CN103031861B - Test device for simulating six-direction load action on raft of raft base - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a test device for simulating six-direction load action on a raft of a raft base. The test device comprises a model groove, a raft base, support columns, a horizontal guide rail, a transverse beam, vertical guide rails, a four-edge platform loading framework, a vertical loading module and a horizontal loading module, wherein a soil body is arranged in the model groove; the raft base is buried in the soil body of the model groove; the support columns are arranged in the model groove; the horizontal guide rail is arranged on the support columns; the transverse beam is arranged on the horizontal guide rail; the vertical guide rail is connected with the transverse beam; the four-edge platform framework is connected to the vertical guide rail; the vertical loading module is connected to the four-edge platform framework, is connected with the raft base, and is used for applying a vertical load to the raft base; and the horizontal loading module is connected to the four-edge platform loading framework, is connected with the raft base, and is used for applying a horizontal load to the raft base. Compared with the prior art, the test device has the advantages of capability of simulation the working condition of combined loading of a plurality of loads, high simulation accuracy, and the like.

Description

Test device for simulating the raft foundation raft subjected to loads in six directions

technical field

The invention relates to a model loading test device, in particular to a test device for simulating a raft foundation raft subjected to loads in six directions.

Background technique

In recent decades, the world economy has grown rapidly, and technological innovation has continuously promoted social development, especially in the field of civil engineering. At present, a large number of high-rise buildings are being built continuously all over the world. No matter in terms of building height, building complexity or building function, they have entered a new period and stage of development.

Since the reform and opening up, my country's high-rise buildings have also developed rapidly. For the purpose of protecting cultivated land, my country strictly restricts construction land, and the usable construction area is getting smaller and smaller, which promotes the development of high-rise buildings. High-rise buildings are huge in size and have high loads, but the bearing capacity of foundations in most areas cannot meet such huge loads. Due to the high load of the superstructure, the great influence of the adjacent foundation, and the complex load distribution form, more stringent requirements are put forward for the foundation. In soft soil areas, most of the buildings with conventional foundations will have a large settlement. For high-rise buildings with a large quantity and a wide area, the reasonable selection of foundation schemes requires not only meeting the technical feasibility, but also fully considering the construction difficulty and economic conditions.

It is generally believed that the overall performance of the piled raft foundation is good, with great rigidity, its vertical bearing capacity and the effect of adjusting uneven settlement are very significant, and it is often selected in large quantities in the engineering design of the foundation scheme of high-rise buildings. The high coordination between the pile foundation and the superstructure makes the structure able to withstand greater wind loads and resist greater horizontal forces during earthquakes. It has incomparable advantages and has great application prospects in areas with soft soil and high earthquake fortification levels. broad.

At this stage, the form of the superstructure is becoming more and more complex, and the surrounding environment of the building is becoming more and more complex. The pile-raft foundation is often subjected to multi-directional coupling loads. It is necessary to design the raft foundation only considering the effect of vertical loads. unreasonable. Yokoyama Yukiman (1981) pointed out that the simple principle of stress superposition is not suitable for the pile-raft foundation under the coupled action of vertical, horizontal and moment loads. Therefore, the design of piled raft foundations at this stage faces two new problems: (1) The influence of multi-directional coupling loads on the deformation of rafted foundations. (2) The effect of multi-directional coupling load on the bearing capacity of piled raft foundation. In order to make up for the limitations of theoretical analysis, for important projects, it is necessary to conduct analysis in combination with indoor model tests. The key technology is how to simulate the effect of multi-directional coupling loads on the foundation, but no reports on this issue have been found so far.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a test device capable of simulating multiple load combination loading conditions and high simulation accuracy to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art and to simulate the raft foundation raft being subjected to loads in six directions.

The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

A test device for simulating the raft foundation raft subjected to loads in six directions, including:

A model tank, the soil body is housed in the model tank;

a raft foundation, the raft foundation is buried in the soil body of the model groove;

a support column, the support column is installed on the model groove;

a horizontal guide rail, the horizontal guide rail is installed on the support column;

a crossbeam, the crossbeam is arranged on the horizontal guide rail;

a vertical guide rail connected to the beam;

A quadrangular platform loading frame, the quadrangular platform loading frame is connected to the vertical guide rail;

a vertical loading module, the vertical loading module is connected to the quadrangular platform loading frame and connected to the raft foundation, and applies a vertical load to the raft foundation;

The horizontal loading module is connected to the quadrangular platform loading frame and connected to the raft foundation to apply a horizontal load to the raft foundation.

There are four supporting columns, which are respectively welded on the four corners of the model groove, and a horizontal guide rail is welded between every two supporting columns.

The ends of the beams are provided with pulleys, and the beams are slidably connected to the horizontal guide rails through the pulleys.

The vertical guide rail is provided with a plurality of bolt holes, and the vertical guide rail is adjustably connected with the beam through the bolt holes.

The quadrangular platform loading frame includes a top quadrilateral and a bottom quadrilateral, the four corners of the top quadrilateral and the bottom quadrilateral are connected by oblique edges, and the top quadrilateral is connected with the vertical guide rail.

The vertical loading module includes four sets of vertical loading components, and the four sets of vertical loading components are symmetrically arranged on two opposite sides of the quadrilateral on the top surface.

The vertical loading assembly includes a vertical loading actuator and a vertical loading rod, the vertical loading actuator is connected to the top quadrilateral, and one end of the vertical loading rod is connected to the vertical loading actuator The other end is connected to the raft foundation through bolts, and the vertical loading actuator drives the vertical loading rod to apply a vertical load to the raft foundation.

The horizontal loading module includes four groups of horizontal loading components, each two groups of horizontal loading components are connected to a set of opposite sides of the bottom quadrilateral, wherein two groups of horizontal loading components apply horizontal X-direction loads to the raft foundation, and the other two groups of horizontal loading components The loading component applies a horizontal Y-direction load to the raft foundation.

The horizontal loading assembly includes two horizontal loading actuators and a horizontal loading rod, and the horizontal loading rod is respectively connected to the two horizontal loading actuators.

The horizontal loading rod includes a main rod, two connecting rods and two auxiliary rods, the two ends of the main rod are respectively connected with horizontal loading actuators, and the two connecting rods are arranged at the two ends of the main rod, One end of the auxiliary rod is connected with the connecting rod, and the other end is connected with the raft foundation, the distance between the two auxiliary rods is adjustable, and the raft foundation is clamped.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

1) The present invention can realize loading tests in six directions including vertical, horizontal X, and horizontal Y directions by setting vertical loading components and horizontal loading components, which breaks through that the existing test devices can only perform vertical and horizontal single directions. The limit of axial loading can simulate the combined loading conditions of various loads, and the application range is wide;

2) The horizontal position and height of the loading frame of the quadrangular platform of the present invention are adjustable, which can well adapt to various situations of the model foundation and have high simulation accuracy.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the front view of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the top view of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a side view of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the horizontal loading bar of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. Support column; 2. Horizontal guide rail; 3. Beam; 4. Vertical guide rail; 5. Top quadrilateral; 6. Oblique edge; 7. Bottom quadrilateral; Vertical loading rod; 10, horizontal loading actuator; 11, horizontal loading rod; 12, raft foundation; 13, main rod; 14, connecting rod; 15, auxiliary rod.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. This embodiment is carried out on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed implementation and specific operation process are given, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

Example

As shown in Figures 1-3, a test device for simulating the raft foundation raft subjected to loads in six directions, including a model groove, a raft foundation (pile raft foundation) 12, a support column 1, a horizontal guide rail 2, and a beam 3. Vertical guide rail 4, quadrangular platform loading frame, vertical loading module and horizontal loading module, the model tank is composed of channel steel skeleton and plexiglass, soil is installed in the tank, and raft foundation 12 is buried in the soil of the model tank In the body, the support column 1 is installed on the model groove, the horizontal guide rail 2 is installed on the support column 1, the beam 3 is arranged on the horizontal guide rail 2, the vertical guide rail 4 is connected to the beam 3, and the quadrangular platform loading frame is connected to the vertical guide rail 4 Above, the vertical loading module is connected to the quadrangular platform loading frame and connected to the raft foundation 12 to apply a vertical load to the raft foundation; the horizontal loading module is connected to the quadrangular platform loading frame and connected to the raft foundation 12 connection, applying a horizontal load to the raft foundation.

Support column 1 is made by H-shaped steel and is welded on the model groove, and support column 1 is provided with four, is welded on the four corners of model groove respectively, welds a horizontal guide rail 2 between every two support columns, and horizontal guide rail 2 is made by channel steel.

The beam 3 is made of channel steel, and a pulley is provided at its end, and the beam 3 is slidably connected to the horizontal guide rail 2 through the pulley.

The vertical guide rail 4 is made of channel steel, and a plurality of bolt holes are arranged along the length of the channel steel, and the vertical guide rail 4 is adjustablely connected with the beam 3 through the bolt holes.

The quadrangular platform loading frame includes a top quadrilateral 5 and a bottom quadrilateral 7, the four corners of the top quadrilateral 5 and the bottom quadrilateral 7 are welded together by the bevel 6, and the top quadrilateral 5 is connected with the vertical guide rail 4.

The vertical loading module includes four sets of vertical loading assemblies, and the four sets of vertical loading assemblies are symmetrically arranged on two opposite sides of the quadrilateral 5 on the top surface. The vertical loading assembly includes a vertical loading actuator 8 and a vertical loading rod 9, the vertical loading actuator 8 is connected to the top quadrilateral 5, one end of the vertical loading rod 9 is connected to the vertical loading actuator 8, and the other One end is connected to the raft foundation 12 through bolts, and the vertical loading actuator 8 drives the vertical loading rod 9 to apply a vertical load to the raft foundation 12 .

The horizontal loading module includes four sets of horizontal loading components, and each two sets of horizontal loading components are connected to a set of opposite sides of the bottom quadrilateral, wherein two sets of horizontal loading components apply horizontal X-direction load to the raft foundation, and the other two sets of horizontal loading components The raft foundation applies a horizontal Y-direction load. The horizontal loading assembly includes two horizontal loading actuators 10 and a horizontal loading rod 11, and the horizontal loading rod 11 is respectively connected to the two horizontal loading actuators 10. As shown in Figure 4, the horizontal loading rod 11 includes a main rod 13, two connecting rods 14 and two auxiliary rods 15, the two ends of the main rod 13 are respectively connected to the horizontal loading actuator 10, and the two connecting rods Rod 15 is arranged at the two ends of main rod 13, and one end of described auxiliary rod 15 is connected with connecting rod 14, and the other end is connected with raft foundation 12, and the distance between two auxiliary rods is adjustable to clamp raft foundation.

As shown in Figures 1 to 4, the length of the model tank is 3000mm, the height is 1500mm, and the width is 2000mm, which is composed of channel steel skeleton and plexiglass. The support column 1 is 700mm high and made of H-shaped steel. The flange width is 100mm, the thickness is 10mm, the web width is 100mm, and the web thickness is 10mm. They are arranged at a distance of 250mm from the edge; the horizontal guide rail 2 is made of channel steel. The height is 100mm, the leg width is 60mm, the waist thickness is 10mm, and the length is 2500mm. At 700mm from the end, four bolt holes are respectively set on the inner legs. The vertical guide rail 4 is made of channel steel, with a length of 800mm, a height of 100mm, a leg width of 60mm, and a waist thickness of 20mm. Two bolt holes are arranged every 80mm along the length direction, and can be adjusted to be installed on the beam 3. The top quadrilateral 5 of the quadrangular platform loading frame is welded by channel steel, wherein the height of the channel steel is 100 mm, the leg width is 60 mm, and the waist thickness is 10 mm, two of which are 600 mm long and two of which are 480 mm long; the bottom quadrilateral 7 is Welded channel steel, in which the height of the channel steel is 100mm, the leg width is 60mm, the waist thickness is 10mm, two of them are 1200mm long, and the other is 1080mm; The distance between them is 450mm, and it is welded and connected with the quadrilateral 5 on the top surface and the quadrilateral 7 on the bottom surface to form a quadrangular platform loading frame; the quadrangular platform loading frame is connected to the vertical guide rail 4 by welding; the vertical loading actuator 8 is welded on the top surface On the two opposite sides of the quadrilateral 5, the distance from the end is 200mm, and four are arranged in total; the vertical loading rod 9 is a cylindrical solid rigid tube with a diameter of 5mm and a length of 750mm. Set up 2 bolt holes, which can be fixed with the connection on the top of the raft foundation, and the upper part is connected to the vertical loading actuator. The horizontal loading actuator 10 is welded on one group of opposite sides of the quadrilateral 7 on the bottom surface, two groups are arranged in total, and the distance from each group to the nearest end is 275 mm.

Horizontal loading rod 11 is made up of main rod 13, connecting rod 14, auxiliary rod 15, and main rod 13 is cylindrical solid steel pipe, and diameter is 50mm, and length 1400mm, and auxiliary rod 15 is cylindrical solid steel pipe, and diameter is 50mm, and length 240mm, It passes through the opening of the connecting rod and can move to clamp the raft foundation 12 . The connecting rod 14 is divided into two sizes according to the length of the connecting rod, which are respectively used on the horizontal loading rod in the X direction and the Y direction. The connecting rod used for the horizontal loading rod in the X direction is made of H-shaped steel, arranged at both ends of the main rod 13, the distance from the end of the main rod is 160mm, the length is 210mm, the cross-sectional height is 70mm, the flange width is 50mm, and the thickness is 8mm , the thickness of the web is 8mm, the bottom of the connecting rod is 160mm away from the top of the web opening, and the aperture is 50mm, which can pass through the auxiliary rod 15. The connecting rod used for the horizontal loading rod in the Y direction is made of H-shaped steel, arranged at both ends of the main rod 13, the distance from the end of the main rod is 160mm, the length is 150mm, the cross-sectional height is 70mm, the flange width is 50mm, and the thickness is 8mm, the thickness of the web is 8mm, the bottom of the connecting rod is 100mm away from the top and the web is perforated, and the aperture is 50mm, which can pass through the auxiliary rod 15. The connecting rod 14 top is welded on the main rod 13, and the lower flange of the connecting rod offers bolt holes, which can be used to fix the auxiliary rod by bolts.

The raft foundation 12 is placed in the model groove, and a joint is set at the corresponding position of the vertical loading rod 9, and two bolt holes are arranged on the joint, so that the vertical loading rod 9 can be bolted.

The working process of this device: fill the test soil in the model groove, bury the pile raft model foundation in the soil, adjust the position of the beam and vertical guide rail, and connect the four vertical loading rods to the top surface of the raft with bolts . Controlled by an external computer, various load combination conditions of loads in six directions can be realized on the raft foundation, and the loading situation (load size) can be recorded in real time; data can be collected through the measuring device, and the bearing and deformation characteristics of the model foundation can be analyzed , and the displacement of the soil around the pile.

Claims (10)

1. A test device for simulating raft foundation rafts subjected to six direction loads, characterized in that it comprises: A model tank, the soil body is housed in the model tank; a raft foundation, the raft foundation is buried in the soil body of the model groove; a support column, the support column is installed on the model groove; a horizontal guide rail, the horizontal guide rail is installed on the support column; a crossbeam, the crossbeam is arranged on the horizontal guide rail; a vertical guide rail connected to the beam; A quadrangular platform loading frame, the quadrangular platform loading frame is connected to the vertical guide rail; a vertical loading module, the vertical loading module is connected to the quadrangular platform loading frame and connected to the raft foundation, and applies a vertical load to the raft foundation; The horizontal loading module is connected to the quadrangular platform loading frame and connected to the raft foundation to apply a horizontal load to the raft foundation. 2. a kind of test device for simulating the raft foundation raft according to claim 1 is subjected to six direction loads, it is characterized in that, described support columns are provided with four, are respectively welded on the four jiaos of model groove, A horizontal guide rail is welded between every two support columns. 3. A test device for simulating a raft foundation raft subjected to loads in six directions according to claim 1, wherein a pulley is provided at the end of the beam through which the beam is slidably connected to on the horizontal rail. 4. A test device for simulating the raft foundation raft as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, the vertical guide rail is provided with a plurality of bolt holes, and the vertical guide rail passes through the bolt holes. The holes are adjustably connected to the beams. 5. A kind of test device for simulating the raft foundation raft according to claim 1 under loads in six directions, wherein the quadrangular platform loading frame comprises a top quadrilateral and a bottom quadrilateral, and the top quadrilateral The four corners of the quadrilateral and the four corners of the bottom surface are connected by oblique edges, and the top quadrilateral is connected with the vertical guide rail. 6. A test device for simulating a raft foundation raft subjected to loads in six directions according to claim 5, wherein said vertical loading module includes four sets of vertical loading assemblies, four sets of vertical loading components The loading components are arranged symmetrically on two opposite sides of the top quadrilateral. 7. A test device for simulating the raft foundation raft subjected to loads in six directions according to claim 6, wherein the vertical loading assembly includes a vertical loading actuator and a vertical loading rod , the vertical loading actuator is connected to the top quadrilateral, one end of the vertical loading rod is connected to the vertical loading actuator, and the other end is connected to the raft foundation through bolts, and the vertical loading actuator drives the vertical Apply a vertical load to the raft foundation with the loading bar. 8. A test device for simulating a raft foundation raft subjected to loads in six directions according to claim 5, wherein the horizontal loading module includes four sets of horizontal loading assemblies, and each two sets of horizontal loading assemblies Connected to a set of opposite sides of the quadrilateral on the bottom surface, two sets of horizontal loading components apply horizontal X-direction loads to the raft foundation, and the other two sets of horizontal loading components apply horizontal Y-direction loads to the raft foundation. 9. A test device for simulating a raft foundation raft subjected to loads in six directions according to claim 8, wherein said horizontal loading assembly comprises two horizontal loading actuators and a horizontal loading rod, The horizontal loading rod is respectively connected with two horizontal loading actuators. 10. A test device for simulating the raft foundation raft subjected to loads in six directions according to claim 9, wherein the horizontal loading rod comprises a main rod, two connecting rods and two auxiliary rods , the two ends of the main rod are respectively connected with horizontal loading actuators, the two connecting rods are arranged at both ends of the main rod, one end of the auxiliary rod is connected with the connecting rod, and the other end is connected with the raft foundation , The distance between the two auxiliary rods is adjustable, and the raft foundation is clamped.