CN106637917A - 一种制取具有阻燃性天然纤维的方法 - Google Patents

一种制取具有阻燃性天然纤维的方法 Download PDF

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CN106637917A
CN106637917A CN201610931318.0A CN201610931318A CN106637917A CN 106637917 A CN106637917 A CN 106637917A CN 201610931318 A CN201610931318 A CN 201610931318A CN 106637917 A CN106637917 A CN 106637917A
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蒋欣
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Anqing Wancao Qianmu Agricultural Science and Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种制取具有阻燃性天然纤维的方法，包括依序进行的浸泡、剥皮、搓洗、分丝工序，分丝后将葛藤皮纤维在阻燃整理液中进行浸泡，浸泡后取出进行挤压脱液，脱液后在烘箱内烘干。阻燃整理液的组分组成为：硼酸、磷酸酯阻燃剂、多聚胺、CWS阳离子型柔软剂、次亚磷酸钠、氯化镁、水。上述阻燃整理液对葛藤纤维进行处理后，葛藤纤维的阻燃性得到显著提高。按照国标GB5454‑85对阻燃整理液处理后的葛藤皮纤维制成的织物进行检测，极限氧指数可达28～30，且耐水洗性能优异。

Description

一种制取具有阻燃性天然纤维的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及天然纤维生产领域，具体涉及一种制取具有阻燃性天然纤维的方法。
背景技术
天然纤维的利用历史悠久，其具有合成纤维无可比拟的优越性，但是天然纤维的获取工序复杂、大多采用人工操作，因此生产成本高，目前主要用于一些高档的面料、包装奢饰品的线绳或者编织品。获取天然纤维的原料主要为棉、麻、葛。其中葛是指葛藤，葛藤纤维比其他纤维的柔顺性都要优越，因此近年来被广泛的关注，目前，葛藤纤维的获取工艺主要是将采收的葛藤条进行浸泡、剥皮、搓洗、分丝、晾干等操作。其中葛藤条的浸泡是将藤条浸泡在营养液中，通过微生物对葛藤条中的果胶进行分解处理，但是采用果胶酶分解处理时，也会对葛藤纤维产生一定的侵蚀，使得制得葛藤纤维的强度与预期的强度产生一定的差异。传统工艺中也有通过调节延缓发酵速率来提高纤维韧性的方案，但是效果均有限或者不太理想。另外天然纤维的阻燃性能差，难以满足不同使用场合的需求。
发明内容
本发明的目的就是提供一种制取具有阻燃性天然纤维的方法，制取的纤维具有阻燃性。
一种制取具有阻燃性天然纤维的方法，包括依序进行的浸泡、剥皮、搓洗、分丝工序，其特征在于：分丝后将葛藤皮纤维在阻燃整理液中进行浸泡，浸泡后取出进行挤压脱液，脱液后在烘箱内烘干。
进一步的：
脱液后在120～130℃烘箱内烘干。
阻燃整理液由阻燃剂、交联剂、柔软剂和助剂组成；
阻燃剂可以为磷系阻燃剂、硼系阻燃剂、硅系阻燃剂中的一种或几种组成；交联剂、助剂的选取，主要参照阻燃剂的选取而进行选择。优选的阻燃剂为硼酸和磷酸酯阻燃剂，磷酸酯阻燃剂为磷酸和季戊四醇反应得到，柔软剂为CWS阳离子型柔软剂(改性聚硅酮)。
优选选用如下配方的阻燃整理液对葛藤皮纤维进行处理，阻燃整理液的组分组成为：硼酸、磷酸酯阻燃剂、多聚胺、CWS阳离子型柔软剂、次亚磷酸钠、氯化镁、水。其中硼酸的含量为35～40g/L、磷酸酯阻燃剂的含量为50～55g/L、多聚胺的含量为150～155g/L、CWS阳离子型柔软剂3～3.5g/L、次亚磷酸钠32～35g/L、氯化镁3～4g/L。
葛藤皮纤维在阻燃整理液中浸泡时间为3～4h，阻燃整理液的温度为35～40℃。
上述阻燃整理液对葛藤纤维进行处理后，葛藤纤维的阻燃性得到显著提高。按照国标GB5454-85对阻燃整理液处理后的葛藤皮纤维制成的织物进行检测，极限氧指数可达28～30，且耐水洗性能优异。
本发明另外还采用以下方案增加葛藤纤维的韧性强度：
浸泡工序包括依序进行的一级浸泡、酸浸、水洗以及二级浸泡操作，其中：
一级浸泡操作为在浸泡槽中通过微生物对葛藤条中的果胶进行分解，浸泡槽的槽液中加有单宁；
酸浸操作为将一级浸泡后的葛藤条取出置于稀盐酸溶液中进行浸泡；
水洗操作为将酸浸后的葛藤条用水进行清洗，二级浸泡操作为将水洗后的葛藤条放回浸泡槽中通过微生物对葛藤条中存留的能够被分解的果胶进行完全分解。
由于单宁的含量过多会对微生物水解果胶产生影响，因此控制浸泡槽的槽液中单宁的含量为0.4～0.6g/L。稀盐酸的浓度过高也会酸蚀葛根纤维，因此控制稀盐酸溶液的PH为4～5。
单宁可为水解单宁或者缩合单宁，优选多聚缩合单宁(多聚缩合单宁是指单体数大于3的缩合单宁)，其与蛋白质的结合更为稳定。
本发明的中核心理念是将原有的浸泡操作分为两段进行，葛藤皮中含有微量的植物蛋白，通过在一级浸泡操作中加入单宁，单宁与植物蛋白相结合生成单宁蛋白物，阻碍微生物对这些少量存在的植物蛋白进行酶解；另外在两段浸泡操作中引入了酸浸操作和水洗操作，酸浸操作中的盐酸会与单宁蛋白物、胶质物形成不被微生物分解的粘稠物质，这些粘稠物质附着在葛根纤维上，对葛根纤维起到粘结的作用，使得葛根纤维能够一定的粘结在一起，从而增强葛根纤维韧性的作用，韧性强度可相对于传统工艺提高0.82～1.03％。水洗操作是将葛藤条上多余的盐酸洗去，避免对二次浸泡操作的影响。
酸浸操作的时间不宜过长，一般控制时间为1～2h；两段浸泡操作的分隔以果胶分解率作为参照进行分割，一般果胶分解了60％左右即可完成一级浸泡操作开始进行酸浸。例如按照一级浸泡操作的时间为10～11d，二级浸泡操作的时间为3～4d进行操作。
剥皮操作为将二级浸泡操作后的葛藤条用水清洗，然后将葛藤条上皮剥下；搓洗操作为将剥离的葛藤皮放在搓衣板上进行搓洗，去除葛藤皮上表壳和剔除木质的小棒；分丝是采用分丝梳对葛藤皮纤维进行分丝，分丝后在挂丝架上晾干，晾干后依据葛藤皮纤维丝的长度进行分拣，将分拣的葛藤皮纤维用作其他生产的原料。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明的目的及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例对本发明进行具体说明。应当理解，以下文字仅仅用以描述本发明的一种或几种具体的实施方式，并不对本发明具体请求的保护范围进行严格限定。
本发明是在传统葛藤纤维生产工艺的基础上进行的改进，除去特别说明的工序外，各工序的操作均与传统生产工艺保持一致，保持一致是指处理的时间、温度以及所用处理剂的组分、组分含量均与传统工艺保持一致。本发明中浸泡槽的槽液除多加有单宁组分外，槽液的其他组分及含量均与传统工艺保持一致。
实施例1
称取尿素、磷酸一铵、单宁配制浸泡槽的槽液，浸泡槽的槽液中尿素含量为1.6g/L的尿素、磷酸一铵的含量为2.4g/L、单宁的含量为0.6g/L，然后将浸泡槽的槽液注入浸泡槽内，在浸泡槽内接种用于分解果胶的菌种。
将葛藤条切段绑扎成捆，先将葛藤条在浸泡槽中浸泡10d，一级浸泡后取出葛藤条置于PH为5的稀盐酸溶液中浸泡2h，酸浸后的取出葛藤条用水进行清洗，然后再将葛藤条放回浸泡槽中浸泡4d，使得微生物对葛藤条中存留的能够被分解的果胶进行完全分解。
二级浸泡操作后的葛藤条用水清洗，然后将葛藤条上皮剥下；将剥离的葛藤皮放在搓衣板上进行搓洗，去除葛藤皮上的表壳和剔除木质的小棒；采用分丝梳对葛藤皮纤维进行分丝，分丝后在挂丝架上晾干，晾干后依据葛藤皮纤维丝的长度进行分拣，分拣的葛藤皮纤维用作其他生产的原料。
实施例2
称取尿素、磷酸一铵、单宁配制浸泡槽的槽液，浸泡槽的槽液中尿素含量为1.6g/L的尿素、磷酸一铵的含量为2.4g/L、单宁的含量为0.4g/L，然后将浸泡槽的槽液注入浸泡槽内，在浸泡槽内接种用于分解果胶的菌种。
称取硼酸、磷酸酯阻燃剂、多聚胺、CWS阳离子型柔软剂、次亚磷酸钠、氯化镁配制阻燃整理液，阻燃整理液中各组分的含量为：硼酸的含量为35g/L、磷酸酯阻燃剂的含量为55g/L、多聚胺的含量为150g/L、CWS阳离子型柔软剂3.5g/L、次亚磷酸钠32g/L、氯化镁5g/L。
将葛藤条切段绑扎成捆，先将葛藤条在浸泡槽中浸泡11d，一级浸泡后取出葛藤条置于PH为4的稀盐酸溶液中浸泡1h，酸浸后的取出葛藤条用水进行清洗，然后再将葛藤条放回浸泡槽中浸泡3d，使得微生物对葛藤条中存留的能够被分解的果胶进行完全分解。
二级浸泡操作后的葛藤条用水清洗，然后将葛藤条上皮剥下；将剥离的葛藤皮放在搓衣板上进行搓洗，去除葛藤皮上表壳和剔除木质的小棒；采用分丝梳对葛藤皮纤维进行分丝。
分丝后将葛藤皮纤维在阻燃整理液中浸泡3h，控制阻燃整理液的温度为40℃，浸泡后取出进行挤压脱液，脱液后再在120℃烘箱内烘干。烘干后依据葛藤皮纤维丝的长度进行分拣，分拣的葛藤皮纤维用作其他生产的原料。
实施例3
称取尿素、磷酸一铵、单宁配制浸泡槽的槽液，浸泡槽的槽液中尿素含量为1.6g/L的尿素、磷酸一铵的含量为2.4g/L、单宁的含量为0.5g/L，然后将浸泡槽的槽液注入浸泡槽内，在浸泡槽内接种用于分解果胶的菌种。
称取硼酸、磷酸酯阻燃剂、多聚胺、CWS阳离子型柔软剂、次亚磷酸钠、氯化镁配制阻燃整理液，阻燃整理液中各组分的含量为：硼酸的含量为40g/L、磷酸酯阻燃剂的含量为50g/L、多聚胺的含量为155g/L、CWS阳离子型柔软剂3g/L、次亚磷酸钠35g/L、氯化镁4g/L。
将葛藤条切段绑扎成捆，先将葛藤条在浸泡槽中浸泡10d，一级浸泡后取出葛藤条置于PH为4的稀盐酸溶液中浸泡1.5h，酸浸后的取出葛藤条用水进行清洗，然后再将葛藤条放回浸泡槽中浸泡3d，使得微生物对葛藤条中存留的能够被分解的果胶进行完全分解。只有单宁和盐酸共同作用于蛋白和果胶时才能够产生不被微生物分解的粘稠物质，亦即说两者缺一不可。
二级浸泡操作后的葛藤条用水清洗，然后将葛藤条上皮剥下；将剥离的葛藤皮放在搓衣板上进行搓洗，去除葛藤皮上表壳和剔除木质的小棒；采用分丝梳对葛藤皮纤维进行分丝。
分丝后将葛藤皮纤维在阻燃整理液中浸泡4h，控制阻燃整理液的温度为35℃，浸泡后取出进行挤压脱液，脱液后再在130℃烘箱内烘干。烘干后依据葛藤皮纤维丝的长度进行分拣，分拣的葛藤皮纤维用作其他生产的原料。
实施例4
称取尿素、磷酸一铵、单宁配制浸泡槽的槽液，浸泡槽的槽液中尿素含量为1.6g/L的尿素、磷酸一铵的含量为2.4g/L、单宁的含量为0.5g/L，然后将浸泡槽的槽液注入浸泡槽内，在浸泡槽内接种用于分解果胶的菌种。
称取硼酸、磷酸酯阻燃剂、多聚胺、CWS阳离子型柔软剂、次亚磷酸钠、氯化镁配制阻燃整理液，阻燃整理液中各组分的含量为：硼酸的含量为38g/L、磷酸酯阻燃剂的含量为52g/L、多聚胺的含量为152g/L、CWS阳离子型柔软剂3g/L、次亚磷酸钠32g/L、氯化镁4.2g/L。
将葛藤条切段绑扎成捆，先将葛藤条在浸泡槽中浸泡11d，一级浸泡后取出葛藤条置于PH为5的稀盐酸溶液中浸泡2h，酸浸后的取出葛藤条用水进行清洗，然后再将葛藤条放回浸泡槽中浸泡3d，使得微生物对葛藤条中存留的能够被分解的果胶进行完全分解。
二级浸泡操作后的葛藤条用水清洗，然后将葛藤条上皮剥下；将剥离的葛藤皮放在搓衣板上进行搓洗，去除葛藤皮上表壳和剔除木质的小棒；采用分丝梳对葛藤皮纤维进行分丝。
分丝后将葛藤皮纤维在阻燃整理液中浸泡4h，控制阻燃整理液的温度为35℃，浸泡后取出进行挤压脱液，脱液后再在130℃烘箱内烘干。烘干后依据葛藤皮纤维丝的长度进行分拣，分拣的葛藤皮纤维用作其他生产的原料。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式，应当指出，对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说，在获知本发明中记载内容后，在不脱离本发明原理的前提下，还可以对其作出若干同等变换和替代，这些同等变换和替代也应视为属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种制取具有阻燃性天然纤维的方法，包括依序进行的浸泡、剥皮、搓洗、分丝工序，其特征在于：分丝后将葛藤皮纤维在阻燃整理液中进行浸泡，浸泡后取出进行挤压脱液，脱液后在烘箱内烘干。
2.根据权利要求1所述的制取具有阻燃性天然纤维的方法，其特征在于：阻燃整理液由阻燃剂、交联剂、柔软剂和助剂组成。
3.根据权利要求1所述的制取具有阻燃性天然纤维的方法，其特征在于：阻燃剂可以为磷系阻燃剂、硼系阻燃剂、硅系阻燃剂中的一种或几种组成。
4.根据权利要求3所述的制取具有阻燃性天然纤维的方法，其特征在于：阻燃剂为硼酸和磷酸酯阻燃剂组成。
5.根据权利要求2所述的制取具有阻燃性天然纤维的方法，其特征在于：柔剂为CWS阳离子型柔软剂。
6.根据权利要求2所述的制取具有阻燃性天然纤维的方法，其特征在于，阻燃整理液的组分组成为：硼酸、磷酸酯阻燃剂、多聚胺、CWS阳离子型柔软剂、次亚磷酸钠、氯化镁、水。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制取具有阻燃性天然纤维的方法，其特征在于，阻燃整理液的组分组成为：硼酸的含量为35～40g/L、磷酸酯阻燃剂的含量为50～55g/L、多聚胺的含量为150～155g/L、CWS阳离子型柔软剂3～3.5g/L、次亚磷酸酸钠32～35g/L、氯化镁3～4g/L。
8.根据权利要求2所述的制取具有阻燃性天然纤维的方法，其特征在于：葛藤皮纤维在阻燃整理液中浸泡时间为3～4h，阻燃整理液的温度为35～40℃。
9.根据权利要求1所述的制取具有阻燃性天然纤维的方法，其特征在于：葛藤纤维脱液后在120～130℃烘箱内烘干。
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