping station between the upper clamping piece and the lower clamping piece.
3. The test device for the multi-directional horizontal bearing capacity of the single pile under the action of composite load according to claim 1, wherein the test device comprises the following components: and the horizontal loading pile cap is provided with an angle disc.
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| CN110206077B (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2021-06-04 | 天津大学 | Fan foundation vertical and multidirectional horizontal loading model test device |
| CN110595891B (en) * | 2019-10-09 | 2021-05-04 | 山东大学 | Test device and method for researching interaction and influence of structure |
| CN115369932B (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2023-05-19 | 广州地铁设计研究院股份有限公司 | Bearing capacity test device and method for indoor engineering pile model |
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