CN102681028B - Multi-operating mode frame type portable landslide testing device for geomechanical model - Google Patents
Multi-operating mode frame type portable landslide testing device for geomechanical model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A multi-operating mode frame type portable landslide testing device for a geomechanical model belongs to the field of geological hazard model test. The testing device comprises a frame-beam-type testing bed, a rainfall simulator, a water level regulator and a self-weight horizontal loading mechanism, wherein the frame-beam-type testing bed mainly comprises a cuboid framework, a front panel, a rear panel and a base plate; the rainfall simulator is arranged at the top of the frame-beam-type testing bed and comprises a plurality of spraying pipes and nozzles on the spraying pipes and is used for simulating rainfall in the frame-beam-type testing bed; the water level regulator comprises a left-side trough and a right-side trough respectively formed on the left and the right sides of the frame-beam-type testing bed, and a plurality of drainage holes are respectively formed on the right panel of the left-side trough and the left panel of the right-side trough and used for changing the water levels of water level simulation libraries in the left-side trough and the right-side trough; and the self-weight horizontal loading mechanism is arranged above the right-side trough and used for bearing weights, so as to exert horizontal load to the landslide model in the frame-beam-type testing bed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to geologic hazard model test field, the light test unit of a kind of multi-state frame-type landslide geomechanics model of concrete finger.
Background technology
The Landslide Model test belongs to the category of geomechanical model test, and its theory originates from the structural model test of early in the twentieth century setting up.The sixties in 20th century, E. Fumagalli has carried out the three-dimensional model failure test research take Italian Vajont dome dam as background, and this research is the sign that geomechanical model testing technology produces.As far back as the eighties, domestic scholar just starts by the method, adopts the analog material analogue formation in the frame model groove, and to meet boundary condition as basis,, by the analysis of the Monitoring Data such as stress, strain, displacement, water percentage, disclose formation mechanism and the failure mode on prototype landslide.Since 21 century, in modelling, design has obtained remarkable achievement in research to researchers to model framework, and test platform and SYSTEM SUMMARY that it is representative are as follows.
2004, the people such as Zhang Junfeng take casing, porous disc, backstop, plate as main member discloses a kind of water induced landslide stimulation test device, be used for simulated reservoir fluctuation in stage, upstream water supply, the impact of WATER LEVEL CHANGES on coming down, and proposed on this basis concrete test method.
The same year, the people such as Li Shihai have been developed water induced landslide model test, this experimental provision mainly comprises testing table, chamber, water system and is arranged on sliding mass in chamber, and the relation between critical pore-water pressure, sliding mass unstability and piestic water area in the time of can be to the landslide unstability conducts a research.
2005 to 2006, the human hairs such as Li Shucai understood three-qimension geomechanics model exporiment system and the combined type geologic model test bench frame apparatus that is comprised of boxlike test unit and hydraulic loading system.
2006, the people such as Luo Xianqi researched and developed a kind of major landslip physical experiments system of considering rainfall, and this system integrates landing system, rainfall system, monitoring system, has realized integrated, the robotization of system.
2010, the burnt beautiful brave simple and convenient process for preparing that waits the people to propose a kind of earthquake landslide vibrating table test physical model, can be used for making the Landslide Model of different sliding surface forms.
In the same year, the people such as Liu Dongyan provide a kind of landslide simulation test device that is comprised of uncovered experimental box, horizontal stand, experimental box drive unit and automatic angle measurement instrument, its major advantage be the side slope width and toe adjustable.
2011, the human hairs such as Wang Shimei understood a kind of Landslide Model test unit that is comprised of front panel, rear panel, left panel, right panel, its great advantage is to be convenient to regulate, disassembly and assembly, convenient carrying is mobile and test after repacking.
2012, the people such as Fan Yongbo disclose the major landslip physical experiments system under a kind of multifactor effect, have large scale, high precision, sectional type characteristics, and considered multiple hydrodynamic force coupling, utilize many means of testing to obtain the key parameter in each stage of landslide.
Although the research and development of above-mentioned Landslide Model test unit have promoted the development of geomechanical model test research method to a certain extent, consider above-mentioned a plurality of model test apparatus or system, find all to exist to a certain degree limitation or defect:
(1) conventional model test unit scale size is larger, is unfavorable for the researchs that becomes more meticulous such as forming mechanism, failure mode is carried out on landslide.Under the effect of test framework outer load, the lateral deflection distortion is larger, easily causes test boundary condition and actual conditions not to be inconsistent, and structure is heavy, complicated, and, foundation bearing capacity large to the site area requirement requires high, mobile difficulty.The fabrication cycle of whole Landslide Model test unit is long, consumes human and material resources huge;
(2) the conventional model test is mostly generally changed realistic model for the landslide full model, the model that adopts is similar smaller, can only carry out macroanalysis to the process of deformation and failure on whole landslide, can not carry out careful research to landslide local deformation stress characteristic, more can not be to prevention and cure project stress, the strain characteristics deployment analysis of implanting;
(3) conventional model test Consideration is single, and is less to landslide modeling effort under the composite condition condition, is difficult to carry out under multifactor impact the research of landslide resistance to overturning after landslide causes calamity mechanism and implants prevention and cure project;
(4) loading of conventional model device needs to provide acting force with hydraulic jack, and its control system is complicated, complex operation, generally needs additional designs and makes counterforce device;
(5) tradition considers that the Landslide Model test unit of storehouse water effect generally is made as sliding mass rear portion seepage boundary to determine the head boundary condition, with reality landslide seepage field, is not inconsistent.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention just is to provide the light test unit of a kind of multi-state frame-type landslide geomechanics model, can overcome above-mentioned prior art problem, can simulate the resistance to overturning that comes down under the multi-state condition of landslide control front and back.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the light test unit of a kind of multi-state frame-type landslide geomechanics model provided by the invention, comprise frame beam test stand, rainfall simulator, reservoir level regulator and the horizontal load maintainer of dead-weight; Described frame beam test stand mainly consists of rectangular parallelepiped framework, front panel, rear panel and base plate; Described rainfall simulator is arranged at frame beam test stand top, comprises some groups of jet pipes and the shower nozzle that is arranged on jet pipe, is used for simulated rainfall in frame beam test stand; Described reservoir level regulator comprises left side tank and the right side tank that is arranged at respectively frame beam test stand arranged on left and right sides, be respectively equipped with some plumbing hole on the right panel of described left side tank and the left panel of right side tank, be used for by changing the water level simulated reservoir fluctuation of water table in left side tank and right side tank; The horizontal load maintainer of described dead-weight is arranged at the top of right side tank, is used for the carrying weight, and the Landslide Model in frame beam test stand applies horizontal loading.
In technique scheme, the horizontal load maintainer of described dead-weight comprises carrying platform and by the chute of they sup-port in right side tank top, chute is to frame beam test gantry tilt, vergence direction is consistent with the sliding band of Landslide Model trailing edge direction, and the bottom surface of described carrying platform coordinates with chute, can be free to slide along chute.
Further, be fixed with anti-skid on described carrying platform, anti-skid setting of bearing of trend along the carrying platform bottom surface and end are hook-shaped, are used for hooking chute spacing with the slip to carrying platform.
In technique scheme, described front panel is the toughened glass panel that is fixed on metal edge frame, and front panel one side is connected with the rectangular parallelepiped framework by fixed hinge.
In technique scheme, described rear panel is provided with bracing boom, for increasing the rigidity of frame beam test stand.
In technique scheme, described floor below is provided with some rollers.
In technique scheme, described jet pipe is pvc pipe.
In technique scheme, the plumbing hole on described left side tank and right side tank is provided with respectively many rows at the differing heights place.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) test unit scale of the present invention is moderate, both overcome long, the shortcoming such as intensity is large, expense is high of large scale geologic model test cycle, also avoided small-sized Landslide Model size effect obviously, be subjected to Boundary Condition Effect large, can't consider the problem that prevention and cure project is implanted;
(2) this test unit complete geomechanics model research that both can realize coming down, can controllably load the research that realizes the incomplete geomechanics model in landslide by the horizontal load maintainer of dead-weight again, greatly reduce the making intensity of complete geomechanics model, the dead-weight load mode is simple, loading procedure is stable than equipment such as hydraulic jack, need not additional designs and makes counterforce device;
(3) this test unit has been realized hydrodynamic coupling by rainfall simulator, reservoir level regulator, make this model test apparatus realized landslide engineering administer before and after simulation under natural working condition, under different rainfall intensity operating mode, reservoir level lifting operating mode and reservoir level and rainfall operating mode combination condition;
(4) the reservoir level regulator of this test unit both can be simulated and determine head, can, by the water level in the left and right tank of the automatic adjusting of external water gauge to realize the simulation of dynamic water level, meet the actual seepage field in landslide again;
(5) setting of open type front panel,, for making and the dismounting of Landslide Model provides favourable operating space, adopt the high-strength armoured-glass-face plate, can be in the Landslide Model side in real time, omnidistance its deformation failure feature of monitoring;
(6) high, the good stability of this test unit integral rigidity.Consider that Landslide Model is inner stressed little, frame beam test stand adopts larger complete being welded to form of steel plate member of intensity, plate is provided with high strength square steel and reinforces as bracing boom in the back, guarantee that it has enough lateral rigidities and resistance to overturning preferably, overcome most of test-beds and caused not the excessive defect of distortion because of rigidity;
(7) this test unit simple structure, light, the setting of bottom roller, be convenient to mobile and transportation, even can get undisturbed soil at the scene, landslide and test, and more guaranteed the natural character of landslide Rock And Soil, and more approaches engineering is actual to make test findings;
(8) this test unit durability is good, reusable.Because this bulking block intensity is high, rigidity is large, the possibility that the accidental appearance of member destroys is very little,, even if breakage occurs, also is easy to repair or change; This device can be widely used in the research such as the type geomechanical model test that comprises landslide o earth slope, rock matter landslide, has a extensive future, and remarkable in economical benefits.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the perspective view of one embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the front view of Fig. 1 device.
Fig. 3 is the left view of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the longitudinal diagram of Fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is the vertical view of Fig. 2.
In figure: 1-jet pipe, 2-shower nozzle, 3-clamping rings, 4-left side tank, 5-right side tank, 6-plumbing hole, 7-support bar, 8-carrying platform, 9-chute, 10-anti-skid, 11-front panel, 12-fixed hinge, 13-base plate, 14-roller, 15-rear panel, 16-bracing boom.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, specific embodiments of the invention are described in further detail.
As shown in Figures 1 to 5, the light test unit of a kind of multi-state frame-type landslide geomechanics model of the present invention, comprise frame beam test stand, rainfall simulator, reservoir level regulator and the horizontal load maintainer of dead-weight.
Frame beam test stand mainly consists of rectangular parallelepiped framework, front panel 11, rear panel 15 and base plate 13.Wherein, front panel 11 is for being fixed on the toughened glass panel on metal edge frame, front panel 11 1 sides are connected with the rectangular parallelepiped framework by fixed hinge 12, formed the bascule of open type, can fix with structures such as mortise locks when closed, like this, when preparing Landslide Model, can open wide front panel 11, work space is provided, closes in process of the test and lock front panel 11, if relate to the simulation of reservoir level and rainfall operating mode, between rectangular parallelepiped framework and front panel 11, sealing adhesive tape 19 is set, carries out water-proofing treatment; Rear panel 15 is provided with two bracing booms 16, can increase the rigidity of frame beam test stand, prevents that the flexing of generation vertical direction when frame beam test stand is subjected to the Landslide Model extruding is out of shape, and makes frame beam test stand can give full play to its bearing capacity; Implementation and transportation for convenience of whole test unit, be provided with six rollers 14 in floor below.
Rainfall simulator is arranged at above-mentioned frame beam test stand top, comprise two groups of jet pipes 1 and the shower nozzle 2 that is arranged on jet pipe 1, jet pipe 1 in the present embodiment adopts firm, corrosion resistant pvc pipe, jet pipe 1 is fixed on the top of frame beam test stand by clamping rings 3, jet pipe 1 is connected with the Minitype electromagnetic valve of external control tap water.In frame beam test stand during the simulated rainfall operating mode, uninterrupted that can be by adjusting jet pipe 1 and the different rainfall intensities of unlatching Population number dynamic imitation of shower nozzle 2, realize the Whole Process Control of rainfall duration by the switch of electromagnetic valve for adjusting or shower nozzle.
The reservoir level regulator comprises left side tank 4 and the right side tank 5 that is arranged at respectively frame beam test stand arranged on left and right sides.Be provided with respectively many rows plumbing holes 6 on the left panel of the left side right panel of tank 4 and right side tank 5 at the differing heights place, height of water level that can be according to actual needs, adjusts position, required hole, realizes that Landslide Model inside seepage field condition conforms to real conditions.Adopt from the traditional experiment device that determine the method that head simulates different, this reservoir level regulator both can be simulated and determine head, again can by external water gauge automatically the water level in adjusting left and right tank 4,5 to realize the simulation of dynamic water level.
The horizontal load maintainer of dead-weight comprises carrying platform 8 and is supported in the chute 9 of right side tank 5 tops by support bar 7, and chute 9 is to frame beam test gantry tilt, and vergence direction is consistent with the sliding band of Landslide Model trailing edge direction.The bottom surface of carrying platform 8 coordinates with chute 9, can be free to slide along chute 9; The end face of carrying platform 8 is surface level or concavity, be used for the object of carrying after demarcating weight, make it to glide along chute 9 with carrying platform 8 under the deadweight condition, act on Landslide Model by carrying platform 10 front panels, and more than cover preloading gravity provide corresponding horizontal loading along the component of chute 9 horizontal directions; Also be bolted anti-skid 10 on carrying platform 8, anti-skid 10 bearing of trend setting along carrying platform 8 bottom surfaces and end are hook-shaped, are used for hooking chute 9 spacing with the slip to carrying platform 8.Can be free to slide the termination of sliding while reaching ultimate range during less than the ultimate range set when the sliding distance of carrying platform 8.
The roughly process that application the present invention tests is:
One, Landslide Model design
1, for Research Requirements, determine similar proportion,, according to the principle of similitude, draft the landslide scale model after generalization;
2, take the analog material test findings as standard, bed, sliding band, gliding mass analog material are slided in preparation respectively, and make the friction pile model.Open front panel 11, according to the landslide scale model spatial shape of drafting, adopt the analog material that preparation is even, water percentage is constant to make Landslide Model.Establish some displacement measuring points on the Landslide Model surface, in gliding mass, sliding band inside, bury soil pressure cell, distributed fiber grating underground.Arrange foil gauge at the friction pile model surface, establish the stake place at Landslide Model and bury friction pile underground;
3, shut front panel 11, adopt the sealing adhesive tape to do airtight waterproof and process, and with mortise lock, fix;
Two, the simulation of different working conditions
4, open the reservoir level regulator, the height of water level in servocontrol left side tank 4, right side tank 5, meet reservoir level change simulation requirement;
5, opens solenoid valve, for rainfall simulator supplies water, the number of gauge tap shower nozzle 2, realize the control of different rainfall intensities;
6, calculate the required thrust size that applies of Landslide Model trailing edge, and by place quantitative weight on carrying platform 8, carrying platform 8 is moved along chute 9, meet the thrust size.Carrying platform 8 is with after Landslide Model contacts, and applied thrust, promote Landslide Model and move together;
Three, data acquisition
7, the slope epi-position of plate 11 and left side tank 4 place's placing three-dimensional laser scannings mensuration Landslide Models is moved in front.Gather soil pressure, the inner absolute displacement of gliding mass and friction pile pile strain by data acquisition device;
Four, data are processed
8, arrangement, analytical test data.
Certainly, the each several part of above-mentioned " simulations of different working conditions " can carry out separately or carry out simultaneously.
Core of the present invention is ingenious combination and the architecture advances of frame beam test stand, rainfall simulator, reservoir level regulator and the horizontal load maintainer of dead-weight; make that whole test unit scale is moderate, the research that is applicable to incomplete model, be suitable for the multi-state condition, control system is simple, the seepage field boundary condition is accurate, so its protection domain is not limited to above-described embodiment.Obviously, those skilled in the art can carry out various changes and distortion and not depart from the scope of the present invention and spirit the present invention, for example: the horizontal load maintainer of dead-weight is not limited to the combination of above-mentioned carrying platform 8 and chute 9, as long as can load required thrust in Landslide Model; It is described that the structure of front panel 11 and pin joint position also are not limited to embodiment, and it is transparent is convenient to observe and measure and can open and close the making of being convenient to Landslide Model and can realizes technical solution of the present invention; The material of the number of roller, jet pipe 1 also can adopt usual manner etc.If these changes and distortion belong in the scope of the claims in the present invention and equivalent technologies thereof, the present invention also is intended to comprise these changes and is out of shape interior.
Claims (7)
1. the light test unit of multi-state frame-type landslide geomechanics model, it is characterized in that: it comprises frame beam test stand, rainfall simulator, reservoir level regulator and the horizontal load maintainer of dead-weight; Described frame beam test stand mainly consists of rectangular parallelepiped framework, front panel (11), rear panel (15) and base plate (13); Described rainfall simulator is arranged at frame beam test stand top, comprises some groups of jet pipes (1) and is arranged at shower nozzle (2) on jet pipe (1), is used for simulated rainfall in frame beam test stand; Described reservoir level regulator comprises left side tank (4) and the right side tank (5) that is arranged at respectively frame beam test stand arranged on left and right sides, be respectively equipped with some plumbing hole (6) on the left panel of the right panel of described left side tank (4) and right side tank (5), be used for by changing the water level simulated reservoir fluctuation of water table in left side tank (4) and right side tank (5); The horizontal load maintainer of described dead-weight is arranged at the top of right side tank (5), be used for the carrying weight, Landslide Model in frame beam test stand applies horizontal loading, the horizontal load maintainer of dead-weight comprises carrying platform (8) and is supported in the chute (9) of right side tank (5) top by support bar (7), chute (9) is to frame beam test gantry tilt, vergence direction is consistent with the sliding band of Landslide Model trailing edge direction, and the bottom surface of described carrying platform (8) coordinates with chute (9), can be free to slide along chute (9).
2. the light test unit of multi-state frame-type according to claim 1 landslide geomechanics model, it is characterized in that: be fixed with on described carrying platform (8) anti-skid (10), anti-skid (10) are hook-shaped along bearing of trend setting and the end of carrying platform (8) bottom surface, are used for hooking chute (9) spacing with the slip to carrying platform (8).
3. the light test unit of multi-state frame-type according to claim 1 and 2 landslide geomechanics model, it is characterized in that: described front panel (11) is for being fixed on the toughened glass panel on metal edge frame, and front panel (11) one sides are connected with the rectangular parallelepiped framework by fixed hinge (12).
4. the light test unit of multi-state frame-type according to claim 1 and 2 landslide geomechanics model, it is characterized in that: described rear panel (15) is provided with bracing boom (16), for increasing the rigidity of frame beam test stand.
5. the light test unit of multi-state frame-type landslide geomechanics model according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: be provided with some rollers (14) below described base plate (13).
6. the light test unit of multi-state frame-type according to claim 1 and 2 landslide geomechanics model, it is characterized in that: described jet pipe (1) is pvc pipe.
7. the light test unit of multi-state frame-type landslide geomechanics model according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: row more than the plumbing hole (6) on described left side tank (4) and right side tank (5) is provided with at the differing heights place respectively.
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| CN118150809A (en) * | 2024-05-09 | 2024-06-07 | 江西省煤田地质勘察研究院 | Landslide geological disaster physical simulation test device and method |
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| CN1312362C (en) * | 2004-05-28 | 2007-04-25 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | Analogic testing device for water induced landslide and method for monitoring shift of land top surface |
| CN201015073Y (en) * | 2006-12-01 | 2008-01-30 | 三峡大学 | Large landslide physical model experiment system considering rainwater effect |
| CN201060186Y (en) * | 2007-07-03 | 2008-05-14 | 浙江大学 | Foundation and slope engineering model testing platform |
| KR100878139B1 (en) * | 2008-07-10 | 2009-01-14 | 이동혁 | Landslide simulation tester |
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| CN201763326U (en) * | 2010-09-07 | 2011-03-16 | 西安科技大学 | Multi-medium coupling device for stratum simulated experiment |
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