CN106638008B - 一种cpu/tpu复合合成革的清洁生产方法 - Google Patents

一种cpu/tpu复合合成革的清洁生产方法 Download PDF

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CN106638008B
CN106638008B CN201710047762.0A CN201710047762A CN106638008B CN 106638008 B CN106638008 B CN 106638008B CN 201710047762 A CN201710047762 A CN 201710047762A CN 106638008 B CN106638008 B CN 106638008B
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cpu
surface layer
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马兴元
赵昭
丁博
段月
张铭芮
刘帅
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Shaanxi University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

一种CPU/TPU复合合成革的清洁生产方法,采用干法合成革生产线,在基布上刮涂无溶剂浇注型聚氨酯发泡浆料,加热熟化后得到CPU发泡贝斯;采用压延生产线,将面层物料加入捏合机,经捏合工序后进入密炼机,经密炼工序后进入塑炼机,经塑炼工序后进入压延机,压延成面层薄膜,再与CPU发泡贝斯贴合,进行压花或吸纹,冷却后卷取,得到CUP/TPU复合合成革。本发明的工艺中不使用任何有机溶剂,没有任何溶剂污染;所述的工艺操作简单,工艺稳定;所得的产品力学性能优异,质量良好;产品能够集合CPU合成革和TPU合成革的优点,避免了二者的缺点。

Description

一种CPU/TPU复合合成革的清洁生产方法
技术领域
本发明涉及合成革的生产方法,特别涉及一种CPU/TPU复合合成革的清洁生产方法。
背景技术
合成革工业的主要产品包括人造革、合成革和超细纤维合成革,这些产品都是模拟天然皮革的组织结构和使用性能,并可作为天然皮革代用品的复合材料。通常情况下,大多以聚氨酯(PU)和聚氯乙烯(PVC)微孔涂层,模拟天然皮革的粒面层,以无纺布或纺织布为基材的模拟天然皮革的网状层。在通常的分类中,以纺织布为基材的称为人造革,以无纺布为基材的称为合成革,以超细纤维基布为基材的称为超细纤维合成革,这些广泛用于制作鞋、靴、箱包和球类等。从产量来看,我国塑料人造合、合成革产量从2009年的184.82万吨增长到2015年的343.8万吨,复合增长率达10.9%。但是近年来国内环保要求更加严格,重污染合成革产业发展受到限制,行业竞争日益激烈。从产品的性能要求来看,聚氨酯(PU)和聚氯乙烯(PVC)微孔涂层通常由不发泡的面层和发泡的下层构成,不发泡的面层能够满足产品表面的耐磨、抗划伤等使用性能要求,而发泡的下层能够满足产品柔软丰满的手感要求。因此,从技术角度来看,合成革涂层的技术主要包括面层技术和发泡层技术两个方面。
目前,PU合成革生产过程中,均采用有机溶剂型的PU树脂作为生产革制品发泡层和面层的基本原料,这种类型的PU树脂均通过甲苯、丁酮(MEK)和二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)等作为主要溶剂以溶剂聚合法制得。这些占整个树脂成分60%以上的有机溶剂基本上都是有害物质,而且对人体造成的危害是多方面的。其中,丁酮、丙酮和二甲基甲酰胺等溶剂都有相当大的毒副作用。合成革生产中用量最大的二甲基甲酰胺,对皮肤、眼部粘膜有强刺激性,吸入高浓度气体时,会刺激咽部引起恶心,经常接触,经皮肤侵入,会导致肝功能障碍;而且过多的吸入以上溶剂对女性孕育下一代将产生严重的负面影响。
另一方面,PVC人造革的生产中,塑化剂的添加量超过30%以上,相较于PVC的巨大分子量而言,塑化剂属于高度自由的小分子,随着时间变化PVC分子必定排挤塑化剂,造成塑化剂在PVC人造革的表面迁移。PVC塑化剂以邻苯二甲酸酯(Phthalate)系列为主,其使用量在占塑化剂的80%以上,而DOP、DEHP使用量超多60%。美国环保署的警告显示,塑化剂影响生殖与发育,也就是所谓的“环境荷尔蒙”,对发育中的男性生殖系统有很大的影响,其中幼儿所受的威胁要较成人更高。而且,PVC本身光热安定性不佳,生产PVC人造革时需要混入大量的重金属盐类稳定剂(包含铅、镉、锌、钡、锡)防止PVC降解。研究报告指出35℃以上甚至常温中PVC人造革中的氯离子会微量游离(0.1~10ppm),而氯离子也是一种自由基,过往在PVC材料依靠稳定剂进行氯离子的捕捉,也就是说,PVC人造革在降解的过程中,无时无刻都在释放酸性气体HCl。
综上所述,无论是PU合成革或PVC人造革,都存在着环境污染或产品安全问题,依据目前的发展趋势,研究清洁化的生产工艺,生产环境友好型的聚氨酯合成革是一个必然的趋势。目前,研究和开发的清洁技术主要包括三个方面,即:水性聚氨酯合成革技术、无溶剂浇注型聚氨酯合(CPU)成革技术和热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)合成革技术。其中,以TPU为主要原料,采用压延法生产TPU合成革,生产中不需要任何溶剂,也不需要加入任何塑化剂,是一种非常环保的生产技术,而且成品革力学性能非常优异。但是目前的TPU合成革和CPU合成革存在以下问题:其一,用于合成革生产的TPU可选的硬度范围通常95A~65A之间(邵尔A硬度计测定),没有低于65A的工业化TPU树脂,也就是说,要生产手感很软的TPU合成革,没有可选的TPU树脂,难以生产出柔软丰满的发泡层;其二,对于CPU合成革而言,由于反应会发泡,难以作为合成革的面层材料,目前,单纯的CPU合成革仍然采用溶剂型的面层树脂,但是CPU发泡涂层具有柔软丰满的手感。
发明内容
基于以上的技术背景,本发明无溶剂浇注型聚氨酯(CPU)发泡贝斯为基材,贴合热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)面层得到的一种新型的合成革。这种合成革生产中不使用任何有机溶剂,没有任何溶剂污染;工艺操作简单稳定;所得的产品力学性能优异,质量良好;产品能够集合CPU发泡涂层柔软的手感和TPU面层优异的力学性能,避免了CPU合成革溶剂型面层的污染,以及TPU发泡涂层手感僵硬的缺陷,具有很好的创新性。
为达到上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种CPU/TPU复合合成革的清洁生产方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)采用干法合成革生产线,在基布上刮涂无溶剂浇注型聚氨酯发泡浆料,加热熟化后得到CPU发泡贝斯;
(2)采用压延生产线,将面层物料加入捏合机,经捏合工序后进入密炼机,经密炼工序后进入塑炼机,经塑炼工序后进入压延机,压延成面层薄膜,再与CPU发泡贝斯贴合,进行压花或吸纹,冷却后卷取,得到CUP/TPU复合合成革。
本发明进一步的改进在于,所述的无溶剂浇注型聚氨酯发泡浆料通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,在反应釜中加入相对分子质量为2000的聚合物二醇60~70份、液化二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯8~10份以及N-乙基吗啉0.2~0.4份,混合后连续搅拌10min~15min。
本发明进一步的改进在于,聚合物二醇为聚酯二元醇或聚醚二元醇。
本发明进一步的改进在于,所述聚酯二元醇为聚己二酸聚酯二元醇或聚己内酯二元醇;所述聚醚二元醇为聚四氢呋喃醚二醇。
本发明进一步的改进在于,所述的CPU发泡贝斯的具体制备工艺为:采用干法合成革生产线,将无溶剂浇注型聚氨酯发泡浆料刮涂在基布上,控制涂层厚度为0.5mm~1.0mm,然后进入烘箱干燥,控制烘箱温度为110℃~140℃,使CPU彻底熟化后得到CPU发泡贝斯。
本发明进一步的改进在于,所述的面层物料以质量份数计,包括TPU 100份,粉状碳酸钙填料20~100份,色粉1~5份,季戊四醇亚磷酸酯0.05~0.1份,聚碳化二亚胺0.1~0.5份以及聚四氟乙烯微粉0.2~1.5份。
本发明进一步的改进在于,步骤(2)中所述捏合工序的技术条件为:将面层物料投入到高速捏合机中搅拌5min~10min,当物料温度至90℃~100℃时,放料。
本发明进一步的改进在于,所述密炼工序的技术条件为:将捏合后的物料放入密炼机中,以15~20℃/min的升温速率升温至110℃~170℃下密炼3min~5min。
本发明进一步的改进在于,所述塑炼工序的技术条件为:将密炼后的物料放入塑炼机中,以15~20℃/min的升温速率升温至130℃~170℃下塑炼5min~10min。
本发明进一步的改进在于,所述压延工序的技术条件为:塑炼后的物料进入压延机,面层薄膜的厚度为0.1mm~1.5mm,压延温度为130℃~175℃;
所述的基布是无纺布、针织布或机织布。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有的有益效果:本发明以无溶剂浇注型聚氨酯(CPU)发泡贝斯为基材,贴合热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)面层得到的一种新型的合成革。生产中不使用任何有机溶剂,没有任何溶剂污染;工艺操作简单稳定;所得的产品力学性能优异,质量良好;产品能够集合CPU发泡涂层柔软的手感和TPU面层优异的力学性能,避免了CPU合成革面层的污染,以及TPU发泡涂层手感僵硬的缺陷。
本发明和目前的技术相比有以下的特点和优势。
(1)CUP/TPU复合合成革工艺中不使用任何有机溶剂,没有任何溶剂污染,是一种完全清洁的生产工艺。
(2)CUP/TPU复合合成革工艺操作简单,生产效率高,生产效率高达42米/每分钟,并且工艺稳定。
(3)CUP/TPU复合合成革产品不含任何塑化剂和重金属,完全符合欧盟的相关标准。
(4)CUP/TPU复合合成革产品VOC(可挥发性有机物)更低,能满足汽车内饰的要求。
(5)产品能够集合CPU发泡涂层柔软的手感和TPU面层优异的力学性能,避免了CPU合成革溶剂型面层的污染,以及TPU发泡涂层手感僵硬的缺陷。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明,但本发明并不只限于这些例子。
本发明中的色粉为一类着色剂。
实施例1
一种CPU/TPU复合合成革的清洁生产方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)采用干法合成革生产线,将无溶剂浇注型聚氨酯发泡浆料刮涂在无纺布上,控制涂层厚度为0.5mm,然后进入烘箱干燥,控制烘箱温度为140℃,使CPU彻底熟化后得到CPU发泡贝斯。
其中,无溶剂浇注型聚氨酯发泡浆料通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,在反应釜中加入相对分子质量为2000的聚合物二醇60份、液化二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯8份以及N-乙基吗啉0.2份,混合后连续搅拌10min,即可使用。
聚合物二醇为聚己二酸聚酯二元醇。
(2)采用压延生产线,将面层物料投入到高速捏合机中搅拌5min,当物料温度至90℃时,放料后进入密炼机,以15℃/min的升温速率升温至110℃下密炼5min后进入塑炼机,以15℃/min的升温速率升温至130℃下塑炼10min后进入压延机,压延成面层薄膜,面层薄膜的厚度为0.1mm,压延温度为130℃;再将面层薄膜与CPU发泡贝斯贴合,进行压花或吸纹,冷却后卷取,得到CUP/TPU复合合成革。
其中,面层物料以质量份数计,包括TPU 100份,粉状碳酸钙填料20份,色粉2份,季戊四醇亚磷酸酯0.05份,聚碳化二亚胺0.1份以及聚四氟乙烯微粉0.2份。
实施例2
一种CPU/TPU复合合成革的清洁生产方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)采用干法合成革生产线,将无溶剂浇注型聚氨酯发泡浆料刮涂在针织布上,控制涂层厚度为0.6mm,然后进入烘箱干燥,控制烘箱温度为110℃,使CPU彻底熟化后得到CPU发泡贝斯。
其中,无溶剂浇注型聚氨酯发泡浆料通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,在反应釜中加入相对分子质量为2000的聚合物二醇70份、液化二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯10份以及N-乙基吗啉0.3份,混合后连续搅拌15min,即可使用。
聚合物二醇为聚己内酯二元醇;
(2)采用压延生产线,将面层物料投入到高速捏合机中搅拌8min,当物料温度至100℃时,放料后进入密炼机,以20℃/min的升温速率升温至170℃下密炼3min后进入塑炼机,以20℃/min的升温速率升温至140℃下塑炼8min后进入压延机,压延成面层薄膜,面层薄膜的厚度为0.8mm,压延温度为175℃;再将面层薄膜与CPU发泡贝斯贴合,进行压花或吸纹,冷却后卷取,得到CUP/TPU复合合成革。
其中,面层物料以质量份数计,包括TPU 100份,粉状碳酸钙填料100份,色粉3份,季戊四醇亚磷酸酯0.05份,聚碳化二亚胺0.2份以及聚四氟乙烯微粉0.8份。
实施例3
一种CPU/TPU复合合成革的清洁生产方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)采用干法合成革生产线,将无溶剂浇注型聚氨酯发泡浆料刮涂在机织布上,控制涂层厚度为0.8mm,然后进入烘箱干燥,控制烘箱温度为120℃,使CPU彻底熟化后得到CPU发泡贝斯。
其中,无溶剂浇注型聚氨酯发泡浆料通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,在反应釜中加入相对分子质量为2000的聚合物二醇65份、液化二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯9份以及N-乙基吗啉0.4份,混合后连续搅拌12min,即可使用。
聚合物二醇为聚四氢呋喃醚二醇;
(2)采用压延生产线,将面层物料投入到高速捏合机中搅拌10min,当物料温度至95℃时,放料后进入密炼机,以18℃/min的升温速率升温至150℃下密炼4min后进入塑炼机,以17℃/min的升温速率升温至160℃下塑炼6min后进入压延机,压延成面层薄膜,面层薄膜的厚度为1.1mm,压延温度为140℃;再将面层薄膜与CPU发泡贝斯贴合,进行压花或吸纹,冷却后卷取,得到CUP/TPU复合合成革。
其中,面层物料以质量份数计,包括TPU 100份,粉状碳酸钙填料50份,色粉1份,季戊四醇亚磷酸酯0.08份,聚碳化二亚胺0.4份以及聚四氟乙烯微粉1.5份。
实施例4
一种CPU/TPU复合合成革的清洁生产方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)采用干法合成革生产线,将无溶剂浇注型聚氨酯发泡浆料刮涂在针织布上,控制涂层厚度为1mm,然后进入烘箱干燥,控制烘箱温度为130℃,使CPU彻底熟化后得到CPU发泡贝斯。
其中,无溶剂浇注型聚氨酯发泡浆料通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,在反应釜中加入相对分子质量为2000的聚合物二醇68份、液化二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯10份以及N-乙基吗啉0.2份,混合后连续搅拌10min,即可使用。
聚合物二醇为聚己二酸聚酯二元醇;
(2)采用压延生产线,将面层物料投入到高速捏合机中搅拌5min,当物料温度至92℃时,放料后进入密炼机,以20℃/min的升温速率升温至130℃下密炼4min后进入塑炼机,以19℃/min的升温速率升温至170℃下塑炼5min后进入压延机,压延成面层薄膜,面层薄膜的厚度为1.5mm,压延温度为160℃;再将面层薄膜与CPU发泡贝斯贴合,进行压花或吸纹,冷却后卷取,得到CUP/TPU复合合成革。
其中,面层物料以质量份数计,包括TPU 100份,粉状碳酸钙填料70份,色粉5份,季戊四醇亚磷酸酯0.1份,聚碳化二亚胺0.5份以及聚四氟乙烯微粉份。
本发明的工艺中不使用任何有机溶剂,没有任何溶剂污染;所述的工艺操作简单,工艺稳定;所得的产品力学性能优异,质量良好;产品能够集合CPU合成革和TPU合成革的优点,避免了二者的缺点。

Claims (9)

1.一种CPU/TPU复合合成革的清洁生产方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)采用干法合成革生产线,在基布上刮涂无溶剂浇注型聚氨酯发泡浆料,加热熟化后得到CPU发泡贝斯;
(2)采用压延生产线,将面层物料加入捏合机,经捏合工序后进入密炼机,经密炼工序后进入塑炼机,经塑炼工序后进入压延机,压延成面层薄膜,再与CPU发泡贝斯贴合,进行压花或吸纹,冷却后卷取,得到CPU/TPU复合合成革;其中,所述的面层物料以质量份数计,包括TPU 100份,粉状碳酸钙填料20~100份,色粉1~5份,季戊四醇亚磷酸酯0.05~0.1份,聚碳化二亚胺0.1~0.5份以及聚四氟乙烯微粉0.2~1.5份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种CPU/TPU复合合成革的清洁生产方法,其特征在于,所述的无溶剂浇注型聚氨酯发泡浆料通过以下过程制得:以重量份数计,在反应釜中加入相对分子质量为2000的聚合物二醇60~70份、液化二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯8~10份以及N-乙基吗啉0.2~0.4份,混合后连续搅拌10min~15min。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种CPU/TPU复合合成革的清洁生产方法,其特征在于,聚合物二醇为聚酯二元醇或聚醚二元醇。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种CPU/TPU复合合成革的清洁生产方法,其特征在于,所述聚酯二元醇为聚己二酸聚酯二元醇或聚己内酯二元醇;所述聚醚二元醇为聚四氢呋喃醚二醇。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种CPU/TPU复合合成革的清洁生产方法,其特征在于,所述的CPU发泡贝斯的具体制备工艺为:采用干法合成革生产线,将无溶剂浇注型聚氨酯发泡浆料刮涂在基布上,控制涂层厚度为0.5mm~1.0mm,然后进入烘箱干燥,控制烘箱温度为110℃~140℃,使CPU彻底熟化后得到CPU发泡贝斯。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种CPU/TPU复合合成革的清洁生产方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述捏合工序的技术条件为:将面层物料投入到高速捏合机中搅拌5min~10min,当物料温度至90℃~100℃时,放料。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种CPU/TPU复合合成革的清洁生产方法,其特征在于,所述密炼工序的技术条件为:将捏合后的物料放入密炼机中,以15~20℃/min的升温速率升温至110℃~170℃下密炼3min~5min。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种CPU/TPU复合合成革的清洁生产方法,其特征在于,所述塑炼工序的技术条件为:将密炼后的物料放入塑炼机中,以15~20℃/min的升温速率升温至130℃~170℃下塑炼5min~10min。
9.根据权利要求1所述的一种CPU/TPU复合合成革的清洁生产方法,其特征在于,所述压延工序的技术条件为:塑炼后的物料进入压延机,面层薄膜的厚度为0.1mm~1.5mm,压延温度为130℃~175℃;
所述的基布是无纺布、针织布或机织布。
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