CN106660353A - 在表面上具有液膜的结构体 - Google Patents
在表面上具有液膜的结构体 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106660353A CN106660353A CN201580032418.3A CN201580032418A CN106660353A CN 106660353 A CN106660353 A CN 106660353A CN 201580032418 A CN201580032418 A CN 201580032418A CN 106660353 A CN106660353 A CN 106660353A
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- Prior art keywords
- liquid film
- thickness
- film
- liquid
- matsurface
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明的结构体的特征在于,在表面上形成最大高度粗糙度Rz为0.5至5.0μm的粗糙面部(1),并且在所述粗糙面部(1)上形成厚度为0.1μm以上且小于3.4μm的薄的液膜(3)。该结构体尽管在表面上形成的液膜非常薄也显示出高的滑移性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及在表面上形成液膜的结构体。
背景技术
塑料材料易于成形,可以容易地成形为各种形状,由此已经广泛地用于各种用途。特别是,通过使用如低密度聚乙烯等烯烃系树脂形成内壁面的直接吹塑成形的瓶通过利用其挤压性或挤出性已经广泛地用作用于容纳如番茄酱和蛋黄酱等粘稠流动性物质的容器。
此处,用于容纳粘稠流动性物质的容器必须具有满足以下的内表面:所述内表面显示出对内容物的高的滑移性,以致内容物可以迅速且完全排出至最后一滴而不残留在容器中。
迄今,滑移性已经通过将形成容器的内表面的树脂与如润滑剂等添加剂配混来实现。然而,近年来,已经提出通过在树脂基材的表面上形成液膜来改善如对粘稠物质的滑移性等表面特性的各种技术(例如,参见专利文献1、2和3)。
根据以上技术,与将如润滑剂等添加剂添加至形成基材的表面的树脂中的情况相比,滑移性可以显著地改善;并且现在已经对其关注。
此处,根据通过在表面上形成液膜来改善表面特性的手段,变得必要的是,将液膜稳定地保持在表面上。为此,以上专利文献1至3全部在表面形成微细的凹凸。
此处,虽然在表面形成凹凸以试图稳定地保持液膜,但尚未详细地研究凹凸程度与在液膜上移动的流动性物质的滑移性之间的关系。
现有技术文献:
专利文献:
专利文献1:WO2012/100099
专利文献2:WO2013/022467
专利文献3:WO2014/010534
发明内容
发明要解决的问题
本发明人已经对在表面上形成有液膜的结构体进行了深入的实验,并且先前提出了在液膜的表面上具有局部突出的部分的结构体(JP-A-2014-006083)。本发明已经进一步对该结构体进行了研究,并且发现有趣的知识在于,在表面微细地粗糙化至一定水平的情况下,液膜的厚度可以设定至几乎等于粗糙面的最大高度粗糙度。在此情况下,滑落性改善至当相同厚度的液膜形成在平滑面上时不会见到的此类程度。
即,本发明的目的是提供尽管形成在表面上的液膜具有非常薄的厚度也显示出高度的滑移性的结构体。
用于解决问题的方案
根据本发明,形成一种结构体,在所述结构体的表面上形成最大高度粗糙度Rz在0.5至5.0μm的范围内的粗糙面部,并且在所述粗糙面部上形成厚度在0.1μm以上且小于3.4μm的范围内的薄液膜。
在本发明的结构体中,期望的是:
(1)所述液膜的厚度在所述最大高度粗糙度Rz的10%至170%的范围内;
(2)所述粗糙面部的均方根粗糙度Rq在50至600nm的范围内;
(3)在所述粗糙面部上,观察到保持平均30μm以下的间隔的高度为0.7μm以上的突起;
(4)所述粗糙面部通过将细颗粒附着至塑料材料的表面上来形成;
(5)所述细颗粒是二氧化硅颗粒;
(6)所述液膜通过使用表面张力为10至40mN/m的液体来形成;
(7)所述液体是液体石蜡或食用油;
(8)所述结构体用作包装材料;和
(9)当将其上放置有6mg纯水的结构体以30°的倾斜角倾斜时,该纯水的滑落速度大于当相同厚度的液膜形成在表面尚未粗糙化的结构体上时的滑落速度。
发明的效果
在本发明的结构体中,液膜形成在表面上,并且可以根据形成液膜的液体的种类而表现出各种表面特性。例如,如果通过使用含氟液体,含氟表面活性剂,或者如硅油或植物油等油性液体来形成液膜,则可以大幅改善对如水等水性物质的滑移性或非附着性。另一方面,如果液膜通过使用拒油性液体来形成,则可以大幅改善对油性物质的滑移性或非附着性。
进一步,在本发明中,液膜形成在最大高度粗糙度Rz为0.5至5.0μm的微细粗糙面部上,除此以外,液膜是厚度在0.1μm以上且小于3.4μm的范围内的非常薄的膜。
即,尽管液膜具有此类非常薄的厚度,结构体也显示出如此改善以致在保持相同厚度的液膜形成在平滑面上的情况下不会看到且也在稍后示出的实施例中显示出的滑落性。除此以外,因为液膜具有这样薄的厚度,所以能够有效地避免由形成液膜的液体的重量导致的液膜表面的改变或由落下导致的厚度的改变。因此,结构体显示出保持稳定的优异的表面特性。
此外,因为液膜通过使用少量液体形成,所以在成本上也获得大的优势。
通过利用改善的表面特性,本发明的结构体可以通过使用适当的液体形成液膜而应用于各种用途。特别是,本发明的结构体可以用作如用于容纳粘稠液体(例如,番茄酱、蛋黄酱、调味料等)的容器和盖子等包装材料。
附图说明
[图1]是示出作为本发明的结构体的主要部分的表面的状态的图。
[图2]是示出液膜的厚度与滑落速度之间的关系的图。
[图3]是说明滑落速度的测量方法的图。
[图4]是说明库埃特流(Couette flow)的原理的图。
[图5]是描绘示出图2中平滑面D上的液膜的厚度h与滑落速度V之间的关系的线图D的图。
[图6]是描绘示出图2中粗糙面A上的液膜的厚度h与滑落速度V之间的关系的线图A的图。
[图7]是说明液膜的表面的状态的图。
[图8]是说明当液膜的厚度h为最大高度粗糙度Rz以下时的液膜3的状态的图。
具体实施方式
<结构体的表面形态>
参照图1,本发明的结构体具有1处所示的粗糙面部,并且具有形成在粗糙面部1上的液膜3,并且根据形成液膜3的液体的种类而显示出对水性物质或对油性物质的大幅改善的滑移性。
即,在本发明中,粗糙面部1的最大高度粗糙度Rz设定为处于0.5至5.0μm的范围内,并且液膜3的厚度设定为具有在0.1μm以上且小于3.4μm的范围内的小的值。结果,液膜追随粗糙面1形成凹凸,并且表现出对在液膜3上流动的物体优异的滑移性。
不像通过液体的移动形成的波,液膜3表面的凹凸处于预定的位置,并且可以通过使用原子力显微镜或白色干涉显微镜等来确认。
例如,图2示出稍后示出的实施例的实验结果,并且是示出形成在平滑面上和形成在具有各种表面粗糙度的粗糙面上的液膜的厚度与滑落速度之间的关系的图。
在以上实验结果中,滑落速度是水滴(6mg)在通过自重沿着保持由中链脂肪酸甘油三酯(MCT)形成的液膜3且如图3所示以30度的倾斜角θ设置的表面滑落时的速度(对于详细条件,参照实施例)。该速度越大,对水的滑移性越高。
液膜的厚度可以从形成液膜之前和之后的结构体的重量变化来求得。
在图2中,曲线A表示在粗糙面A上的液膜的厚度与滑落速度之间的关系,所述粗糙面A通过使通过使用聚丙烯形成表面的塑料膜的表面粗糙化而形成;曲线B表示在通过粗糙化处理形成的粗糙面B上的液膜的厚度与滑落速度之间的关系;曲线C表示在通过粗糙化处理形成的粗糙面C上的液膜的厚度与滑落速度之间的关系;和曲线D表示在底层聚丙烯膜的平滑面D上的液膜的厚度与滑落速度之间的关系。
以下表格是在面各A至D上最大高度粗糙度Rz和均方根粗糙度Rq。
当如将从图2理解的、液膜形成在依照本发明Rz在预定的范围内的粗糙面A和B上时,在液膜的厚度接近于Rz的部分具有滑落速度的极大峰值,即,当相同厚度的液膜形成在平滑面上时没有显示出的滑落性的改善。进一步,在粗糙面A上,滑落速度的极大峰值与当相同厚度的液膜形成在平滑面D上时相比较高,即,实现较高的滑落性。进一步,当液膜形成在Rz与本发明规定的范围相比较粗糙的粗糙面C上时,极大峰值消失。
根据如上所述的本发明,可以通过将厚度接近于Rz的值的非常薄的液膜3形成在Rz处于非常小的范围内的粗糙面上而表现出优异的滑落性。
本发明人尚不清楚高的滑落性通过如上所述设定最大高度粗糙度Rz和液膜的厚度来实现的原因,但推测其如下所述。
即,一般的想法是,在形成在预定表面上的液膜上滑落的液体物质处于液-液接触状态,并且其滑落速度大于当液体物质在固体表面上流下时的速度。因此,滑落速度可以根据库埃特流来说明。
在如图4中示出的库埃特流中,在形成在预定基材的表面上的液膜上流动的对象物的速度V由液膜和由以下式(1)表示的摩擦力F支配,
F=ηVA/h (1)
其中,η是液膜的粘度,
A是接触面积,和
h是液膜的厚度。
另一方面,当液滴(对象物)沿着图3中示出的倾斜角θ的倾斜面滑落时,摩擦力F由以下式(2)表示,
F=mg sinθ (2)
其中,m是液滴的质量,
g是重力加速度,和
θ是倾斜角。
因此,在此情况下,滑落速度V由以下式(3)表示,
V=mg sinθ·h/ηA (3)
即,如将从式(3)理解的,滑落速度V与液膜的厚度成比例变化。
因此,参照示出图2的曲线D的图5,当液膜形成在平滑面D上时,在液膜的表面上的滑落速度与液膜的厚度h成比例变化并且遵从库埃特流。
然而,当如本发明的预期液膜形成在最大高度粗糙度Rz在预定范围内的粗糙面A和B上时,看到了当相同厚度的液膜形成在平滑面D上时不会看到的滑落性的改善。这推测是由于在液膜的表面上反映出粗糙面的粗糙度。
例如,在液膜具有大的厚度的区域(图6(b))中,液膜的表面如图7(b)中所示是平滑的,并且滑落速度遵从库埃特流。然而,随着液膜的厚度变小,在液膜的表面上反映出粗糙面的粗糙度,并且推测的是,如图7(a)中所示在液膜的表面形成凹凸。因此,在液膜具有小的厚度的区域中,显示出与库埃特流不同的行为。
在液膜的表面反映出凹凸形状的区域(图6(a))中,存在与最大高度粗糙度Rz一致的极大峰值。即,当液膜的厚度h小于最大高度粗糙度Rz时,如图8中示出,存在液膜的厚度h小于粗糙面的最大高度粗糙度Rz的凹部X。即,粗糙面的凹凸形状的影响如此大以致成为对滑落的抵抗。液膜的厚度h越小,抵抗越大。因此,推测的是,滑落速度随着液膜的厚度h的减小而下降。
因此,当在具有预定的表面粗糙度的粗糙面A和B上形成液膜时,在液膜的厚度h变得等于最大高度粗糙度Rz的部分中展示出滑落速度的极大峰值,同时,在该部分的附近,看到了当相同厚度的液膜形成在平滑面D上时不会看到的滑落性的改善。此外,当在粗糙面A上形成液膜时,滑落速度变得与当液膜形成在平滑面D上时相比较大。
此处,如图2所示,在与粗糙面A相比最大高度粗糙度Rz较大的粗糙面B(曲线B)上,液膜的极大峰值向厚度h增大侧偏移。即,在粗糙面B上,Rz与粗糙面A上的相比较大。因此,液膜必须具有增大的厚度h以填充图8中的凹部X,由此,填充凹部X的厚度h在Rz的部分显示出极大峰值。即,在粗糙面B上,Rz与在粗糙面A上的相比较大,并且极大峰值的位置向较大的厚度h侧偏移。
进一步,在粗糙面B上,最大高度粗糙度Rz如此大以致液膜的表面不能容易地追随粗糙面B。因此,如果液膜的厚度变得大于预定值,则液膜的凸部由于其自重而平坦化,结果滑落速度下降。即,在粗糙面B上,滑落速度的极大峰值变得与在粗糙面A上相比较小。
另一方面,在最大高度粗糙度Rz不仅大于粗糙面A的Rz而且大于粗糙面B的Rz的粗糙面C(曲线C)上,液膜的表面不太追随粗糙面C,并且液膜的凸部更平坦化。因此,在粗糙面C上,滑落速度由于液膜表面的平坦化而进一步下降。即,在粗糙面C上,滑落速度的极大峰值消失,因此没有改善滑落性。这意味着,为了与当相同厚度的液膜形成在平滑面D上时相比改善滑落性,其上形成了液膜的粗糙面的最大高度粗糙度Rz必须处于比预定范围小的区域。
因此,根据如图1所示的本发明,用作液膜3的底层的表面(粗糙面)的最大高度粗糙度Rz设定至处于预定范围(0.5至5.0μm)内并且液膜3的厚度h设定至处于0.1μm以上且小于3.4μm的范围内。因此,尽管液膜3具有非常薄的厚度,也能够实现与当相同厚度的液膜形成在平滑面D上时相比较高的滑落性。
进一步,在本发明中,期望的是,从通过液膜3稳定地确保滑落速度的观点,用于保持液膜3的粗糙面的均方根粗糙度Rq在50至600nm的范围内。这是因为如果最大高度粗糙度Rz仅局部处于预定的范围内,则滑落速度大幅分散。
进一步,期望的是,保持液膜3的粗糙面具有高度为0.7μm以上的突起(即,具有0.7μm以上的最大高度粗糙度Rz),特别是,从进一步改善滑落性的观点,此类高度的突起以保持平均30μm以下的间隔存在。在此类情况下,在液膜3的表面上明确地反映出粗糙面具有的凹凸。
<表面结构的形成>
在本发明中,上述表面结构可以在任意材料的表面中形成,只要其能够形成如上所述具有预定的最大高度粗糙度Rz的粗糙面即可。即,表面结构可以形成在例如树脂表面、金属表面或玻璃表面中。然而,从易于形成粗糙面的观点,期望的是,所述表面结构形成在树脂表面中。
即,为了通过将金属表面或玻璃表面粗糙化来获得上述最大高度粗糙度Rz,方法限于通过使用如人造刚玉或白刚玉等微细的投射材料(介质)的喷砂处理或蚀刻,这涉及难以确保所期望的最大粗糙度。然而,在树脂表面的情况下,具有预定的最大高度粗糙度Rz的粗糙面可以容易地通过以下来形成:通过喷砂处理模具的表面或通过使模具的表面蚀刻并且将其转印至树脂表面,或者通过将通过使预定的表面粗糙化剂(细颗粒)分散在适当的溶剂中获得的处理液借助喷涂或浸渍或者通过使用旋涂器、棒涂器、辊涂器或凹版涂布器等涂布至树脂表面、接着干燥,或者通过将具有渗透性的添加剂添加至形成表面的树脂中。因而,在树脂表面的情况下,可以根据用途采用各种表面粗糙化手段。
作为外部添加至要粗糙化的树脂表面的表面粗糙化剂,可以使用平均二次粒径(通过激光衍射光散射法测量的以体积为基准的平均一次粒径)为4μm以下的细颗粒,例如,如氧化钛、氧化铝和二氧化硅等金属氧化物颗粒;如碳酸钙等碳酸盐;如炭黑等碳系细颗粒;和包括聚((甲基)丙烯酸甲酯)、聚乙烯和由聚有机倍半硅氧烷代表的硅酮颗粒的有机颗粒,其可以使用硅烷偶联剂或硅油来处理从而疏水化。即,如果使用具有大于上述范围的平均粒径的粗颗粒,则粗糙面得到大于期望范围的最大高度粗糙度Rz,并且变得难以形成显示出上述特异行为的液膜3。
进一步,如上所述,如果使用处理为疏水化的细颗粒,则可以稳定地形成油性液膜3。另一方面,如果使用未处理为疏水化的细颗粒,则可以良好地形成水性液膜3。
进一步,当表面粗糙化剂内部添加至形成表面的树脂中时,作为添加剂,可以使用与上述那些相同的细颗粒。尽管依赖于形成表面的树脂的种类,一般在涂料的情况下,添加剂的使用量相对于100质量份的树脂为0.1至100质量份,特别是,0.1至80质量份。在树脂组合物的情况下,从容易地形成具有上述最大高度粗糙度Rz的粗糙面而不损害树脂的成形性的观点,添加剂的使用量相对于100质量份的树脂为0.1至50质量份,特别是,0.1至30质量份。
将表面粗糙化剂的微细颗粒外部添加至树脂表面的手段或将表面粗糙化剂的微细颗粒内部添加至树脂中的手段具有它们的优点和缺点,并且可以根据表面所需的特性来选择使用。例如,通过使用外部添加表面粗糙化剂的手段,能够可靠地防止形成液膜3的液体浸透至树脂中,因此,液膜3的厚度可以长时间稳定地保持,然而,通常导致形成了液膜3的粗糙面部(细颗粒的层)很可能由于物理外力而剥落的此类麻烦。另一方面,通过使用内部添加表面粗糙化剂的手段,可以有效地避免如保持液膜3的粗糙面部脱落的此类不便,然而,伴随着形成液膜3的液体容易浸透至底层树脂以及液膜3的厚度经时降低的发生。因此,外部添加的手段或内部添加的手段具有优点和缺点。因此,建议的是,通过考虑根据用途的需要来采用任一手段。
进一步,可以根据要赋予至树脂结构体(树脂成形体1)的表面的表面特性来使用适宜的任意液体在粗糙面1上形成液膜3。当然,该液体必须是在大气压下具有小的蒸汽压的非挥发性液体,例如沸点为200℃以上的高沸点液体。这是因为如果使用挥发性液体,则液体容易挥发并且经时消失,使其难以形成液膜3。
可以具体地列举各种液体,条件是它们是如上所述的高沸点液体。特别是,如果液体具有与要滑落的物质的表面张力大大不同的表面张力,则液体显示出高的润滑效果,并且适用于本发明。
期望使用表面张力处于例如10至40mN/m,特别是,16至35mN/m的范围内的液体。代表的实例是液体石蜡、含氟系液体、含氟系表面活性剂、硅油、脂肪酸甘油三酯和各种植物油。作为植物油,可以优选使用大豆油、菜籽油、橄榄油、米糠油、玉米油、红花油、芝麻油、棕榈油、蓖麻油、鳄梨油、椰子油、杏仁油、核桃油、榛子油和色拉油。
进一步,任意树脂可以在不限制的情况下用于形成树脂表面,条件是其可以成形为满足结构体的用途的形状。然而,从适于用作如容器或盖子等包装材料的观点,期望使用热塑性树脂,例如,如低密度聚乙烯、直链低密度聚乙烯、中或高密度聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚(1-丁烯)和聚(4-甲基-1-戊烯)等烯烃系树脂;这些烯烃类的共聚树脂;和如聚(对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)、聚(萘二甲酸乙二醇酯)和聚(对苯二甲酸/间苯二甲酸乙二醇酯)等聚酯树脂。特别是,当结构体用作用于挤压出内容物的挤压容器时,期望使用如低密度聚乙烯或直链低密度聚乙烯等烯烃系树脂。
<结构体的形态>
具有上述表面结构的本发明的结构体可以直接使用。然而,通常,其用作还维持以上表面结构的、其上层叠其它材料层的多层结构体。例如,在具有用于支承液膜3的粗糙底面的表面树脂层的下侧,可以根据其形态而层叠有金属箔、玻璃、纸或任意其它树脂层。在制造此类层叠结构时,可以使用适当的粘接剂以提高对金属箔或对其它树脂层的粘接强度。
例如,作为金属箔,通常使用铝箔。使用铝的实施方案适于形成特别是口袋(pouches)。
进一步,当层叠玻璃层时,该实施方案适于如防止玻璃起雾、特别是防止水膜的附着的用途。
进一步,当层叠其它树脂层时,该实施方案适于用作如瓶、杯子等容器。其它树脂层将代表性地为如乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物等阻气性树脂的层、包含被氧化性聚合物和过渡金属催化剂的氧吸收层、或包含如成形时产生的毛边等废料的再生树脂层(reground resinlayer),所述其它树脂层特别地用作中间层。
在多层结构体中,内表面层(树脂表面层)和外表面层可以通过使用不同的树脂来形成。例如,内表面可以通过使用如低密度聚乙烯等烯烃系树脂来形成并且外表面可以通过使用如PET等聚酯树脂来形成。
单层或多层的结构体根据其形态可以通过已知成形方法如像浇铸法、T模法、压延法或吹胀法等膜成形法,或者通过如夹层层叠、共挤出成形、共注射成形、压缩成形或真空成形等已知手段而成形。例如,容器可以通过以下来成形:使片状、管状或试管状等形态的预制品成形,之后,将该预制品进行如吹塑成形或模塞助压成形(plug-assist forming)等二次成形。
上述本发明的结构体能够将液膜3的表面特性发挥至充分程度,并且最期望用作用于容纳特别是如番茄酱,水性糊剂,蜂蜜,各种调味汁类,蛋黄酱,芥末,调味品,果酱,巧克力糖浆,酸奶,如乳液等化妆液,液体洗涤剂,洗发水和染发剂等粘稠内容物的容器。即,液膜3根据内容物的种类通过使用适当的液体来形成。在将容器倾斜或倒立时,内容物能够迅速排出而不附着在容器的内壁上。
例如,番茄酱、各种调味汁类、蜂蜜、蛋黄酱、芥末、果酱、巧克力糖浆、酸奶、和乳液等是含有水的亲水性物质。因此,作为用于形成液膜3的液体,可以优选使用如硅油、脂肪酸甘油酯和食用油等已经准许为食品添加剂的油性液体。
实施例
现在将通过以下实施例来描述本发明。
以下描述了下述实施例中的各种特性、特性的测量方法和结构体的成形用树脂。
1.测量粗糙面的形状
通过使用原子间力显微镜(NanoScope III,Digital Instruments制造),测量通过后述方法形成在膜上的粗糙面在涂布有润滑液之前的表面状体。测量条件如下所述。
悬臂:共振频率f0=363至392kHz,
弹簧常数k=20至80N/m
测量模式:轻敲模式
扫描速度:0.250Hz
扫描范围:10μm×10μm
扫描线数:256
通过使用原子间力显微镜附带的软件(Nanoscope:version 5.30r2),从获得的三维形状的数据求得均方根粗糙度Rq和最大高度粗糙度Rz。均方根粗糙度Rq通过下式来给出,
其中,n是数据点数,Z(i)是方形数据点处的Z的值,Zave是全部Z值的平均值。
最大高度粗糙度Rz是全部数据点Z(i)的最大值与其最小值之间的差。进一步,在上述测量条件下,遍及50μm×50μm的扫描范围内进行测量。从获得的三维形状的数据,求得在10μm×10μm的范围内高度为0.7μm以上的突起的个数以及突起间的平均间隔。
2.测量滑落速度
从通过后述方法获得的膜中切出尺寸为30mm×150mm的试验片,并且将试验片以测量面(其上形成有液膜的表面)面向上的方式贴附至固定用夹具。在室温(20至25℃)下,夹具以30°的倾斜角倾斜,刻度设置在其背后,将6mg纯水放置在测量面上,并且每5秒拍摄一次图像。从获得的图像测量移动的距离,并且将变为常数的计算出的速度当作滑落速度。滑落速度的值越大,内容物的滑落性越优异。
以下示出的是用于制作粗糙面A、B和C的疏水性二氧化硅。
粗糙面A的制作
疏水性二氧化硅A(干式疏水性二氧化硅,平均二次粒径<1μm)
粗糙面B的制作
疏水性二氧化硅B(湿式疏水性二氧化硅,平均二次粒径2.8μm)
粗糙面C的制作
疏水性二氧化硅C(湿式疏水性二氧化硅,平均二次粒径8.3μm)
液膜通过使用以下润滑液来形成。
中链脂肪酸甘油三酯(MCT)
表面张力:28.8mN/m
粘度(25℃):33.8mPa·s
<实施例1>
称量0.5g疏水性二氧化硅A和9.5g乙醇并且放入小瓶中,并且通过使用搅拌器在其中搅拌30分钟。将获得的涂料通过使用棒涂机(#6)涂布至聚丙烯多层膜的聚丙烯表面侧,并且在室温下干燥,从而获得形成粗糙面A的膜(下文中,聚丙烯通常缩写为PP)。
从以上膜中切出尺寸为150mm×150mm的切片,并且将切片以粗糙面A面向上的方式设置在旋涂机的旋转台上。接下来,通过使用旋涂机(5000rpm,60秒),涂布作为润滑液的MCT。
从涂布MCT之前和之后的膜重量的变化计算出MCT的涂布量。从其中减去疏水性二氧化硅A的吸油量,从而求得液膜的厚度。进一步,测量膜的表面形状和滑落速度。然后计算出测量的液膜的厚度与最大高度粗糙度Rz的比。结果如表1所示。
<实施例2>
除了将旋涂机的涂布条件改变为3500rpm×60秒以外,以与实施例1相同的方式来制备其上形成有MCT膜的膜;并且测量制备的膜的表面形状和滑落速度。然后计算出测量的液膜的厚度与最大高度粗糙度Rz的比。结果如表1所示。
<实施例3>
除了将旋涂机的涂布条件改变为3000rpm×60秒以外,以与实施例1相同的方式来制备其上形成有MCT膜的膜;并且测量制备的膜的表面形状和滑落速度。然后计算出测量的液膜的厚度与最大高度粗糙度Rz的比。结果如表1所示。
<实施例4>
除了将旋涂机的涂布条件改变为2500rpm×60秒以外,以与实施例1相同的方式来制备其上形成有MCT膜的膜;并且测量制备的膜的表面形状和滑落速度。然后计算出测量的液膜的厚度与最大高度粗糙度Rz的比。结果如表1所示。
<实施例5>
除了使用疏水性二氧化硅B来代替疏水性二氧化硅A以外,以与实施例1相同的方式来制备膜;并且测量制备的膜的表面形状和滑落速度。然后计算出测量的液膜的厚度与最大高度粗糙度Rz的比。结果如表1所示。
<实施例6>
除了使用疏水性二氧化硅B来代替疏水性二氧化硅A以外,以与实施例2相同的方式来制备膜;并且测量制备的膜的表面形状和滑落速度。然后计算出测量的液膜的厚度与最大高度粗糙度Rz的比。结果如表1所示。
<实施例7>
除了使用疏水性二氧化硅B来代替疏水性二氧化硅A以外,以与实施例3相同的方式来制备膜;并且测量制备的膜的表面形状和滑落速度。然后计算出测量的液膜的厚度与最大高度粗糙度Rz的比。结果如表1所示。
<比较例1>
除了将旋涂机的涂布条件改变为1000rpm×60秒以外,以与实施例1相同的方式来制备其上形成有MCT膜的膜;并且测量制备的膜的表面形状和滑落速度。然后计算出测量的液膜的厚度与最大高度粗糙度Rz的比。结果如表1所示。
<比较例2>
除了将旋涂机的涂布条件改变为500rpm×60秒以外,以与实施例1相同的方式来制备其上形成有MCT膜的膜;并且测量制备的膜的表面形状和滑落速度。然后计算出测量的液膜的厚度与最大高度粗糙度Rz的比。结果如表1所示。
<比较例3>
除了使用疏水性二氧化硅B来代替疏水性二氧化硅A以外,以与实施例4相同的方式来制备膜;并且测量制备的膜的表面形状和滑落速度。然后计算出测量的液膜的厚度与最大高度粗糙度Rz的比。结果如表1所示。
<比较例4>
除了使用疏水性二氧化硅B来代替疏水性二氧化硅A以外,以与比较例1相同的方式来制备膜;并且测量制备的膜的表面形状和滑落速度。然后计算出测量的液膜的厚度与最大高度粗糙度Rz的比。结果如表1所示。
<比较例5>
除了使用疏水性二氧化硅B来代替疏水性二氧化硅A以外,以与比较例2相同的方式来制备膜;并且测量制备的膜的表面形状和滑落速度。然后计算出测量的液膜的厚度与最大高度粗糙度Rz的比。结果如表1所示。
<比较例6>
除了使用疏水性二氧化硅C来代替疏水性二氧化硅A以外,以与实施例1相同的方式来制备膜;并且测量制备的膜的表面形状和滑落速度。然后计算出测量的液膜的厚度与最大高度粗糙度Rz的比。结果如表1所示。
<比较例7>
除了使用疏水性二氧化硅C来代替疏水性二氧化硅A以外,以与实施例2相同的方式来制备膜;并且测量制备的膜的表面形状和滑落速度。然后计算出测量的液膜的厚度与最大高度粗糙度Rz的比。结果如表1所示。
<比较例8>
除了使用疏水性二氧化硅C来代替疏水性二氧化硅A以外,以与实施例3相同的方式来制备膜;并且测量制备的膜的表面形状和滑落速度。然后计算出测量的液膜的厚度与最大高度粗糙度Rz的比。结果如表1所示。
<比较例9>
除了使用疏水性二氧化硅C来代替疏水性二氧化硅A以外,以与实施例4相同的方式来制备膜;并且测量制备的膜的表面形状和滑落速度。然后计算出测量的液膜的厚度与最大高度粗糙度Rz的比。结果如表1所示。
<比较例10>
除了使用疏水性二氧化硅C来代替疏水性二氧化硅A以外,以与比较例1相同的方式来制备膜;并且测量制备的膜的表面形状和滑落速度。然后计算出测量的液膜的厚度与最大高度粗糙度Rz的比。结果如表1所示。
<比较例11>
除了使用疏水性二氧化硅C来代替疏水性二氧化硅A以外,以与比较例2相同的方式来制备膜;并且测量制备的膜的表面形状和滑落速度。然后计算出测量的液膜的厚度与最大高度粗糙度Rz的比。结果如表1所示。
<比较例12>
不使用疏水性二氧化硅。通过使用旋涂机(5000rpm,60秒),将MCT直接涂布至PP系多层膜的PP表面侧。从涂布MCT之前和之后的膜重量的变化求得MCT液膜的厚度。进一步,测量制备的膜的表面形状和滑落速度。然后计算出测量的液膜的厚度与最大高度粗糙度Rz的比。结果如表1所示。
<比较例13>
除了将旋涂机的涂布条件改变为3000rpm×60秒以外,以与实施例12相同的方式来制备其上形成有MCT膜的膜;并且测量制备的膜的表面形状和滑落速度。然后计算出测量的液膜的厚度与最大高度粗糙度Rz的比。结果如表1所示。
<比较例14>
除了将旋涂机的涂布条件改变为2000rpm×60秒以外,以与实施例12相同的方式来制备其上形成有MCT膜的膜;并且测量制备的膜的表面形状和滑落速度。然后计算出测量的液膜的厚度与最大高度粗糙度Rz的比。结果如表1所示。
<比较例15>
除了将旋涂机的涂布条件改变为1000rpm×60秒以外,以与实施例12相同的方式来制备其上形成有MCT膜的膜;并且测量制备的膜的表面形状和滑落速度。然后计算出测量的液膜的厚度与最大高度粗糙度Rz的比。结果如表1所示。
<比较例16>
除了将旋涂机的涂布条件改变为500rpm×60秒以外,以与实施例1相同的方式来制备其上形成有MCT膜的膜;并且测量制备的膜的表面形状和滑落速度。然后计算出测量的液膜的厚度与最大高度粗糙度Rz的比。结果如表1所示。
此处,表1使用以下缩写。
Ex:实施例
Com:比较例
P数:突起数
P间隔:突起间的平均间隔
[表1]
图2是示出测量的液膜的厚度与滑落速度之间的关系的图。当在最大高度粗糙度Rz在0.5至5.0μm的范围内的粗糙面A和B上形成液膜时,如果液膜的厚度处于0.1μm以上且小于3.4μm的范围内,则显示出滑落速度的极大峰,从其可知,与当相同厚度的液膜形成在平滑面上时相比,改善了滑落性。
进一步,在粗糙面A和B上,存在滑落速度的极大峰。然而,在Rz为大于5.0μm的粗糙面C上形成液膜的情况下,可知滑落速度的极大峰消失。
因此,从以上结果可知,在将表面粗糙化至一定程度时,尽管液膜具有非常薄的厚度,也获得高水平的滑落性。
附图标记说明
1:结构体的表面(粗糙面部)
3:液膜
h:液膜厚度
Claims (10)
1.一种结构体,在其表面上形成最大高度粗糙度Rz在0.5至5.0μm的范围内的粗糙面部,并且在所述粗糙面部上形成厚度在0.1μm以上且小于3.4μm的范围内的液膜。
2.根据权利要求1所述的结构体,其中所述液膜的厚度在所述最大高度粗糙度Rz的10%至170%的范围内。
3.根据权利要求1所述的结构体,其中所述粗糙面部的均方根粗糙度Rq在50至600nm的范围内。
4.根据权利要求1所述的结构体,其中在所述粗糙面部上,观察到保持平均30μm以下的间隔的高度为0.7μm以上的突起。
5.根据权利要求1所述的结构体,其中所述粗糙面部通过将细颗粒附着至塑料材料的表面上来形成。
6.根据权利要求5所述的结构体,其中所述细颗粒是二氧化硅颗粒。
7.根据权利要求1所述的结构体,其中所述液膜通过使用表面张力为10至40mN/m的液体来形成。
8.根据权利要求7所述的结构体,其中所述液体是液体石蜡或食用油。
9.根据权利要求1所述的结构体,其中所述结构体用作包装材料。
10.根据权利要求1所述的结构体,其中当将其上放置有6mg纯水的所述结构体以30°的倾斜角倾斜时,所述纯水的滑落速度大于当相同厚度的液膜形成在表面尚未粗糙化的结构体上时的滑落速度。
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