CN105277444A - Full-mechanical-type pile model test device and test method based on multidirectional loading - Google Patents
Full-mechanical-type pile model test device and test method based on multidirectional loading Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Provided are a full-mechanical-type pile model test device and test method based on multidirectional loading The test device comprises a groove pedestal and four groove stand columns arranged on the groove pedestal vertically. A groove side wall is arranged between adjacent groove stand columns. Column top cross beams are arranged at the upper parts of two groove stand columns at the same side respectively. A counter-force rack is connected between the two column top cross beams. Components of the test device are connected mostly through bolts, full-mechanical-type connection is achieved, dismounting and mounting are convenient, multiple kinds of combination can be achieved according to test contents, the width and the height of the device can be adjusted according to test requirements, and the adjusting capability is strong. The test method is advantaged by reasonable design, simple technology and simple operation, and loading test of a plurality of single piles or multidirectional loading test of a single pile can be carried out respectively at the same time. In the test process, automatic stability determination, automatic voltage stabilization and charge maintenance, automatic loading, automatic record and automatic data collection can be achieved, test precision can be ensured, and the test efficiency can be raised. A host is placed in a laboratory, operation is controlled in a wireless manner, and the working environment is good.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to large-scale pile foundation modeling techniques field, particularly a kind of fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus based on multidirectional loading and test method.
Background technology
Along with the fast development of national economy, the application of pile foundation in the engineerings such as high-rise building, high ferro, deep foundation pit support gets more and more, and the pile test relevant to pile foundation also becomes more and more important.Due to the defect such as pile foundation on-the-spot test has costly, engineering pile can not be loaded into destruction degree, Consideration be limited, therefore, large scale model test is carried out when test condition is limited at the scene, destruction can be loaded under various operating mode, more can consider the influence factor of single pile and clump of piles load-carrying properties, the various pile foundation pile-soil interaction mechanism of grasp and optimization Design of Foundation are had great importance.
At present, the patent No. is that the patent of invention of ZL03125454.3 discloses a kind of unsaturated soil pile foundation model test apparatus, it is made up of upper cover and the demountable pressure vessel of base, by to upper cover, base and groove special processing, the geology suction of soil sample can be controlled in test easily, realize the load-carrying properties test of Model Pile in the unsaturation soil body; But model scale is little in this device, and belong to the connection of non-fully mechanical, effective loading of leveling peg can not be realized.The patent No. is separately had to be the patent of invention of ZL201210081275.3, it discloses a kind of pile pressing device of geotechnical centrifugal model test Model Pile, this device can implement push operation for single pile and a clump of piles etc., press-in angle and the speed of stake can be regulated, ensure the accuracy of Model Pile burial place, piling process can be completed under 1g and Centrifugal Environment; But this device is only confined to the accurate press-in of implementation model stake under Centrifugal Environment, does not relate to the multidirectional load test method of large scale Model Pile, and belongs to non-fully mechanical connected mode.
In addition, general models test unit mostly is reinforced concrete structure, and model sidewall cannot regulate, mostly can only realize unidirectional static load test, and the stake of simulating in loading is long and method of testing is single, the model test of multidirectional loading simultaneously or piles with different length cannot be realized, use limitation larger.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of rational in infrastructure, be convenient to regulate, easy and simple to handle and the fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus based on multidirectional loading and the test method of multidirectional load test can be carried out to model single pile or a clump of piles.
Technical solution of the present invention is: based on the fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus of multidirectional loading, comprise vertically disposed four groove columns on bottom land seat and bottom land seat, groove sidewall is provided with between adjacent slot column, homonymy two groove column tops are respectively equipped with capital crossbeam, are connected with reaction frame between two capital crossbeams.
Described bottom land seat comprises the anchor hole that basement top layer and basement top layer are preset; Groove column comprises base for post and is vertical at the H-shaped steel column on base for post, base for post is fixed on basement top layer by the anchor bolt in anchor hole, the wing plate edge of H-shaped steel column is laid with bolt hole, and the wing plate place plane of H-shaped steel column is consistent with the length direction of capital crossbeam; Capital crossbeam is H-shaped body beam, and H-shaped body beam two ends clamp with corresponding H-shaped steel column and are connected, and the edge of H-shaped body beam is laid with bolt hole; Reaction frame comprises the fixed mechanism at reaction beam and reaction beam two ends, the fixed head that fixed mechanism comprises edge apertured and the bolt be located in hole, and reaction beam is arranged on capital crossbeam by fixed head and bolt; Groove sidewall comprises multistage baffle plate, and every grade of baffle plate comprises the panel in frame and frame, and the adjacent screen in same side is connected by frame.
Described panel comprises steel plate or armourplate glass; Frame is laid with bolt hole, and the adjacent screen in same side is threaded by frame.
The wing plate edge of described H-shaped steel column is bolted with side reaction frame, and side reaction frame is equal angle, and the both sides of side reaction frame are equipped with bolt hole, and side reaction frame another side is threaded with frame.
The top of described groove sidewall longitudinally superposes and is provided with hollow square steel, and hollow square steel two ends are threaded with side reaction frame or connect with the groove inwall of H-shaped steel column.
Described hollow square steel the top is lower than capital crossbeam.
Described base for post is grooved, and between the groove inwall of base for post and side reaction frame, be equipped with bottom land cushion block between anchor bolt and side reaction frame or baffle plate, bottom land cushion block is the long steel bar of rectangle.
Described basement top layer is made up of reinforced concrete, and its thickness is not less than 15cm, and strength grade of concrete is not less than C40, and anchor hole equidistantly distributes, and the diameter of anchor hole is not less than 10cm; The height of H-shaped steel column is 3 ~ 5m, and the level interval of adjacent H-shaped steel column is 2 ~ 3m, and height is 1.5 ~ 2 with the ratio of level interval; The diameter of anchor bolt is not less than 10cm; The height of every grade of baffle plate is 50cm, length is 2 ~ 3m, and the height of groove sidewall is 2 ~ 4m; The thickness of steel plate is not less than 3mm, and the thickness of armourplate glass is not less than 1cm, and the quantity of hollow square steel is 20 ~ 30, and the cross section length of side of hollow square steel is 5cm; The cross-sectional width of reaction beam is not less than 15cm, thickness is not less than 1cm.
The described large-scale methods of model pile test based on multidirectional loading system, comprise the steps: (1), laying groove base, fixed model stake, bottom land seat installs the fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus based on multidirectional loading around Model Pile, comprise groove sidewall and erection column head piece and reaction frame that groove sidewall that installation panel is from bottom to top steel plate and panel are armourplate glass, and need to provide fixation hollow square steel above the groove sidewall of horizontal reacting force; (2), horizontal reacting force device is installed: fixed hydraulic lifting jack inside hollow square steel, hydraulic jack top ends installs load transducer, spherical bearing is used to connect the pile crown of load transducer and Model Pile, to ensure that Model Pile is subject to the effect of horizontal loading all the time; (3), vertical counterforce device is installed: first, according to the adjustment position of reaction frame on capital crossbeam, Model Pile present position, makes reaction frame be positioned at directly over Model Pile to be measured, to ensure that the vertical loading of each position model stake can be carried out smoothly; Then, fixed load sensor on reaction frame, the pile crown of Model Pile arranges hydraulic jack, connects load transducer and hydraulic jack; (4), multidirectional loading system is arranged: to mate fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus based on multidirectional loading for principle, multidirectional loading system comprises main frame, the front controller of end and wireless communicator, main frame can meet the requirement controlling three directions at most simultaneously and load, and loads or the object of three Model Pile unidirectional loadings simultaneously to realize controlling single Model Pile three directions simultaneously; (5), load test: control multidirectional loading system by wireless communicator, in test multidirectional loading system automatically sentence surely, automatic voltage regulation dimension lotus, automatically load, automatic record, automatic data collection.
Described Model Pile is single pile or a clump of piles, i.e. single Model Pile or many Model Pile; In step (2), inside hollow square steel, be provided with the backing plate being positioned at hydraulic jack top/bottom part, make hollow square steel uniform force, the height of backing plate is highly equal with the superposition of hollow square steel, length is not less than 1m; In step (3), the pile crown of Model Pile is provided with backing plate, and backing plate is connected with hydraulic jack, lays the sand that 5mm is thick between backing plate and the pile crown of Model Pile, to ensure Model Pile uniform stressed; In step (4), main frame is placed in laboratory.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the invention discloses a kind of fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus based on multidirectional loading, be bolted between each parts of this test unit more, for fully mechanical connects, be convenient to dismounting, multiple combination can be carried out according to content of the test, and can according to the width of testing requirements adjusting gear and height, regulating power is strong; Groove sidewall is multistage being spliced, when armourplate glass selected by the panel of groove sidewall, be convenient to observing earth bulk properties, can need to set up hollow square steel according to test simultaneously, according to test needs can one side, two-sided, three or four sides arrange hollow square steel, hollow square steel can bear larger horizontal load, ensures structural strength and stability, thus realizes multidirectional horizontal addload.
2, test method design of the present invention is reasonable, technique is simple, easy and simple to handle, many single pile load tests or the multidirectional load test of single pile can be carried out, in process of the test simultaneously, can realize automatically sentencing steady, automatic voltage regulation dimension lotus, automatically load, record and automatic data collection automatically, can guarantee test accuracy, can test efficiency be improved, and main frame is placed in laboratory, by radio control operations, operating environment is good; Multidirectional loading system is radio transmitting device, and can meet the multidirectional loading of single pile or many requirements simultaneously loaded, the scope of application is wide.
3, be respectively equipped with capital crossbeam on homonymy two groove column tops, be connected with reaction frame between two capital crossbeams, acting as of capital crossbeam: fix 4 H-shaped steel columns, form overall steel shelf structure, make apparatus structure stability strong; Can require adjustment oneself height according to actual tests, enable device adapt to the multi-load test of different length Model Pile, trial stretch is wide; For reaction frame provides support, provide vertical counter-force to the single pile in bottom land seat or a clump of piles; As the support of reaction frame, the position of reaction frame can be adjusted arbitrarily as required, realize optional position pile crown and all can be positioned at immediately below reaction beam, be convenient to provide vertical load to it, greatly can reduce the pile anchoring difficulty of Model Pile.
4, reaction frame comprises the fixed mechanism at reaction beam and reaction beam two ends, the fixed head that fixed mechanism comprises edge apertured and the bolt be located in hole, reaction beam is arranged on capital crossbeam by fixed head and bolt, fixed mechanism fixes reaction beam, to provide the force basis of vertical load, vertical load comprises vertical compression and resistance to plucking load; Be convenient to the position regulating reaction beam, realize optional position Model Pile pile crown and all can be positioned at immediately below reaction beam, greatly can reduce the pile anchoring difficulty of Model Pile.
5, side reaction frame is bolted with at the wing plate edge of H-shaped steel column, side reaction frame is equal angle, the both sides of side reaction frame are equipped with bolt hole, side reaction frame another side is threaded with frame, side reaction frame can bear the outside horizontal direction pressure of self-chambering soil pit sidewall, to prevent groove sidewall stressed outward-dipping.
6, above groove sidewall, longitudinally superposition is provided with hollow square steel, and hollow square steel the top is lower than capital crossbeam; Hollow square steel two ends are threaded with side reaction frame or connect with the groove inwall of H-shaped steel column, the steel bar sidewall that hollow square steel superposes formation mutually has the following advantages: 1, hollow square steel has larger bendind rigidity, larger horizontal direction load can be born, almost without distortion under horizontal force action, loading accuracy of can greatly improving the standard; 2, hollow square steel can directly overlay on groove sidewall, can be four direction and provides counter-force, makes the multidirectional loading of level become possibility; 3, can provide multiple counter-force sidewall to many single pile hydraulic tests, make many single piles can complete single pile horizontal static-load experiment under operating mode of once banketing, easy and simple to handle, test efficiency is high; 4, outside hollow square steel, apply horizontal direction load, the soil body can be realized and be displaced sideways the test objective that single pile or clump of piles load-carrying properties are affected.
7, between the groove inwall and side reaction frame of base for post, between anchor bolt and side reaction frame or baffle plate, bottom land cushion block is equipped with, bottom land cushion block is the long steel bar of rectangle, the effect of bottom land cushion block is the undermost baffle plate of pickup groove sidewall, and the horizontal direction pressure born from banketing, orlop baffle plate is kept vertically.
8, in the present invention, the pitch of holes on the spacing of the bolt hole on the spacing of the bolt hole on the spacing of the bolt hole on H-shaped steel column, frame, H-shaped body beam and fixed head is all equal, is convenient to the position assembling and adjust each parts.
9, H-shaped steel column of the present invention can need to lengthen and adjusting position according to test, can having living space in top and level to installing actuator, providing dynamic load, realizing carrying out vertical and horizontal direction dynamic loading experiment object to Model Pile.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of another angle of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the side view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is the side view of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the vertical view of Fig. 3.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, the fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus based on multidirectional loading shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, it comprises vertically disposed four groove columns 2 on bottom land seat 1 and bottom land seat 1, between adjacent slot column 2, be provided with groove sidewall 3, groove column 2 and groove sidewall 3 surround square cavity jointly.Between the top of homonymy two groove columns 2, be respectively equipped with capital crossbeam 4, two capital crossbeam 4 be parallel to each other, between two capital crossbeams 4, be also connected with reaction frame 5.
Bottom land seat 1 comprises the anchor hole 12 that basement top layer 11 and basement top layer 11 are preset, and anchor hole 12 equidistantly distributes, and the diameter of anchor hole 12 is not less than 10cm.Basement top layer 11 is built by reinforced concrete and is formed, and its thickness is not less than 15cm, and strength grade of concrete is not less than C40.
The H-shaped steel column 21 that groove column 2 comprises base for post 24 and is vertical on base for post 24, H-shaped steel column welds with base for post 24 and forms groove column 2, base for post 24 is fixed on basement top layer 11 by the anchor bolt 25 in anchor hole 12, and groove column 2 is connected with bottom land seat 1 maintaining rigidness.Be laid with bolt hole 22 in the wing plate edge of H-shaped steel column 21, and the wing plate place plane of H-shaped steel column 21 is consistent with the length direction of capital crossbeam 4.
Capital crossbeam 4 is made up of H-shaped body beam 41, is laid with bolt hole 42 at the edge of H-shaped body beam 41, and H-shaped body beam 41 two ends clamp with corresponding H-shaped steel column 21 and are threaded.Acting as of capital crossbeam 4: 1, fix 4 H-shaped steel columns 21, forms overall steel shelf structure, makes apparatus structure stability strong; 2, capital crossbeam 4 can require adjustment oneself height according to actual tests, and enable device adapt to the multi-load test of different length Model Pile, trial stretch is wide; 3, for reaction frame 5 provides support, vertical counter-force is provided to the single pile in bottom land seat 1 or a clump of piles; 4, as the support of reaction frame 5, the position of reaction frame 5 can be adjusted arbitrarily as required, realize optional position pile crown and all can be positioned at immediately below reaction beam 51, be convenient to provide vertical load to it, greatly can reduce the pile anchoring difficulty of Model Pile.
Reaction frame 5 comprises the fixed mechanism 52 at reaction beam 51 and reaction beam 51 two ends, and the fixed head 53 that fixed mechanism 52 comprises edge apertured and the bolt 54 be located in hole, reaction beam 51 is arranged on capital crossbeam 4 by fixed head 53 and bolt 54.Acting as of fixed mechanism 52: 1, fixing reaction beam 51, provide the force basis of vertical load, vertical load comprises vertical compression and resistance to plucking load; 2, be convenient to the position regulating reaction beam 51, realize optional position Model Pile pile crown and all can be positioned at immediately below reaction beam 51, greatly can reduce the pile anchoring difficulty of Model Pile.
Groove sidewall 3 comprises multistage baffle plate 31, and every grade of baffle plate 31 comprises the panel in frame 32 and frame 32, and frame 32 is laid with bolt hole 36, the adjacent screen 31 in same side is threaded by frame 32.Panel comprises steel plate 33 or armourplate glass 34.Be bolted with side reaction frame 5 at the wing plate edge of H-shaped steel column 21, side reaction frame 5 is equal angle, and the both sides of side reaction frame 5 are equipped with bolt hole, and side reaction frame 5 another side is threaded with frame 32.Side reaction frame 5 can bear the outside horizontal direction pressure of self-chambering soil pit sidewall 3, to prevent groove sidewall 3 stressed outward-dipping.
Above groove sidewall 3, longitudinally superposition is provided with hollow square steel 35, and hollow square steel 35 the top is lower than capital crossbeam 4; Hollow square steel 35 two ends are threaded with side reaction frame 5 or connect with the groove inwall of H-shaped steel column 21.The hollow square steel 35 steel bar sidewall that superposition is formed mutually has the following advantages: 1, hollow square steel 35 has larger bendind rigidity, can bear larger horizontal direction load, almost without distortion under horizontal force action, and loading accuracy of can greatly improving the standard; 2, hollow square steel 35 can directly overlay on groove sidewall 3, can be four direction and provides counter-force, makes the multidirectional loading of level become possibility; 3, can provide multiple counter-force sidewall to many single pile hydraulic tests, make many single piles can complete single pile horizontal static-load experiment under operating mode of once banketing, easy and simple to handle, test efficiency is high; 4, outside hollow square steel 35, apply horizontal direction load, the soil body can be realized and be displaced sideways the test objective that single pile or clump of piles load-carrying properties are affected.
In the present invention, base for post 24 is grooved, H-shaped steel column 21 is positioned at the groove of base for post 24, between the groove inwall of base for post 24 and side reaction frame 5, between anchor bolt 25 and side reaction frame 5 or baffle plate 31, be equipped with bottom land cushion block 13, bottom land cushion block 13 is the long steel bar of rectangle, the effect of bottom land cushion block 13 is the undermost baffle plates 31 of pickup groove sidewall 33, and bears the horizontal direction pressure from banketing, and makes orlop baffle plate 31 keep vertical.Reaction beam 51 is the girder steel of square hollow arbor braid dividing plate, and the dividing plate in it can improve the bending resistance of reaction beam 51, can be and provides larger vertical counter-force to provide safeguard.
In the present invention, the pitch of holes on the spacing of the bolt hole 42 on the spacing of the bolt hole 36 on the spacing of the bolt hole 22 on H-shaped steel column 21, frame 32, H-shaped body beam 41 and fixed head 53 is all equal, is convenient to the position assembling and adjust each parts.
In the present embodiment, the height of H-shaped steel column 21 is 3 ~ 5m, and the level interval of adjacent H-shaped steel column 21 is 2 ~ 3m, and height is 1.5 ~ 2 with the ratio of level interval; The diameter of anchor bolt 25 is not less than 10cm; The height of every grade of baffle plate 31 is 50cm, length is 2 ~ 3m, and the height of groove sidewall 3 is 2 ~ 4m, and namely baffle plate 31 is 4 ~ 8 grades; The thickness of steel plate 33 is not less than 3mm, and the thickness of armourplate glass 34 is not less than 1cm, and the quantity of hollow square steel 35 is 20 ~ 30, and the cross section length of side of hollow square steel 35 is 5cm; The cross-sectional width of reaction beam 51 is not less than 15cm, thickness is not less than 1cm.
Test method of the present invention comprises the steps:
(1), laying groove base 1, fixed model stake, bottom land seat 1 installs the fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus based on multidirectional loading around Model Pile, to comprise installation panel be from bottom to top groove sidewall 3 and the panel of steel plate 33 is the groove sidewall 3 of armourplate glass 34 and erection column head piece 4 and reaction frame 5, and is needing to provide fixation hollow square steel 35 above the groove sidewall 3 of horizontal reacting force;
(2), horizontal reacting force device is installed: fixed hydraulic lifting jack inside hollow square steel 35, hydraulic jack top ends installs load transducer, spherical bearing is used to connect the pile crown of load transducer and Model Pile, to ensure that Model Pile is subject to the effect of horizontal loading all the time;
(3), vertical counterforce device is installed: first, according to the adjustment position of reaction frame 5 on capital crossbeam 4, Model Pile present position, makes reaction frame 5 be positioned at directly over Model Pile to be measured, to ensure that the vertical loading of each position model stake can be carried out smoothly; Then, fixed load sensor on reaction frame 5, the pile crown of Model Pile arranges hydraulic jack, connects load transducer and hydraulic jack;
(4), multidirectional loading system is arranged: to mate fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus based on multidirectional loading for principle, multidirectional loading system comprises main frame, the front controller of end and wireless communicator, main frame is placed in laboratory, main frame can meet the requirement controlling three directions at most simultaneously and load, and loads or the object of three Model Pile unidirectional loadings simultaneously to realize controlling single Model Pile three directions simultaneously;
(5), load test: control multidirectional loading system by wireless communicator, in test multidirectional loading system automatically sentence surely, automatic voltage regulation dimension lotus, automatically load, automatic record, automatic data collection.
In above-mentioned steps, Model Pile can be single pile or a clump of piles, i.e. single Model Pile or many Model Pile.
In step (2), inside hollow square steel 35, be provided with the backing plate being positioned at hydraulic jack top/bottom part, make hollow square steel 35 uniform force, the height of backing plate is highly equal with the superposition of hollow square steel 35, length is not less than 1m.
In step (3), the pile crown of Model Pile is provided with backing plate, and backing plate is connected with hydraulic jack, lays the sand that 5mm is thick between backing plate and the pile crown of Model Pile, to ensure Model Pile uniform stressed.
In the present invention, the height of H-shaped steel column 21 and level interval can require regulate according to actual tests, and should meet the clump of piles model test requirement that ratio of similitude is not less than 1:8.
Claims (10)
1. based on the fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus of multidirectional loading, it is characterized in that, comprise vertically disposed four groove columns on bottom land seat and bottom land seat, groove sidewall is provided with between adjacent slot column, homonymy two groove column tops are respectively equipped with capital crossbeam, are connected with reaction frame between two capital crossbeams.
2. as claimed in claim 1 based on the fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus of multidirectional loading, it is characterized in that, described bottom land seat comprises the anchor hole that basement top layer and basement top layer are preset; Groove column comprises base for post and is vertical at the H-shaped steel column on base for post, base for post is fixed on basement top layer by the anchor bolt in anchor hole, the wing plate edge of H-shaped steel column is laid with bolt hole, and the wing plate place plane of H-shaped steel column is consistent with the length direction of capital crossbeam; Capital crossbeam is H-shaped body beam, and H-shaped body beam two ends clamp with corresponding H-shaped steel column and are connected, and the edge of H-shaped body beam is laid with bolt hole; Reaction frame comprises the fixed mechanism at reaction beam and reaction beam two ends, the fixed head that fixed mechanism comprises edge apertured and the bolt be located in hole, and reaction beam is arranged on capital crossbeam by fixed head and bolt; Groove sidewall comprises multistage baffle plate, and every grade of baffle plate comprises the panel in frame and frame, and the adjacent screen in same side is connected by frame.
3., as claimed in claim 1 or 2 based on the fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus of multidirectional loading, it is characterized in that, described panel comprises steel plate or armourplate glass; Frame is laid with bolt hole, and the adjacent screen in same side is threaded by frame.
4. as claimed in claim 3 based on the fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus of multidirectional loading, it is characterized in that, the wing plate edge of described H-shaped steel column is bolted with side reaction frame, side reaction frame is equal angle, the both sides of side reaction frame are equipped with bolt hole, and side reaction frame another side is threaded with frame.
5. as claimed in claim 4 based on the fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus of multidirectional loading, it is characterized in that, the top of described groove sidewall longitudinally superposes and is provided with hollow square steel, and hollow square steel two ends are threaded with side reaction frame or connect with the groove inwall of H-shaped steel column.
6., as claimed in claim 5 based on the fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus of multidirectional loading, it is characterized in that, described hollow square steel the top is lower than capital crossbeam.
7. as claimed in claim 6 based on the fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus of multidirectional loading, it is characterized in that, described base for post is grooved, between the groove inwall of base for post and side reaction frame, be equipped with bottom land cushion block between anchor bolt and side reaction frame or baffle plate, bottom land cushion block is the long steel bar of rectangle.
8. as claimed in claim 7 based on the fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus of multidirectional loading, it is characterized in that, described basement top layer is made up of reinforced concrete, its thickness is not less than 15cm, strength grade of concrete is not less than C40, anchor hole equidistantly distributes, and the diameter of anchor hole is not less than 10cm; The height of H-shaped steel column is 3 ~ 5m, and the level interval of adjacent H-shaped steel column is 2 ~ 3m, and height is 1.5 ~ 2 with the ratio of level interval; The diameter of anchor bolt is not less than 10cm; The height of every grade of baffle plate is 50cm, length is 2 ~ 3m, and the height of groove sidewall is 2 ~ 4m; The thickness of steel plate is not less than 3mm, and the thickness of armourplate glass is not less than 1cm, and the quantity of hollow square steel is 20 ~ 30, and the cross section length of side of hollow square steel is 5cm; The cross-sectional width of reaction beam is not less than 15cm, thickness is not less than 1cm.
9. the large-scale methods of model pile test based on multidirectional loading system as described in claim 1-8, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps: (1), laying groove base, fixed model stake, bottom land seat installs the fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus based on multidirectional loading around Model Pile, comprise groove sidewall and erection column head piece and reaction frame that groove sidewall that installation panel is from bottom to top steel plate and panel are armourplate glass, and need to provide fixation hollow square steel above the groove sidewall of horizontal reacting force; (2), horizontal reacting force device is installed: fixed hydraulic lifting jack inside hollow square steel, hydraulic jack top ends installs load transducer, spherical bearing is used to connect the pile crown of load transducer and Model Pile, to ensure that Model Pile is subject to the effect of horizontal loading all the time; (3), vertical counterforce device is installed: first, according to the adjustment position of reaction frame on capital crossbeam, Model Pile present position, makes reaction frame be positioned at directly over Model Pile to be measured, to ensure that the vertical loading of each position model stake can be carried out smoothly; Then, fixed load sensor on reaction frame, the pile crown of Model Pile arranges hydraulic jack, connects load transducer and hydraulic jack; (4), multidirectional loading system is arranged: to mate fully mechanical pile foundation model test apparatus based on multidirectional loading for principle, multidirectional loading system comprises main frame, the front controller of end and wireless communicator, main frame can meet the requirement controlling three directions at most simultaneously and load, and loads or the object of three Model Pile unidirectional loadings simultaneously to realize controlling single Model Pile three directions simultaneously; (5), load test: control multidirectional loading system by wireless communicator, in test multidirectional loading system automatically sentence surely, automatic voltage regulation dimension lotus, automatically load, automatic record, automatic data collection.
10., as claimed in claim 9 based on the large-scale methods of model pile test of multidirectional loading system, it is characterized in that, described Model Pile is single pile or a clump of piles, i.e. single Model Pile or many Model Pile; In step (2), inside hollow square steel, be provided with the backing plate being positioned at hydraulic jack top/bottom part, make hollow square steel uniform force, the height of backing plate is highly equal with the superposition of hollow square steel, length is not less than 1m; In step (3), the pile crown of Model Pile is provided with backing plate, and backing plate is connected with hydraulic jack, lays the sand that 5mm is thick between backing plate and the pile crown of Model Pile, to ensure Model Pile uniform stressed; In step (4), main frame is placed in laboratory.
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