CN203066126U - Test device for simulating vertical tension-compression load effect on pile foundations - Google Patents
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Abstract
本实用新型涉及一种模拟桩基础受竖向拉压荷载作用的试验装置,包括模拟箱、桩基础模型、加载杠杆组件、加载横梁组件、水平滑槽和竖向导轨,所述的水平滑槽设在模拟箱两侧,所述的竖向导轨设在模拟箱的侧壁上,所述的加载横梁组件可滑动地与水平滑槽连接,所述的加载杠杆组件与加载横梁组件连接,所述的桩基础模型与加载杠杆组件连接,并设置在模拟箱内。与现有技术相比,本实用新型具有适用范围广、模拟精度高、加载方式简单等优点。
The utility model relates to a test device for simulating a pile foundation subjected to vertical tension and compression loads, comprising a simulation box, a pile foundation model, a loading lever assembly, a loading beam assembly, a horizontal chute and a vertical guide rail, the horizontal chute Located on both sides of the simulation box, the vertical guide rails are arranged on the side walls of the simulation box, the loading beam assembly is slidably connected to the horizontal chute, the loading lever assembly is connected to the loading beam assembly, the The pile foundation model described above is connected with the loading lever assembly and set in the simulation box. Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of wide application range, high simulation precision, simple loading method and the like.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型涉及一种模型试验加载装置,尤其是涉及一种模拟桩基础受竖向拉压荷载作用的试验装置。The utility model relates to a model test loading device, in particular to a test device for simulating pile foundations subjected to vertical tension and compression loads.
背景技术Background technique
随着我国经济的快速发展和城市化进程的加快,土地资源日益紧张。工程建设项目正朝着空中、地下以及海洋发展。复杂而庞大的上部结构需要基础提供更大的支撑,传统的浅基础已无法满足需求。桩基础,作为一种较为古老的基础形式近年来得到快速发展和广泛应用。With the rapid development of my country's economy and the acceleration of urbanization, land resources are becoming increasingly tense. Engineering and construction projects are being developed in the air, underground and at sea. The complex and huge superstructure needs greater support from the foundation, and the traditional shallow foundation can no longer meet the demand. Pile foundation, as an ancient foundation form, has been developed rapidly and widely used in recent years.
传统的桩基础通常起着承载着上部的压力的作用,国内外对其抗压承载力问题进行了大量的理论和试验研究,目前这方面研究仍在继续。而近年来随着地下空间以及海洋工程的开发,由于地下水位较高,地下建筑物和构筑物往往会承受较大的浮力,大规模的地下建筑的抗浮问题已成为工程界的焦点问题。在大规模工程建设中,抗拔桩得到广泛应用,而其实际效果和经济效益也受到了工程技术人员越来越高的重视。然而,关于抗拔桩的研究,理论却远远落后于实践。多年的工程实践经验表明,现有的抗拔桩理论存在一定的局限性。所以关于抗拔桩承载力的研究需要进一步深化和改进。The traditional pile foundation usually plays the role of bearing the pressure of the upper part. A lot of theoretical and experimental researches on its compressive bearing capacity have been carried out at home and abroad, and the research in this area is still going on. In recent years, with the development of underground space and marine engineering, due to the high groundwater level, underground buildings and structures often bear greater buoyancy. The problem of anti-floating of large-scale underground buildings has become the focus of engineering circles. In large-scale engineering construction, uplift piles have been widely used, and their practical effects and economic benefits have been paid more and more attention by engineers and technicians. However, the theory is far behind the practice in the research on the uplift pile. Years of engineering practice experience shows that the existing theory of uplift piles has certain limitations. Therefore, the research on the bearing capacity of uplift piles needs to be further deepened and improved.
由于桩体与土体接触的复杂性,所以目前工程实际中桩身承载力的确定往往依靠现场试桩。而理论研究,需作较多假设,所以非常需要结合室内模型试验来推导和验证理论研究的正确性。在室内模型试验中,关键技术在于如何对模型桩进行简捷有效地加载。目前,竖向压荷载通常通过堆载或千斤顶施加,而拉力往往需要借助较为复杂的反力装置。Due to the complexity of the contact between the pile body and the soil, the determination of the bearing capacity of the pile body in current engineering practice often relies on field test piles. Theoretical research requires more assumptions, so it is very necessary to combine indoor model tests to derive and verify the correctness of theoretical research. In the indoor model test, the key technology is how to load the model piles simply and effectively. At present, vertical compressive loads are usually applied by heap loads or jacks, while tension often requires the use of more complex reaction devices.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本实用新型的目的就是为了克服上述现有技术存在的缺陷而提供一种适用范围广、模拟精度高、加载方式简单的模拟桩基础受竖向拉压荷载作用的试验装置。The purpose of this utility model is to provide a test device for simulating pile foundations subjected to vertical tension and compression loads with wide application range, high simulation accuracy and simple loading method in order to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art.
本实用新型的目的可以通过以下技术方案来实现:The purpose of this utility model can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
一种模拟桩基础受竖向拉压荷载作用的试验装置,包括模拟箱、桩基础模型、加载杠杆组件、加载横梁组件、水平滑槽和竖向导轨,所述的水平滑槽设在模拟箱两侧,所述的竖向导轨设在模拟箱的侧壁上,所述的加载横梁组件可滑动地与水平滑槽连接,所述的加载杠杆组件与加载横梁组件连接,所述的桩基础模型与加载杠杆组件连接,并设置在模拟箱内。A test device for simulating pile foundations subjected to vertical tension and compression loads, including a simulation box, a pile foundation model, a loading lever assembly, a loading beam assembly, a horizontal chute and a vertical guide rail, and the horizontal chute is arranged in the simulation box On both sides, the vertical guide rails are arranged on the side walls of the simulation box, the loading beam assembly is slidably connected to the horizontal chute, the loading lever assembly is connected to the loading beam assembly, and the pile foundation The model is attached to the loading lever assembly and set inside the simulation box.
所述的模拟箱包括角钢框架、有机玻璃和加固角钢,所述的角钢框架通过有机玻璃密封成型,所述的加固角钢设置在角钢框架的中间部位。The simulation box includes an angle steel frame, plexiglass and reinforced angle steel. The angle steel frame is sealed and molded by the plexiglass, and the reinforced angle steel is arranged in the middle of the angle steel frame.
所述的加载横梁组件包括加载横梁、横梁支撑柱和滑动支座,所述的滑动支座可滑动地设在水平滑槽上,所述的横梁支撑柱与滑动支座连接,所述的加载横梁与横梁支撑柱连接。The loading crossbeam assembly includes a loading crossbeam, a crossbeam support column and a sliding support, the sliding support is slidably arranged on a horizontal chute, the crossbeam support column is connected with the sliding support, and the loading The beams are connected to the beam support columns.
所述的加载横梁为H型钢。The loading beam is H-shaped steel.
所述的横梁支撑柱上设有多个均匀分布的螺孔,所述的加载横梁通过螺栓可调整地连接在横梁支撑柱上。A plurality of uniformly distributed screw holes are provided on the beam support column, and the loading beam is adjustablely connected to the beam support column by bolts.
所述的加载杠杆组件包括加载杠杆、加载杆、固定支座、活动铰支座、固定角钢、定滑轮、角钢支架、钢绞线和砝码盘,所述的加载杠杆的支点通过固定支座可变动地与加载横梁连接,所述的加载杆的一端通过活动铰支座连接加载杠杆,另一端穿过固定角钢连接桩基础模型,所述的定滑轮通过角钢支架连接在模拟箱上,所述的钢绞线一端与加载杠杆连接,另一端通过定滑轮与砝码盘连接,并保持竖直方向。The loading lever assembly includes a loading lever, a loading rod, a fixed support, a movable hinge support, a fixed angle steel, a fixed pulley, an angle steel bracket, a steel strand and a weight plate, and the fulcrum of the loading lever passes through the fixed support It is variably connected to the loading beam, one end of the loading rod is connected to the loading lever through the movable hinge support, and the other end passes through the fixed angle steel to connect the pile foundation model, and the fixed pulley is connected to the simulation box through the angle steel bracket. One end of the steel strand is connected to the loading lever, and the other end is connected to the weight plate through a fixed pulley, and the vertical direction is maintained.
所述的加载杠杆的一端与竖向导轨连接,沿竖向导轨在竖直方向上运动。One end of the loading lever is connected with the vertical guide rail, and moves vertically along the vertical guide rail.
所述的固定角钢通过螺栓固定在模拟箱上,其上设有用于穿过加载杆的预留孔。The fixed angle steel is fixed on the simulation box by bolts, and a reserved hole for passing the loading rod is arranged on it.
所述的固定支座包括垫板和工字钢垫块,所述的垫板和工字钢垫块分别设在加载杠杆的上下两面并通过螺栓夹住加载杠杆,所述的工字钢垫块通过螺栓与加载横梁连接;The fixed support includes a backing plate and an I-shaped steel pad. The backing plate and the I-shaped steel pad are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the loading lever and clamp the loading lever through bolts. The I-shaped steel pad The block is connected with the loading beam by bolts;
所述的活动铰支座包括上垫块、下垫块和活动铰,所述的上垫块和下垫块分别设在加载杠杆的上下两面并通过螺栓夹住加载杠杆,所述的活动铰与下垫块焊接,加载杆与该活动铰连接。The movable hinge support includes an upper block, a lower block and a movable hinge. The upper block and the lower block are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the loading lever and clamp the loading lever by bolts. The movable hinge It is welded with the lower block, and the loading rod is connected with the movable hinge.
所述的活动铰支座设有两个,分别设在加载杠杆的两端,两个活动铰支座分别通过加载杆连接两个桩基础模型。There are two movable hinge supports, which are respectively arranged at the two ends of the loading lever, and the two movable hinge supports are respectively connected to the two pile foundation models through the loading rod.
与现有技术相比,本实用新型具有以下优点:Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages:
1)本实用新型适用范围广、模拟精度高,突破了现有试验装置只能利用千斤顶和复杂反力装置才能实现竖向拉、压加载的局限;1) The utility model has a wide application range and high simulation accuracy, and breaks through the limitation that the existing test device can only use jacks and complex reaction devices to realize vertical tension and pressure loading;
2)本实用新型通过改变力臂可以起到节省加载力的作用;2) The utility model can save loading force by changing the arm of force;
3)本实用新型模拟箱内桩基础模型位置也较为自由,上部加载杆位置也可以自由移动;3) The position of the pile foundation model in the simulation box of the utility model is also relatively free, and the position of the upper loading rod can also be moved freely;
4)加载方式大为简化,只需在模拟箱外部的砝码盘上放置砝码就可以达到加载。4) The loading method is greatly simplified, and the loading can be achieved only by placing weights on the weight plate outside the simulation box.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本实用新型的主视图;Fig. 1 is the front view of the utility model;
图2为本实用新型的俯视图;Fig. 2 is the top view of the utility model;
图3为本实用新型的加载杠杆局部侧视图;Fig. 3 is a partial side view of the loading lever of the present invention;
图4为本实用新型的竖向导轨局部侧视图。Fig. 4 is a partial side view of the vertical guide rail of the present invention.
图中:1、桩基础模型;2、模拟箱;3、螺栓;4、加载杆;5、活动铰支座;6、加载杠杆;7、横梁支撑柱;8、固定支座;9、竖向导轨;10、预留孔;11、定滑轮;12、固定角钢;13、钢绞线;14、角钢支架;15、砝码盘;16、滑动支座;17、加载横梁;18、角钢框架;19、加固角钢;20、有机玻璃;21、水平滑槽;22、垫板;23、工字钢垫块;24、上垫块;25、下垫块。In the figure: 1. Pile foundation model; 2. Simulation box; 3. Bolt; 4. Loading rod; 5. Movable hinge support; 6. Loading lever; guide rail; 10. reserved hole; 11. fixed pulley; 12. fixed angle steel; 13. steel strand; 14. angle steel bracket; 15. weight plate; 16. sliding support; 17. loading beam; 18. angle steel Frame; 19, reinforced angle steel; 20, plexiglass; 21, horizontal chute; 22, backing plate; 23, I-beam pad; 24, upper pad; 25, lower pad.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本实用新型进行详细说明。本实施例以本实用新型技术方案为前提进行实施,给出了详细的实施方式和具体的操作过程,但本实用新型的保护范围不限于下述的实施例。The utility model will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. This embodiment is carried out on the premise of the technical solution of the utility model, and the detailed implementation and specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the utility model is not limited to the following examples.
实施例Example
如图1~图4所示,一种模拟桩基础受竖向拉压荷载作用的试验装置,包括模拟箱2、桩基础模型1、加载杠杆组件、加载横梁组件、水平滑槽21和竖向导轨9,水平滑槽21设在模拟箱2两侧,竖向导轨9设在模拟箱2的侧壁上,加载横梁组件可滑动地与水平滑槽21连接,加载杠杆组件与加载横梁组件连接,桩基础模型1与加载杠杆组件连接,并设置在模拟箱2内。As shown in Figures 1 to 4, a test device for simulating pile foundations subjected to vertical tension and compression loads, including a
模拟箱2包括角钢框架18、有机玻璃20和加固角钢19,角钢框架18的前后左右四面通过有机玻璃20密封成型,加固角钢19设置在角钢框架18的中间部位,使用有机玻璃20可方便观察试验中土体及桩基础模型的位移情况。
加载横梁组件包括加载横梁17、横梁支撑柱7和滑动支座16,滑动支座16可滑动地设在水平滑槽21上,横梁支撑柱7通过螺栓与滑动支座16连接,加载横梁17与横梁支撑柱7连接,加载横梁17为H型钢。横梁支撑柱7上设有多个均匀分布的螺孔,加载横梁17通过螺栓与螺孔的匹配可调整地连接在横梁支撑柱7上。The loading crossbeam assembly comprises loading
加载杠杆组件包括加载杠杆6、加载杆4、固定支座8、活动铰支座5、固定角钢12、定滑轮11、角钢支架14、钢绞线13和砝码盘15,加载杠杆6的支点通过固定支座8可变动地与加载横梁17连接,加载杆4的一端通过活动铰支座5连接加载杠杆6,另一端穿过固定角钢12连接桩基础模型1,定滑轮11通过角钢支架14连接在模拟箱2上,钢绞线13一端与加载杠杆6连接,另一端通过定滑轮11与砝码盘15连接,并保持竖直方向,砝码盘15上面放置加载砝码。The loading lever assembly includes a
加载杠杆6的一端与竖向导轨9连接,沿竖向导轨9在竖直方向上运动,被竖向导轨在水平方向约束。One end of the
固定角钢12通过螺栓固定在模拟箱2上,其上设有用于穿过加载杆的预留孔10。The fixed
如图3所示,固定支座8包括垫板22和工字钢垫块23,垫板22和工字钢垫块23分别设在加载杠杆6的上下两面并通过螺栓夹住加载杠杆6,工字钢垫块23通过螺栓与加载横梁17连接;活动铰支座5包括上垫块24、下垫块25和活动铰,上垫块24和下垫块25分别设在加载杠杆6的上下两面并通过螺栓夹住加载杠杆6,活动铰与下垫块25焊接,加载杆4与该活动铰连接。由于不是焊接,所以活动铰支座可以沿杠杆自由布置。As shown in Figure 3, the fixed
活动铰支座5设有两个,分别设在加载杠杆的两端,两个活动铰支座分别通过加载杆连接两个桩基础模型1。There are two movable hinge supports 5, which are respectively located at the two ends of the loading lever, and the two movable hinge supports are respectively connected to the two
如图1~2所示,模拟箱长为1500mm,高为1000mm,宽为1000mm,由角钢框架18和有机玻璃20构成,并在模拟箱中间部位设置加固角钢19,宽度为75mm,厚度为5mm,有机玻璃20厚度为10mm,便于观测土体内部位移,加载横梁17长为1200mm,横梁支撑柱7高为600mm,,宽度为100mm,厚度为10mm,横梁支撑柱7的两侧各等距设置16个螺孔,加载横梁17与支撑柱7通过螺孔用螺栓连接,拆卸简便,以实现调整加载设备位置;加载杠杆6为槽钢制作,长度为1500mm,高度为100mm,腿宽48mm,腰厚5.3mm。加载杆4为圆形钢管,直径为20mm。固定角钢12为固定竖向加载杆水平位置,宽50mm,厚3mm。定滑轮11直径25mm,钢绞线13直径3mm,长600mm。如图3所示,活动铰支座5的上下两个垫块为铁块制作,长60mm,宽60mm,厚4mm;活动铰支座5的转轴直径3mm;如图4所示,竖向导轨9由左右对称的角钢组成,角钢宽50mm,厚3mm,竖向高度400mm。As shown in Figures 1-2, the simulation box has a length of 1500mm, a height of 1000mm, and a width of 1000mm. It is composed of an
本装置的工作过程:在模拟箱2中装填试验用土体,土体中埋置桩基础模型1,可以进行单桩、群桩、沉井基础和桩-井复合基础的半模或全模试验,调整加载横梁17位置,使加载杆4与桩基础模型1处于同一平面;调整加载杠杆6在加载横梁17上的位置,使加载杆中心对准桩基础模型中心;调整加载杠杆6在竖向导轨9上的位置,使加载杠杆的末端连接钢绞线后可以通过定滑轮,并固定;通过添加砝码控制,即可对基础实现竖向拉、压荷载,并可即时记录加载情况(荷载大小);通过测量装置可收集数据,分析桩基础模型的承载及变形特性,以及桩周土体发生的位移情况。The working process of this device: fill the test soil in the
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Cited By (11)
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CN104088307A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2014-10-08 | 张百全 | Method for detecting vertical bearing capacity of pile foundation |
CN105544624A (en) * | 2016-02-23 | 2016-05-04 | 周霜林 | Static load test device for asymmetric counter weight |
CN105862937A (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2016-08-17 | 东华理工大学 | Pressing and pulling integrated experimental indoor pile model test device |
CN106400856A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-02-15 | 广州建设工程质量安全检测中心有限公司 | Loading device and method for static load test of pile foundation |
CN107313470A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2017-11-03 | 同济大学 | The experimental rig that the preconsolidation simulation Piled-box foundaton Long-term Cyclic Loading that pressurizes is acted on |
CN107860644A (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-03-30 | 太原理工大学 | It is a kind of can simulating natural environment condition concrete creep test apparatus |
CN107882078A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-04-06 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司经济技术研究院 | Multi-channel synchronous multi-point loading pile foundation testing device |
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CN114624109A (en) * | 2022-02-08 | 2022-06-14 | 河南城建学院 | Test device for measuring bearing capacity and displacement of screw anchor foundation under dynamic load |
CN115372161A (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-11-22 | 安徽省建筑科学研究设计院 | Lever type vertical and horizontal load loading system for indoor model test |
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CN104088307A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2014-10-08 | 张百全 | Method for detecting vertical bearing capacity of pile foundation |
CN105544624A (en) * | 2016-02-23 | 2016-05-04 | 周霜林 | Static load test device for asymmetric counter weight |
CN105862937A (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2016-08-17 | 东华理工大学 | Pressing and pulling integrated experimental indoor pile model test device |
CN106400856A (en) * | 2016-12-02 | 2017-02-15 | 广州建设工程质量安全检测中心有限公司 | Loading device and method for static load test of pile foundation |
CN107313470A (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2017-11-03 | 同济大学 | The experimental rig that the preconsolidation simulation Piled-box foundaton Long-term Cyclic Loading that pressurizes is acted on |
CN107313470B (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2019-03-29 | 同济大学 | The experimental rig that the preconsolidation simulation Piled-box foundaton Long-term Cyclic Loading that pressurizes acts on |
CN107860644B (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2019-11-12 | 太原理工大学 | A concrete creep test device that can simulate natural environmental conditions |
CN107860644A (en) * | 2017-10-11 | 2018-03-30 | 太原理工大学 | It is a kind of can simulating natural environment condition concrete creep test apparatus |
CN107882078A (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2018-04-06 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司经济技术研究院 | Multi-channel synchronous multi-point loading pile foundation testing device |
CN113188912A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-07-30 | 武汉理工大学 | Bending, shearing and pressing composite stress test loading device |
CN114624109A (en) * | 2022-02-08 | 2022-06-14 | 河南城建学院 | Test device for measuring bearing capacity and displacement of screw anchor foundation under dynamic load |
CN115372161A (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-11-22 | 安徽省建筑科学研究设计院 | Lever type vertical and horizontal load loading system for indoor model test |
CN115468837A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2022-12-13 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Model test device with multifunctional loading mode and test method |
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