Electromagnetic levitation type bridge deflection measurement device and its measuring method
Technical field
The invention belongs to bridge deflection measurement technical field, more particularly to a kind of electromagnetic levitation type bridge deflection measurement device and
Its measuring method.
Background technology
In current civil engineering industry, deflection metrology is widely used in the knot such as building, railway, bridge, traffic, dam
On structure.The deflection test of structure is that engineering staff carries out structural design optimization, understands structural stress state and ensures structure peace
A full important step.For example, in work progress and the operation Long Period Health Monitoring of process, the bridge lotus of Longspan Bridge
Carry in the middle of test, the deflection of bridge span in crucial section is monitored and is measured, be the important finger for evaluating bridge structure safe state
Mark and foundation.
Common deflection test method has the measurement of the level, displacement meter method, static level method, radar method etc., and these methods are equal
Needs arrange fixing point outside bridge, by measuring measuring point on bridge elevation or change in displacement relative to the outer fixing point of bridge obtaining bridge
The amount of deflection of beam.The contact measurement method high precision such as displacement meter method, it is convenient to test, but when bridge is across obstacles such as river, river, mountain streams
Thing, or during across urban road, as fixed support can not be laid, there is contact displacement measuring instrument (such as displacement meter etc.) nothing
The difficulty that method is installed.Contactless displacement monitoring instrument (such as hydrostatic level, radar etc.) and leveling measuring method, are capable of achieving exhausted
The deflection test of most of bridge, but in the middle of the deflection test of long-span bridge, have the shortcomings that obvious:Hydrostatic level
There is field installation time length, high cost in method, to big longitudinal gradient bridge application difficult;And essence of the radar method on long-span bridge
Degree cannot meet, testing efficiency is low;The measurement of the level needs done site by site elevation transference, and long-span bridge is more due to measuring point, and distance is remote, once
The measurement of the level time is considerably long, and human cost is high, while anthropic factor affects big.For this purpose, long-span bridge precisely, quickly will be tested
Amount of deflection becomes very difficult, and a big technical barrier of bridge machinery engineering field at present.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of electromagnetic levitation type bridge deflection measurement device and its measuring method,
To realize high accuracy, easily measure deflection of bridge span, the device and method is widely used in Test on Bridge Loading, health monitoring etc.
Technical field.
To solve above-mentioned technical problem, the present invention is employed the following technical solutions:
Electromagnetic levitation type bridge deflection measurement device, mainly by high-precision micro linear electric motors, outer sleeve and adjustable horizontal
Mounting seat composition;Vertically to being installed in outer sleeve, outer sleeve is placed in mounting seat high-precision micro linear electric motors;It is high
Suspended matter gauge block is installed on precision miniature linear, diastimeter is installed at the top of high-precision micro linear electric motors, high accuracy
Miniature linear has controller and is controlled to constant suspending power of the suspended matter gauge block offer equal to its gravity by controller.
High-precision micro linear electric motors are electromagnetic type cylindrical linear motor, and more than 10cm, maximum load is outstanding to range
More than 2 times of aerosol gauge block gravity.
Mounting seat has three foot screws and a round air level.
Controller includes suspended matter gauge block position detecting feedback system.
Diastimeter is more than 10Hz from the high precision distance detector that precision is 0.01mm levels, measurement frequency.
High-precision micro linear electric motors and diastimeter provide power supply by supplying cell.
Using the measuring method of above-mentioned electromagnetic levitation type bridge deflection measurement device, comprise the following steps:
(1) in the corresponding bridge floor position of amount of deflection measuring point, fixedly mount electromagnetic levitation type bridge deflection measurement device;
(2) by adjusting mounting seat, base upper surface is made in horizontality, and high-precision micro linear electric motors are in
Plumbness;
(3) controller power source is opened, by controller by suspended matter gauge block position adjustments to high accuracy miniature linear
Middle of stroke position, keeps suspending power to make suspended matter gauge block in static suspended state, and arranges high-precision micro linear electric motors
Middle thrust keeps the state constant, and suspended matter gauge block absolute elevation H keeps constant;
(4) measurement now suspended matter gauge block relative to vertical dimension L at the top of outer sleeve1;
(5) bridge load test is carried out, bridge produces downward amount of deflection f in point position;
(6) measurement now suspended matter gauge block relative to vertical dimension L at the top of outer sleeve2;
(7) amount of deflection for calculating bridge is f=Δ L=L1-L2。
For the problem that existing highway bridge deflection test method is present, inventor has designed and produced a kind of electromagnetic levitation type bridge and has scratched
Degree measurement apparatus, are mainly made up of the mounting seat of high-precision micro linear electric motors, outer sleeve and adjustable horizontal;It is micro- in high precision
Vertically to being installed in outer sleeve, outer sleeve is placed in mounting seat type linear electric motors;Install on high-precision micro linear electric motors
There is suspended matter gauge block, diastimeter is installed at the top of high-precision micro linear electric motors, high-precision micro linear electric motors have controller
And constant suspending power of the suspended matter gauge block offer equal to its gravity is controlled to by controller.The measurement apparatus are former based on magnetic suspension
Reason, provides constant vertical force for suspended matter gauge block using high-precision micro linear electric motors, protects the absolute altitude that mass suspends
Hold constant, form the fixing point (i.e. therein realizes that fixing point is arranged) in the middle of deflection test, linear electric motors, outer sleeve and bottom
Seat measures the change of suspended matter gauge block vertical distance relative with outer sleeve, you can obtain bridge then as bridge deformation is vertically movable
The amount of deflection of beam.The present invention is tested for deflection of bridge span, external stability point need not be set, you can accurately measure the absolute of bridge
Amount of deflection;And dynamic deflection measurement is capable of achieving, and it is widely used in the technical fields such as Test on Bridge Loading, health monitoring.Accordingly, send out
A person of good sense has also set up corresponding measuring method.
Compared with prior art, outstanding advantage of the invention is characterized in particular in:
(1) by magnetic suspension principle, deflection test fixing point is internally formed in device, without the need for if traditional measurement method is in bridge
Fixing point is set beyond beam, thus there is no elevation problem of transmission, simplified deflection test process, apply in the middle of long-span bridge
It is with the obvious advantage;
(2) measurement apparatus of the present invention are directly mounted on the bridge floor at test point, without the need for any fixed support, need not be appointed
What installation tool, can pass through the adjusting base regulation level for carrying, and in-site installation and operation are very convenient, improve deflection of bridge span
Testing efficiency;
(3) present invention selects High Precision Linear Motor and diastimeter, is capable of achieving the deflection metrology of 0.1mm precision, meets
The needs of engineering, and instrument is sealed in outer sleeve, is not disturbed by outside environmental elements;
(4) it is capable of achieving bridge dynamic deflection test.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of electromagnetic levitation type bridge deflection measurement device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the stress diagram of suspended matter gauge block in electromagnetic levitation type bridge deflection measurement device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is electromagnetic levitation type bridge deflection measurement device use state of the present invention with reference to figure.
In figure:1 high-precision micro linear electric motors, 2 suspended matter gauge blocks, 3 controllers, 4 diastimeters, 5 outer sleeves, 6 foot screws,
7 circle air levels, 8 mounting seats, 9 supplying cells.
Specific embodiment
1. basic structure
As shown in figure 1, electromagnetic levitation type bridge deflection measurement device, mainly by high-precision micro linear electric motors 1, outer sleeve 5
Constitute with the mounting seat of adjustable horizontal;Vertically to being installed in outer sleeve, outer sleeve is placed in high-precision micro linear electric motors
In mounting seat 8;Suspended matter gauge block 2 is installed on high-precision micro linear electric motors, is installed at the top of high-precision micro linear electric motors
There is a diastimeter 4, high-precision micro linear electric motors have controller 3 and suspended matter gauge block are controlled to by controller and provide heavy equal to which
The constant suspending power of power.
Wherein, high-precision micro linear electric motors are electromagnetic type cylindrical linear motor, and range is more than 10cm, maximum load
For more than 2 times of suspended matter gauge block gravity.Mounting seat has three foot screws 6 and a round air level 7, and three foot screws can
Independent regulation, makes to justify air level between two parties, and high-precision micro linear electric motors are in plumbness.Controller includes suspended matter gauge block position
Detection feedback system is put, 0.1N is less than to the constant suspending power control accuracy of suspended matter gauge block, to suspended matter gauge block position control essence
Degree is less than 0.01mm.Diastimeter from precision be 0.01mm levels can kinetic measurement high precision distance detector, measurement frequency is more than
10Hz, the relative distance for measuring suspended matter gauge block change.High-precision micro linear electric motors and diastimeter are carried by supplying cell 9
Power supply source.
2. operation principle
As shown in Figures 2 and 3, electromagnetic levitation type bridge deflection measurement device is directly mounted on bridge floor, and controller control is straight
Line motor provides the constant suspending power F equal to mass gravity in the effective travel of linear electric motors for suspended matter gauge block.Now,
Suspended matter gauge block is only subject to the constant suspending power F two straight up that self gravitation G straight down and linear electric motors are provided
The effect of power, when suspending power is equal with mass self gravitation all the time (F=G), mass is in a vertical poised state,
The absolute elevation H that mass suspends remains constant, forms deflection test fixing point.When the straight-line electric being fixed on bridge floor
Machine, outer sleeve produce vertical displacement f with the deformation of bridge, and as mass is in stress balance state, it is exhausted which suspends
Elevation is not changed with linear electric motors, simply mass is changed with the vertical relative position of outer sleeve, relative position
The knots modification displacement vertical with outer sleeve is equal, i.e., with bridge bending equation.By being installed at the top of linear electric motors
Stadia surveying go out variation delta L of mass and outer sleeve relative position before and after deformation, you can obtain the amount of deflection of bridge.Such as
Before deformation, mass and the distance at the top of outer sleeve are L1, after bridge deformation, mass and the distance at the top of outer sleeve are L2, then bridge
The amount of deflection of beam is f=Δ L=L1-L2.Meanwhile, continuously measured using dynamic rangefinder, you can realize the survey of bridge dynamic displacement
Examination.
3. operating procedure
(1), before carrying out deflection metrology, in the corresponding bridge floor position of amount of deflection measuring point, fixed installation electromagnetic levitation type deflection of bridge span is surveyed
Amount device;
(2) by the back-out amount of regulation three foot screws of mounting seat, make the bubble justified in air level placed in the middle, now base
Upper surface is in horizontality, and high-precision micro linear electric motors are in plumbness;
(3) controller power source is opened, by controller by suspended matter gauge block position adjustments to high accuracy miniature linear
Middle of stroke position, keeps suspending power to make suspended matter gauge block in static suspended state, and arranges high-precision micro linear electric motors
Middle thrust keeps the state constant, measures suspended matter gauge block absolute elevation for H;
(4) measurement now suspended matter gauge block relative to vertical dimension L at the top of outer sleeve1;
(5) bridge load test is carried out, bridge produces downward amount of deflection f in point position;The peace of bridge floor is fixed on now
Dress base drives outer sleeve and high-precision micro linear electric motors to move f straight down, and suspended matter gauge block is flat in stress all the time
Weighing apparatus state, absolute position not moved down with high-precision micro linear electric motors and being changed, i.e., suspension absolute elevation is still H;
(6) measurement now suspended matter gauge block relative to vertical dimension L at the top of outer sleeve2;
(7) amount of deflection for calculating bridge is f=Δ L=L1-L2。
4. application example
Test on Bridge Loading is carried out to certain continuous rigid frame bridge, the Main Girder Deflection that need to be tested in loading procedure, the across footpath of the bridge
It is combined as 85m+160m+85m.Bridge overall length 330m, and cross over great river, it is impossible to arrange the tradition type flexibility tester such as displacement meter
Device.And adopt level instrument measurement method, a survey time observation need to be carried out from the outer permanent bench mark of bridge, test once for up to
2 hours, have a strong impact on loading test work efficiency.Additionally, such bridge is more sensitive to temperature change, scratch after 2 hours
Degree is changed with the change of temperature, and the test value of level gauge cannot truly reflect that bridge becomes because of the bridge that loading causes
Shape.
For this purpose, using aforementioned electromagnetic levitation type bridge deflection measurement device, carry out with reference to aforesaid operations step.
Before deflection test is carried out, bridge 160m across the corresponding bridge floor position of span centre, fixedly mount electromagnetic levitation type bridge
Beam deflection measurement apparatus.By the back-out amount of three foot screws of adjusting base, make the bubble justified in air level placed in the middle, now base
Upper surface is in horizontality, and linear electric motors are in plumbness.Controller power source is opened, by controller by suspended load discharge
Block position adjustments keep suspending power to linear electric motors middle of stroke position, make suspended matter gauge block in static suspended state, and set
In putting linear electric motors, thrust keeps this state constant, and suspension absolute elevation H keeps constant.Measurement now suspended matter gauge block relative to
Vertical dimension L at the top of outer sleeve1=51.6mm, carries out bridge load test, and bridge produces downward amount of deflection in point position,
Measurement now suspended matter gauge block relative to vertical dimension L at the top of outer sleeve2=38.1mm, calculates the amount of deflection of bridge at measuring point
For f=Δ L=L1-L2=13.5mm.