CN106769404A - A kind of Geotechnical Engineering multifunction test system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a multifunctional test system for geotechnical engineering, which includes a test tank, a horizontal loading system and a vertical loading system; wherein, the vertical loading system is installed above the test tank; the horizontal loading system is installed on the in the test tank. The beneficial effects of the present invention are: the multifunctional test system for geotechnical engineering can enclose multiple test spaces, the adjustable range of the vertical space is relatively large, the application field of the multifunctional test system for geotechnical engineering is broadened, and it can simultaneously conduct Multiple test items.

Description

A multifunctional test system for geotechnical engineering

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of test research systems in the field of geotechnical engineering, in particular to a multifunctional test system for geotechnical engineering.

Background technique

The geotechnical engineering multifunctional test system is a test research device used in geotechnical engineering, underground engineering, mining engineering and other fields, and is an infrastructure and equipment system for test research.

Rock and soil mass is a product of nature, and its formation process, material composition and engineering characteristics are extremely complex, and become more complex with different stress states, stress histories, loading rates and drainage conditions. Therefore, before carrying out the design and construction of various engineering projects, it is necessary to conduct geotechnical tests and in-situ tests on the rock and soil of the site where the project is located, in order to fully understand and master the physical and mechanical properties of the rock and soil, so as to provide a solid foundation for the site rock and soil. The correct evaluation of engineering conditions provides the necessary basis. Geotechnical test is the preliminary work of geotechnical engineering planning and design, and it is also an indispensable central link in foundation and foundation design work. All engineering construction projects, including the construction of buildings, underground works, highways, railways, tunnels, etc., are closely related to the rock and soil on which they depend, and to a large extent depend on whether the rock and soil can provide enough The bearing capacity of the engineering structure depends on the fact that the engineering structure will not suffer from foundation settlement and differential deformation that exceed the allowable, and the parameters in the calculation of the foundation bearing capacity and foundation deformation are mainly determined by the geotechnical test. Therefore, the geotechnical test is very important for various projects. Project construction is indispensable.

The geotechnical engineering multifunctional test system is an important means to study large-scale geotechnical engineering problems. It has been widely used at home and abroad, and has played an important role in engineering research, design and demonstration. Internationally, developed countries such as the United States, Britain, Germany, Italy, Japan, Norway and other developed countries have successively carried out experimental research work on multifunctional test systems for geotechnical engineering, aiming at pile-soil interaction, acceptance mechanism of various piles, pile group effect, For engineering problems such as the stability of the surrounding rock of the roof of the large mine, the stability of the rock mass of the dam body and the dam foundation, the stability and support of the surrounding rock of the large cavern, etc., fruitful research work has been carried out, and corresponding test equipment has been developed; Institute of Foundation Research of Academy of Sciences, Wuhan Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, General Staff Engineering Research Institute, Tsinghua University, Beijing University of Science and Technology, Hohai University, Shijiazhuang Railway Institute, Beijing Institute of Architecture and Engineering, Tongji University, Shandong University and other units have successively carried out Based on the research work in this area, a multifunctional test system of various scales has been developed.

The characteristics of various types of multifunctional test systems are summarized as follows:

1) The test system is mainly composed of a model tank and a loading system.

2) Model slot structure

①Large and medium-sized model tanks generally adopt reinforced concrete structures and solid steel structures; small-scale tanks generally adopt simple test pits and glass-reinforced steel frame structures.

② The model tank generally adopts two forms of ground and underground embedding.

③ The large and medium model tanks placed on the ground adopt large reinforced concrete structures or pure steel structures, but the requirements for structural rigidity and strength are relatively high, and it is not conducive to geotechnical test operations.

④ The space size of the model tanks of various scales is different, the plane size is between 1.0m and 5.0m, and the effective height is between 0.4m and 4.4m.

⑤ There are two types of plane dimensions of the model tank: rectangular and square, which enclose a two-dimensional space (such as: 1.4m×3m) or a three-dimensional space (such as: 1.6m×1.3m; 4.0m×5.0m, etc.)

⑥ Most of the model slots are single model slots with fixed dimensions.

⑦Individual large model slots can be divided into 2 space slots by installing fixed partitions.

⑧The box-type bench device developed by Zhang Qiangyong of Shandong University and others can be adjusted in size, and the bench is all assembled by cast steel box-type components. However, it is expensive, and the adjustment of the size of the test space requires the reassembly of the bench.

3) Loading system

① The loading system consists of a reaction force frame and a data acquisition system.

②The reaction frame has two forms: planar reaction frame and spatial structure reaction frame. The planar reaction frame is composed of two columns and a beam. The large space reaction frame is composed of four columns, main beam and secondary beam.

③The reaction force frame is generally welded by solid I-beam or steel plate, and most of them are fixed reaction force frames, and the beams cannot be adjusted.

④ Some large reaction frame columns have bolt holes arranged in a certain height range, but the adjustable range is small.

⑤ In order to meet different loading space requirements, some large-scale test tanks are equipped with two reaction frames of different heights, and the structure is complex.

⑥In addition to the large-scale testing machine with automatic control, the load application is mainly vertical loading, and the main way of applying force is single-point force application by oil cylinder, and simultaneous force application at two points cannot be realized.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the defects in the prior art that the test tank space of the geotechnical engineering multifunctional test system is not adjustable, the adjustable range of the vertical space is small, and multiple test items cannot be carried out at the same time, the present invention provides a geotechnical engineering multifunctional test system. The engineering multifunctional test system can enclose multiple test spaces, and the vertical space can be adjusted in a large range, broadening the application field of the geotechnical engineering multifunctional test system, and can carry out multiple test items at the same time.

To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

A multifunctional test system for geotechnical engineering, including a test tank, a horizontal loading system and a vertical loading system; wherein,

The horizontal loading system is installed in the test tank;

The vertical loading system is installed above the test tank.

Preferably, the geotechnical engineering multi-functional test system further includes at least one vertical partition plate that can be installed in the test tank.

Preferably, the test tank is a rectangular tank, which includes two long side walls and two short side walls; wherein, the two short side walls are respectively the first short side wall and the second short side wall;

On the two long side walls of the test tank, one end close to the first short side wall is symmetrically provided with a plurality of vertical channel steels for installing vertical partition plates.

Preferably, two steel rails are symmetrically provided at the top of the two long side walls of the test tank near the end of the second short side wall.

Preferably, concealed columns are arranged on the second short side wall.

Preferably, the top of the test tank is symmetrically provided with two longitudinal T-shaped slide slots along the two long side walls.

Preferably, the horizontal loading system includes a reaction force plate, a first oil cylinder and a rigid push plate; wherein,

The reaction force plate is fixed on the dark column;

One end of the first oil cylinder is connected to the reaction force plate, and the other end is connected to the rigid push plate; two ends of the rigid push plate are provided with rollers at positions corresponding to the rails.

Preferably, the vertical loading system includes a reaction force frame and a second oil cylinder arranged below the reaction force frame; wherein,

The bottom of the reaction force frame can be placed in the longitudinal T-shaped chute, so that the vertical loading system can move along the longitudinal T-shaped chute.

Preferably, the reaction force frame includes a beam and a column, and the column is connected to both ends of the beam by bolts.

Preferably, a plurality of bolt holes are provided on the inner side of the column and both ends of the beam.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

Test tank:

① The test tank can be enclosed into multiple test spaces. Different test spaces are designed according to the test requirements, and multiple sets of functional schemes can be formed.

②According to different experimental research objectives, the two-dimensional and three-dimensional experimental spaces required for the experiment are formed through different combinations.

③Realize the test space adjustability of the test tank, provide flexible operation space for various scales and forms of test research, and broaden the application field of the geotechnical engineering multifunctional test system.

④ The vertical space can be adjusted in a large range.

Vertical loading system:

①The vertical loading system can move along the longitudinal T-shaped chute designed on the top of the long side wall of the test tank, and can also be fixed at any position.

②The upper beam of the vertical loading system can be adjusted vertically to any position along the column to realize the adjustment of the vertical test space.

③Vertical loading system can realize single-point application and double-point simultaneous application of force.

Horizontal loading system:

① The first oil cylinder can move up and down along the reaction force plate and the rigid push plate, and can provide horizontal thrust or retract the first oil cylinder at any position according to different test requirements.

②It can realize horizontal loading and unloading at the same time.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 to Fig. 2 are the structural representations of the geotechnical engineering multifunctional test system of the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the structural diagram (roller not shown) of the rigid push plate of the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the schematic structural diagram of the longitudinal section of the geotechnical engineering multifunctional test system of the embodiment of the present invention (the crossbeam is affixed to the top of the column);

Fig. 5 is the schematic structural diagram of the longitudinal section of the geotechnical engineering multifunctional test system of the embodiment of the present invention (the beam is fixedly connected to the bottom of the column);

6 is a schematic structural view of a vertical partition plate according to an embodiment of the present invention;

7 to 12 are schematic structural diagrams of the top views of the test tank, vertical partition plate and rigid push plate of various test combination schemes of the embodiment of the present invention (the rails are not shown).

In the figure,

1-Test trough; 11-Longitudinal T-shaped chute; 12-First short side wall; 13-Second short side wall; 131-Concealed column; 14-Vertical channel steel; 15-Rail; 16-Long side wall ;2-horizontal loading system; 21-reaction plate; 211-the first vertical T-shaped chute; 22-the first oil cylinder; 23-rigid push plate; 231-the second vertical T-shaped chute; 232-hanging Hook; 233-roller; 3-vertical loading system; 31-beam; 32-column; 321-bolt hole; 33-second cylinder; 4-vertical partition; 41-baffle; 411-lattice Type steel frame; 412-the first enclosure; 4121-permeable hole; 413-the second enclosure.

detailed description

The structure of the present invention will be explained in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figures 1 to 3, a geotechnical engineering multifunctional test system provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes a test tank 1, a vertical loading system 3, a horizontal loading system 2, a plurality of vertical partition plates 4 and Automatic loading control system; wherein, the vertical loading system 3 is installed above the test tank 1; the horizontal loading system 2 and the vertical partition plate 4 are installed in the test tank 1. The automatic loading control system is connected with the horizontal loading system 2 and the vertical loading system 3 through wires.

In the multifunctional geotechnical engineering test system provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the test tank 1 is a reinforced concrete structure tank placed below the ground. The test tank 1 is a rectangular tank, which includes two long side walls 16 and two short side walls; wherein, the two short side walls are the first short side wall 12 and the second short side wall 13 respectively. On the two long side walls 16 of the test tank 1, one end close to the first short side wall 12 is symmetrically pre-embedded with a plurality of vertical channel steels 14 for installing the vertical partition plate 4, so The vertical channel steel 14 forms a draw-in groove for installing the vertical partition plate 4 . Two longitudinal T-shaped slide slots 11 are embedded symmetrically along the two long side walls 16 at the top of the test tank 1 .

Two steel rails 15 are pre-embedded symmetrically at the top of the two long side walls 16 of the test tank 1 near the end of the second short side wall 13 . Concealed columns 131 are arranged on the groove wall of the second short side wall 13 as the reaction wall of the horizontal loading system 2 .

In the multifunctional geotechnical engineering test system provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the horizontal loading system 2 includes a reaction force plate 21 fixed on the reaction force wall, a first oil cylinder 22 and a rigid push plate 23;

A first vertical T-shaped chute 211 is provided on the reaction force plate 21, and a second vertical T-shaped chute is provided on the position corresponding to the first vertical T-shaped chute 211 on the rigid push plate 23. Chute 231. One end of the first oil cylinder 22 is placed in the first vertical T-shaped chute 211, and the other end is placed in the second vertical T-shaped chute 231, so that the first oil cylinder 22 can move along the The first vertical T-shaped chute 211 and the second vertical T-shaped chute 231 move up and down. During the test, the first oil cylinder 22 can be provided with horizontal thrust or retracted at any position according to different test requirements. The position of the force point is calculated according to the height of the soil in the test tank 1, and the best position of the force point can be obtained.

In the multifunctional geotechnical engineering test system provided by the embodiment of the present invention, a hook 232 is provided on the top of the rigid push plate 23 . Rollers 233 are provided at two ends of the rigid push plate 23 corresponding to the steel rail 15 , so that the rigid push plate 23 can move along the steel rail 15 of the test tank 1 . The rigid push plate 23 is provided with a fixing clip, which can fix the rigid push plate 23 at any position.

In the multifunctional geotechnical engineering test system provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the horizontal loading system 2 can realize horizontal loading and unloading at the same time: horizontal loading is used for simulating soil squeezing effect test, and horizontal unloading is used for simulating landslide effect test.

In the multifunctional geotechnical engineering test system provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the vertical loading system 3 includes a reaction force frame and a second oil cylinder 33 arranged below the reaction force frame; wherein, the bottom of the reaction force frame It can be placed in the longitudinal T-shaped chute 11 so that the vertical loading system 3 can move along the longitudinal T-shaped chute 11 and can be fixed at any position. The reaction force frame includes a beam 31 and a column 32, and the column 32 is connected to two ends of the beam 31 by bolts. A plurality of bolt holes 321 are provided on the inner side of the column 32 and both ends of the beam 31 . The column 32 is designed to arrange bolt holes 321 at certain intervals. By installing the beams 31 in different bolt holes 321, the beams 31 can be vertically adjusted to any position along the columns 32, and the vertical space can be realized. Adjustment.

In the multifunctional geotechnical engineering test system provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the vertical loading system 3 and the horizontal loading system 2 can respectively realize single-point application and dual-point simultaneous application of force. Automatic loading control system can be realized.

In the multifunctional geotechnical engineering test system provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the test space adjustability of the test tank 1 is manifested in that the vertical test space and the horizontal test space can be adjusted simultaneously. By arranging the vertical partition plates 4 at different positions, different horizontal test spaces can be enclosed; by adjusting the position of the beam 31 of the reaction force frame, different vertical test spaces can be formed.

As shown in Fig. 4 to Fig. 5, in the geotechnical engineering multifunctional test system provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the vertical space adjustable range of the test tank 1 is large:

Vertical test space = height dimension of test tank 1 + height of reaction force frame - height of second oil cylinder 33 .

The vertical test space range of the test tank 1 is 1.35m-2.6m. It provides a flexible operating space for the realization of various scales of geotechnical engineering test research. The small test space is used for ordinary rock and soil test research, the medium-height space is used for underground engineering and composite foundation test research, and the large-height test space is used for underground engineering construction, the impact of coal seam mining on surface buildings, and the joint foundation and superstructure. research in the field of effects.

As shown in Figure 6, in a geotechnical multifunctional test system provided by an embodiment of the present invention, each vertical partition 4 includes four baffles 41; wherein,

The baffle plate 41 includes a lattice-type steel frame 411 and a first enclosure plate 412 , and the first enclosure plate 412 is fixedly connected to one side of the lattice-type steel frame 411 . The lower part of the first enclosure 412 is provided with a plurality of permeable holes 4121; a second enclosure 413 is installed on the outside of the first enclosure 412 corresponding to the permeable holes 4121, and the first enclosure 412 The enclosure plate 412 is connected to the second enclosure plate 413 by bolts. Both the first enclosure plate 412 and the second enclosure plate 413 are organic glass plates. When carrying out tests that do not require drainage, the second enclosure plate 413 can be installed outside the first enclosure panel 412; It can be disassembled and the water can be discharged from the permeable hole 4121 . It is very easy to install and disassemble the closed second enclosure 413.

In the multifunctional geotechnical engineering test system provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the automatic loading control system is a four-channel automatic loading control system, and the four-channel automatic loading control system communicates with the first oil cylinder 22 and the second oil cylinder 22 through wires. Oil cylinder 33 is connected. In this embodiment, both the first oil cylinder 22 and the second oil cylinder 33 are two, so preferably the automatic loading control system is a four-channel automatic loading control system for vertical and horizontal loading control, which can Independent control outputs four channels of the same or different pressure to control two first cylinders 22 and two second cylinders 33 respectively, and the rigidity of the push plate 23 is large enough to ensure uniform application of horizontal force.

As shown in Fig. 7 to Fig. 12, a kind of geotechnical engineering multifunctional test system provided by the embodiment of the present invention, the test tank 1 can be enclosed into a plurality of test spaces, and different test spaces can be designed according to the test requirements, and 6 test spaces can be formed. Group functional scheme.

Since multiple test spaces are formed in one test tank 1, the efficient utilization of the geotechnical engineering multifunctional test system can be realized, and 2-3 test items can be carried out at the same time, which greatly saves the period of geotechnical engineering test items.

According to different experimental research objectives, the two-dimensional and three-dimensional experimental spaces required for the experiment are formed through different combinations. The two-dimensional test space refers to the plane size of the test space: length/width ≥ 2, and the three-dimensional test space refers to the plane size of the test space: length/width <2. In the 6 groups of functional schemes as shown in Figure 7 to Figure 12, groove a and groove h form a two-dimensional test space, and grooves b-g form a three-dimensional test space (in Figure 7 to Figure 12, a, b, c, d, e, f , g, h represent slot a, slot b, slot c, slot d, slot e, slot f, slot g, slot h).

The multifunctional geotechnical engineering test system provided by the embodiment of the present invention can realize the test space adjustability of the test tank 1, provide flexible operation space for test research of various scales, and broaden the application of the test system field.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and simple improvements made on the essence of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a geotechnical engineering multifunctional test system, is characterized in that, comprises test tank (1), horizontal loading system (2) and vertical loading system (3); Wherein, The horizontal loading system (2) is installed in the test tank (1); The vertical loading system (3) is installed above the test tank (1). 2. The geotechnical engineering multifunctional test system according to claim 1, characterized in that, the geotechnical engineering multifunctional test system also includes at least one vertical partition that can be installed in the test tank (1) plate (4). 3. geotechnical engineering multifunctional test system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described test groove (1) is a rectangular groove, and it comprises two long side walls (16) and two short side walls; Wherein , The two short side walls are respectively a first short side wall (12) and a second short side wall (13); On the two long side walls (16) of the test tank (1) close to one end of the first short side wall (12), a plurality of vertical partitions (4) are symmetrically arranged. Vertical channel steel (14). 4. geotechnical engineering multifunctional test system according to claim 3, is characterized in that, two long side walls (16) groove wall tops of described test tank (1) are near the second short side wall ( One end of 13) is symmetrically provided with two steel rails (15). 5. The multifunctional geotechnical engineering test system according to claim 4, characterized in that, the second short side wall (13) is provided with concealed columns (131). 6. The geotechnical engineering multifunctional test system according to claim 3, characterized in that, the top of the test tank (1) is symmetrically provided with two longitudinal T-shaped chutes along the two long side walls (16) (11). 7. The geotechnical engineering multifunctional test system according to claim 5, characterized in that, the horizontal loading system (2) comprises a reaction force plate (21), a first oil cylinder (22) and a rigid push plate (23) ;in, The reaction force plate (21) is fixed on the dark column (131); One end of the first oil cylinder (22) is connected with the reaction force plate (21), and the other end is connected with the rigid push pedal (23); the two ends of the rigid push pedal (23) are connected with the rail ( 15) A roller (233) is provided at the corresponding position. 8. The geotechnical engineering multifunctional test system according to claim 6, characterized in that, the vertical loading system (3) comprises a reaction force frame and a second oil cylinder (33) arranged below the reaction force frame ;in, The bottom of the reaction force frame can be placed in the longitudinal T-shaped chute (11), so that the vertical loading system (3) can move along the longitudinal T-shaped chute (11). 9. The geotechnical engineering multifunctional test system according to claim 8, wherein the reaction force frame comprises a beam (31) and a column (32), and the column (32) is connected to the beam by bolts (31) END. 10. The multifunctional geotechnical engineering test system according to claim 9, characterized in that a plurality of bolt holes (321) are provided on the inner side of the column (32) and both ends of the beam (31).